This document provides a summary of the Rural Attachment Test (RAT) conducted by Binoy Tripura in Kamalachara village from September 20-26, 2017. The summary includes: 1) An overview of the village including its history, demographics, resources, livelihood patterns, and existing institutions. 2) Identification and profiles of 3 typical families - a very poor family, a poor family, and a well-off family. 3) Additional assignments for the livelihood coordinator including analyzing the major livelihood options of paddy cultivation, rubber plantation, and fishery. Cost-benefit analyses and recommendations are provided for improving paddy cultivation.

1. Report
on
Rural Attachment Test (RAT)
Under
Tripura Rural Livelihood Mission (TRLM)
From 20 to 26 September 2017
Presented by
Binoy Tripura (449)
Livelihood coordinator-Farm

2. SL. no. CONTENTS
1 History of village, Settlement pattern,
Demographic details ,Resource available
,Major tradition ,Livelihood pattern,
Seasonality calendar, Existing institution
Interdependence , Gender relation
2 Identification of 3 typical families
1. very poor family
2. Poor family
3. Well off family
3 Additional assignment for livelihood farm (LC)

3. 1.1.History of village
• The name of village is Kamalachara, under Ambasa, Dhalai, Tripura. The name of
the village Kamala chara given because of one river and growing oranges nearby
bank of river.
• The village is mostly in habitat with tribal population comprising various ethnic
group and creeds such as molswm, Hrangkhwal, kuki, Debbarma, darlong and
small amount of non-tribal population.
• The total geographic area of the village is 950.07 Sq. Km. Consisting of forest,
river and plain areas. The forest area is around 350.07 ha.
• Total number of population is 3861. Most of population are either depending
upon agriculture or daily wage earning for their livelihood.
1.2 Settlement pattern of village
 Maximum number of household are located nearby main road of the village
and only some household are located in hills. The most of the houses are
built with bamboo and tin and some are solid mud house and also concrete
cemented house.
 Linear pattern of settlement is prevalent in the area of kamala chara.
 Houses are arranged along either side of a road, railway line, river or canal
 Part of hilly areas is largely controlled by terrain and topography

4. Sl. Items Response
1 District Dhalai
2 Village committee Kamala Chera
3 Panchayat samiti Ambasa
4 Block Ambasa
5 Police station Ambasa
6 Village committee
wards
5
7 Total household 886
8 Total Population 3861
9 ST 650
10 SC 45
11 OBC 107
12 Male 1825
13 Female 2036
1.3 Demographic details
1.4 GEOGRAPHIC AREA
Sl. Items Size
1 Total area 950 sq. Km.
2 Cultivable land 126 ha
3 Forest area 350 ha
4 Hills 9 ha
5 Cultivated land 126
1.5. RESOURCES
Sl. Items Total No.
1 R.C.C 2
2 L . I. Scheme 2
3 Mark-2 and 3 3
4 Mini deep tube well 3
5 O. H. Dop 22
6 Perennial river 1
7 Forest area 350 ha

5. 1.6.Major tradition and festivals
 Eighty percents of population belongs to schedule tribes
consisting of Molswm, Hwrangkhal, Kuki, Debbarma, Marak.
 The people of Dhanchara are Christian and celebrate Christmas
every year.
 Garia puja also celebrated during Baishak month of year
1.7 LIVELIHOOD PATTERNS
 The existing livelihood patterns are as follows
 Farming – paddy, rubber, Banana, fishery etc
 Daily wage labour- Manual and domestic work
 MG-NREGA
 New farm and nonfarm venture through SHGs
 Jhum cultivation
 Government Service

6. 1.8 Seasonal calendar
Source: D.o.A, Ambasa block Tripura

7. 1.9 EXISTING INSTITUTIONS
Sl. Institution name Number
1 Poly technique college 1
2 Telecom office 1
3 Circuit house 1
4 Sub post office 1
5 Primary school 3
6 Higher secondary 2
7 Awanwadi centre 6
8 Panchayat office 1
9 TSR camp 1
10 Assam rifel camp 1
11 Block office 1
12 Ration shop 2
13 Village health centre 1
14 Katcha road 15km
15 Pucca road 7km
1.10 GENDER RELATION
 Women are empowered
in case of social,
economic and politically
 Play equal role in decision
making , family planning
 Most of the Women are
involved in SHGs and
empowered

