Energy flow and nutrient cycles
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The document discusses energy flow through ecosystems. It explains that: 1) Solar energy is absorbed by plants and used to produce food through photosynthesis. 2) Animals obtain energy by eating plants or other animals. As they are more active, there are typically more plants than animals. 3) When organisms die, decomposers like bacteria break down their bodies and recycle the energy and nutrients.
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Food chains and webs show the transfer of energy and nutrients between organisms in an ecosystem. A food chain traces the flow of energy from producers like plants through consumers at different trophic levels. Herbivores are primary consumers, carnivores are secondary or tertiary consumers. Decomposers break down dead organic matter and cycle nutrients. Food webs are more complex than chains, with many interconnected feeding relationships between species. Ecological pyramids graphically represent numbers, biomass, or productivity at each trophic level, with producers at the base and apex predators at the top. Disturbances like bioaccumulation of toxins can disrupt ecosystem balance.
Food chain,food web and ecological pyramids
The document discusses food chains and food webs within an ecosystem. It defines a food chain as the transfer of energy from producers, like plants, through consumers at different trophic levels, and explains the key levels as producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers. Food webs are described as interconnected food chains that form a network of feeding relationships between species. Ecological pyramids illustrate the structure of ecosystems by depicting the numbers, biomass, or productivity at each trophic level, with producers at the base and top predators at the apex. Disturbances like bioaccumulation and biomagnification of chemicals can disrupt ecosystem balance.
The Important Thing about Ecosystems Big Book
The document discusses key concepts about ecosystems, including that organisms within ecosystems exchange energy and nutrients among themselves and with their environment. Energy enters as sunlight and is transferred through producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers. Organisms also cycle carbon, nitrogen, and water back into the environment. The types and numbers of organisms an ecosystem can support depends on available resources and abiotic factors like sunlight, water, and soil composition.
4.food_chains_and_food_webs ste 7.pptx
Here are 3 potential impacts if grasshoppers disappeared from the area:
1. The vole population would decrease. Without grasshoppers as a food source, voles would have less available food and their population would decline over time.
2. The frog and snake populations would decrease. With fewer voles due to the lack of grasshoppers, the frog and snake populations that rely on voles as a food source would have reduced availability of prey. Their numbers would fall as a result.
3. Other animals higher up in the food chain like hawks and owls would be indirectly impacted. With declining frog and snake populations due to fewer voles, these top predators would have reduced populations of smaller animals to prey
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Energy flow and nutrient cycles
- 1. Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycles Food Chains, Food Webs and Ecological Pyramids
- 2. Energy Flow What is our main source of energy?
- 3. Energy Flow • Solar/radiant energy from the sun is absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments in green plants. • This absorbed energy is then used by the plants to produce food via photosynthesis.
- 4. Energy Flow • Animals feed on plants either directly or indirectly in order to obtain food and energy. • Animals, like plants, use this energy for growth, production of organic compounds, and activities.
- 5. Energy Flow • Animals are a lot more active than plants and, as a result, require more energy than plants. • Because of this, there are MANY more plants than there are animals.
- 6. Energy Flow It is evident then, that energy is passed from the sun, to plants to the different levels of animals.
- 7. Energy Flow What are the different levels of animals? Hint: Think about their diets.
- 8. Energy Flow • When plants an animals die, the decomposers (what are these?) break up the dead bodies and recycle the energy back into nature. This is known as ENERGY FLOW.
- 9. Energy Flow and Food Chains • Energy Flow can be illustrated using food chains, webs or pyramids.
- 10. Food Chains • Food chains/webs/pyramids are illustrations that demonstrate the path of energy as it flows from one organism to another. • The example below shows a simple food chain in a grassland. Green plant Rabbit Fox Bacteria
- 11. Activity Complete the following activity individually 1. Make a list of some organisms that you have seen in your garden at home or your surroundings. 2. Draw a simple food chain to represent these organisms and their feeding relationships. 3. Draw a simple food chain that could be present in a fish tank.
- 12. Activity Assess each other’s work and discuss some of your answers
- 13. Food Webs • The path taken by energy is much more complicated than illustrated in a chain. • Organisms obtain food from more than one source or they may provide energy to more than one type of organism. • The resulting relationships look more like a web than a chain.
Editor's Notes
- Answer: The SUN!!!
- Ask: What do you think this energy is used for? Answer: Growth, production of organic compounds, absorption, chemical reactions and even movement.
- Explain what you mean by the term “indirectly” Explain what organic compounds and activities
- Answer: Herbivores/omnivores, low level carnivores and high level carnivores. Lower level carnivores – Snake and frog; Higher level carnivore – Lion; Herbivore – Tortoise; Omnivore – Grizzly bear.
- Decomposers: Fungi, bacteria
- Ask for suggestions of food chains and draw a few on the board
- Energy flow is completed once the bacteria have broken down the fox’s body. The products that the bacteria create from the dead body are released back into the environment.
- Draw food web including green plant, rabbit, fox, lion, impala, and a human as an example of a food web and explain the energy flow in the web. Ask learners to join in and provide a food web of their own for the entire class.