The document traces the history of tourism from ancient times to the present. It discusses how the Babylonians established trade and money around 400 BC, laying the foundations for travel. Early cruises and the first recorded tourism trip by Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt in 1480 BC are also mentioned. The document then covers the development of infrastructure like roads by various ancient civilizations and early attractions, transportation methods through history, and the emergence of the first travel agents and air travel.

1. Tourism
Through the
Ages
Week 2
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2. Early Beginnings of Travel
The Babylonians (Sumerians)
– The creation of money and trade
– Trade was developed around 400 B.C.
– Babylonians were also credited with the
founders of travel business.
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3. Early Beginnings of Travel
The Egyptians
– First cruises were organized
and conducted from Egypt.
• The first journey for Tourism
was made by Queen
Hatshepsut to the land of Punt
in 1480.
– Early Egyptians started the
trait of purchasing souvenirs
from the places they visit
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4. Early Beginnings of Travel
The Egyptians
– 2700 BC: the Pharaohs
began to build elaborate
burial tombs (pyramids)
– Egyptians were also the
first ones to start
celebrating festivals.
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5. First Voyage Around the World
Use of Early roads
– Mesopotamian roads were mainly paved dirt
roads.
– The island of Crete had better roads
• 13 ½ feet wide two-lane road.
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6. First Voyage Around the World
Use of Early roads
– The Romans developed
roads for military use and it
covered most of their
empire.
• Developed at around 150 BC
• Roman roads were quite
elaborate in construction.
(cobblestones)
• And some of these roads are
still in use.
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7. First Voyage Around the World
The Silk Road
– The fabled road where the east met the west.
– Some sections were directions across
trackless steppe or desert
– A trade route where states along this route
traded.
– Silk was not the only thing traded there.
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8. The Classical World
The Olympic Games
– Started in 776 BC.
– City states gathered together every 4 years
for competition
– The games created festivals, and attractions
were born out of it.
– Lodging also became a commodity needed
during these festivals
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9. The Classical World
Herodotus
– Father of History
– Travelled all over Greecce and the Aegean
Islands, sailed to Cyrene and explored Sicily
and Italy.
– Made records of his travels
– Also considered as the worlds first “Travel
Writer”
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10. Early Ships
Phoenicians
– Master shipwrights.
– Built a network of trading posts around the
Mediterranean.
Greeks
– Followed the Phoenicians.
– Improved ships and accelerated the
Mediterranean trade.
– Merchantships also carried passengers for profit.
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11. Early Ships and Records of Travel
Chinese
– Had ministers for travel as early as 4,000
years ago.
Polynesians
– Used small dugout canoes under 40 feet and
used these to travel from South East Asia.
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12. Early Tourism Developments
Europeans
– The fall of Rome spelled disaster for travel and
tourism.
– Dark ages- only the most adventurous persons
would travel. Travel was not for pleasure.
• The Crusades
– End of the Dark Ages; pilgrimages were popular.
• The ancient Passport was born in 1388: permits for
pilgrimages were required
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13. Early Tourism Developments
Europeans
– The rise of tour guides came about in the 14th
century.
– Pilgrimages gave birth to different
accommodation facilities.
– The “Grand Tour”
• Travelling for educational purposes.
• Where present trips to Europe originated
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14. Early Tourist Attractions
• Great Pyramids of Egypt
(including Sphinx)
• Hanging Gardens of Babylon
• Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus
• Statue of Zeus at Olympia
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15. Early Tourist Attractions
• Collosus of Rhodes in the Harbor at
Rhodes
• Great Lighthouse (Pharos)
in Alexandria, Egypt
• Temple Artemis at Ephesus
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16. Other Early Accommodation Facilities
Spas, Baths and Seaside Resorts
– The use of Spas after the original use by the
Romans.
– 18th century: Spas were very fashionable
– Sea Bathing also became popular because
saltwater had medicinal effects.
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17. First Travel Agents
Robert Smart
– Self-Proclaimed first steamship agent.
Thomas Cook
– Began Running a special excursion train from
Leicester to Loughborough
– Was recognized as the first rail excursion
agent.
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18. First Travel Agents
Thomas Benett
– Served as the British consul general in Oslo.
– Arranged scenic tours in Norway for visiting
British notables.
– 1850: he set up a “Trip Organizer” business
and provided tourists with
itineraries, carriages, provisions and a
“traveling kit”
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19. Historic Transportation
Stagecoach Travel
– Coaches were invented in Hungary during the
15th century and provided regular service on
prescribed routes.
– Stagecoach travel became so popular that it
was responsible for the development of the
famous English Tavern.
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20. Historic Transportation
Water Travel
– As early as 1772, market boats picked up
passengers and goods on ship canals in
england.
– Transport Service between Manchester and
the London Bridge
• This water travel service had a coffee room
– Then came the Steamboats in 1815.
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21. Historic Transportation
• Rail Travel
• Automobile and Motor coach Travel
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22. Historic Transportation
Air Travel
– 1926 saw the first US Airline: Variety Airlines
– First international route was flown by Pan
American Airways from Key West, FL to
Havana, Cuba
– Gradual expansion of territories covered by
US Airlines.
– Most of their staff and equipment was used
for war service during WWII.
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23. Historic Transportation
Air Travel
– The Boeing 707: the first commercial Jet
made by the United States.
– 1969: The Concorde takes flight
– 2003: The Concorde took its last Commercial
Flight.
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24. Historic Accommodations
• Private dwellings were the earliest guest
rooms. Travellers were hosted almost like
members of the family.
• Caravansaries and inns were used in the
Middle East and in the Orient.
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