8. 2. Identification of 3 typical Families:
• Panchayats records and interaction with local people
• Dhanchara, Shivbari and Kamalachara east.
• Families were selected on the basis of land possession, income source, and
educational level, innovativeness etc.
• From Panchayats records a 15 number of families were selected at ratio of
5:5:5 i.e. very poor: poor: well off.
• Out of fifteen families 3 were included in finale identification.
• Methods of identification
 Quick survey of specific area
 Secondary data from Panchayats office
 Local people insight
 Self observation
• Area of identification: Dhanchara and Shiv vari

9. 2.1: VERY POOR FAMILY
• Name: Marry Hrangkhwal (Head of Family)
• W/O: Late Thomas Hrangkhwal
• Age: 53 years old
• Education: Illiterate
• Family member: 2 Daughters
• Land possession: 2 acre of patta land
• House type: Solid Mud house
• Livelihood: Daily wage through working in others
house, MGNREGA
• Monthly Income: Rs 5200 (From all sources)
• Expenditure : Rs 3500 per months
VULNERABILITIES IDENTIFIED:
1. Seasonal Un employment 2. Below poverty line 3. No help from government
4.No savings
SHOCK AND DISTRESS:
1. No manpower utilize available land resources 2. Lack of sustainable livelihood
3. No insight of new technologies
MECHANISM TO COPING WITH THEM:
1. To go sustainable farming rather subsistence
2. Un used patta land should be used for plantation crops

10. 2.2: POOR FAMILY
• Name: Julius Kalai (Head of Family)
• Age: 36 years old
• Education: class v passed
• Family member: One Daughter and one sons
• Land possession: 1.5 acre land and 2.5 acre of patta
land
• House type: Bamboo Thached house
• Livelihood: farming and daily wage labour
• Monthly Income: Rs 11000 (From all sources)
• Expenditure: Rs 8000
VULNERABILITIES , SHOCK AND DISTRES IDENTIFIED:
Less income generation from shop and capital to invest in others ventures
Lack of scientific awareness
Not enough earning to meet daily family needs
Problematic during emergency time
No saving for future aspects
MECHANISM TO COPING WITH THEM:
To increase the size of business
Grow more profitable crop in farming land
To save some money for future purpose

11. 2. 3. Well off family
• Name: Molsawm Thang Rokhumus (Head of
Family) Age: 46 years old
• Education: School teacher
• Family member: Four
• Land possession: 16 kani low land
• House type: Pucca
• Livelihood: Government job and farming
• Monthly Income: Rs 45000
• Expenditure: Rs 12500
VULNERABILITIES, SHOCK AND DISTRES:
He practiced SRI method to grow paddy but not in proper manner
Less knowledge of package of practices
Less crop yield as expected
Less knowledge in identification of crop disease and insect symptoms
Difficult to get seed material from local shop
No incentive from agriculture department
MECHANISM TO COPING WITH THEM:
Need to consult with agriculture department for package of practices
Farm output can be increase with different alternative crops

12. 3. ADDITIONAL ASSIGNMENT FOR LC (LIVELIHOOD- FARM)
• 3.1. Three major livelihoods options
 Paddy cultivation
 Rubber Plantation
 Fishery
• Areas of data collection:
 Village: Kamalachara
 Total geographic area: 950 sq. Km.
 Cultivated land : 126 Ha
 Forest area: 350 Ha
 Vegetable crop field: 60 ha
Methods followed to identification of major livelihood options:
Participatory rural appraisal
Self observation
Cross checking secondary information

13. Paddy cultivation

14. Rubber cultivation

15. Fish culture

16. SRI PACKAGE OF PRACTICES FOLLOWED BY THE FARMERS:
1. Selection of Land: Medium Upland was selected for SRI cultivation.
2. Land preparation: 3-4 ploughing were done for preparing the land & in the last
ploughing fine levelling of soil was followed with help of puddler.
All the stubble and weeds were mixed with soil and 5cm standing water was kept
for 7 to 15 days before sowing.
3. Selection of Seed: Improved variety of 150 days duration i.e. Paijam and 120
days i.e. Basmati were selected Some of local variety were also grown
4. Seed Requirements: 3 Kg for 1 acre of land
5.Seed Treatment: soaked seed in cold water over night before sowing for
nursery preparation.
6. Nursery Preparation: Prepared drainage system to remove excess water
during heavy rain on four sides of the bed. Applied 20 kg of dry cow dung in each
of the bed. Then spread the treated and partly germinated seeds in the nursery
bed very thinly.

17. Continuation-
7. Transplantation:
 12-14 days old seedlings were transplanted in the mail field
 Seedlings were pulled out from the nursery bed very carefully by using
a Spade. As the nursery plot is in the corner of the main field therefore,
 The spacing followed is 15 inch X 10 inch and transplanted 3-4
seedlings per hills
 After completing one row, the rope can be shifted for transplantation of
another row.
 8. Inter-culture & Top dressing:
 Weeding were done after 40 days of transplanting
 Irrigation was given according to needs to crop field
 5 cm standing water was kept until seedling get proper growth
 50 kg of Urea was applied in entire crop field
 Chemical plant protection suck as insecticide was sprayed
 Yield : 16 mon/ kani

18. COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS:
Sl. Cost of farm Inputs Amounts
per ha
1 Land preparation Rs 3500
2 Seed Rs 500
3 Manure Rs 500
4 Fertilizers Rs 250
5 Transplanting Rs 850
6 Plant protection Rs 200
7 Inter culture
operation
Rs 250
8 Machinery cost Rs 250
9 Harvesting Rs 2500
10 Marketing Rs 300
11 Total Rs 8900 per
Ha.
Total land is 1.6 ha X Rs 8900 = Rs 14240
Total yield of crop: 16 mon per
Kani , (1 mon is 40 kg )
Therefore for 10 kani= 640 x 10
=6400 kg paddy
1 kg of paddy is Rs 15, So, for
6400 kg X Rs 15 = Rs 96000
#Cost- benefits = (Revenue-
Expenditure) Rs 96000 - Rs
14240
Total Revenue is Rs 81760 /-

19. Forward and backward linkage:
• Back ward linkage
 Farm inputs such as seeds, fertilizer, pesticides/weedicides, and
equipment/tools
 Seeds and fertilizers are available from government department however
regular supply of fertilizer is a major constraint which shoots up its market
price. Other inputs are available from open markets as well.
 Short supplies of chemical fertilizers coupled with individual purchases of
small quantities make farmers to spend two to three times of the actual price.
 Purchasing of inputs collectively by building partnerships with wholesalers
well before the production season can help farmers access inputs at lower
rates.
• Forward linkage
 Farmers sell individually to the retailer/wholesaler resulting in higher
overhead marketing costs
 Farmers get around 50% of value paid by the final consumers.

20. Major bottle neck
Do not follows the recommended package of practices
Lack of knowledge of pesticides spraying doses
Only grows previous year seeds as planting materials
Irrigation facilities are unavailable
Lack of proper road connectivity
Less yield
No proper communication with extension worker
No support from Department of Agriculture
No knowledge of soil testing mechanism
Possible Intervention for Improvement
Understand existing infrastructure, resources , support services, major occupations,
production systems, technology, policy environment and potential for growth
Conduct market assessment and value chain analysis for potential livelihood activities
Suggest viable income enhancement strategies for potential farm, off-farm and non-
farm sectors
 Suggest business plans for appropriate livelihood interventions for potential activities

21. Some moment captured

22. Thank You