Tribes,Forest Ifs Ak
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The presentation questions the current and future policy directions with respect to the Scheduled Tribes and Forest in India. It also suggests a model for future direction. This presentation was made to the senior Indian Forest Officers in Indira National Forest Academy,Dehradun
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The document discusses pre-trial rights under Cambodian, international, and ECCC laws. It outlines rights such as the right to remain silent, legal assistance, interpretation services, and adequate time to prepare a defense. Case studies examine whether rights were properly waived, including the right to counsel during interrogations. The ICTR found Kabiligi did not understand his immediate right to counsel, so his waiver was invalid. The ECCC examined whether Duch and Nuon Chea validly waived their rights during initial questioning.
Corruption & Triablism_India
There are approximately 461 tribes in India, with 75 considered the most backward primitive tribes. Tribes make up only 8% of India's population and live in around 5,000 villages located in forest regions. Tribal communities practice various religions and are located across states like Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa, Rajasthan and Maharashtra. Tribes suffer from material deprivation, landlessness, educational backwardness, lack of employment and government services, indebtedness, and health and nutritional issues. While government programs aim to aid tribes, they remain economically and educationally backward due to factors such as lack of direct support and motivation, rejection, and improper
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The document discusses the need for the Tribal Forest Rights Bill in India. It notes that millions of tribal families have been evicted from forest lands since the 1990s despite having lived there for generations, resulting in human rights violations and poverty. The document argues that India's forest policies have historically disenfranchised tribal communities of their customary land and resource rights through unclear land records and the designation of lands as forests without local consent. The proposed bill aims to recognize the traditional forest rights and occupations of tribal communities as a way to rectify past injustices and ensure their livelihoods and habitats are protected.
National Advocacy Council for Development of Indigenous People
NACDIP is a network established in 2002 to advocate for the rights of tribal communities in India. It was formed by 192 Adivasi communities and 225 organizations across 18 states. NACDIP's vision is to protect tribal rights to land, water and forests while preserving their culture and knowledge. Its mission is to create a common platform for tribal communities to unite and assert their rights. NACDIP has advocated for laws protecting tribal rights, trained local organizations, and aims to continue networking and capacity building efforts going forward.
Juhm farming in nagaland1
1) The document describes Juhm farming practices in Nagaland, a state in northeast India.
2) It involves a sustainable slash and burn agriculture system using Nepalese alder trees, which are pollarded on an eight year rotation for firewood, building materials, and ash fertilizer while crops are grown between the trees.
3) After two years of cropping, the land is left fallow for six years to regenerate before restarting the cycle, providing a careful management system of the land.
Forest right act src ppt
The document discusses the Forest Rights Act of 2006 in India. The act aims to secure tenure rights and other traditional rights of forest-dwelling tribes and communities over forest areas. It recognizes individual and community rights related to habitation, cultivation, use, access to minor forest produces, grazing lands, and community rights over forest resources. The gram sabha or village council is empowered to initiate the process of determining forest rights. Authorities violating the act's provisions can face penalties. While some criticized that the act could reduce forest land for wildlife, its true purpose is to recognize existing rights and not grant new land titles. The act provides legal rights to forest-dwelling communities who previously had no rights over the forests they long inhabited
Forest Rights Act_Provisions: By Madhu Sarin
The document outlines key provisions of the Forest Rights Act in India, which aims to recognize and vest forest rights of Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers. It defines terms like community forest resources, critical wildlife habitat, forest land and minor forest produce. It also lists the various forest rights that are secured, including the right to hold and cultivate land, collect and use minor forest produce, grazing rights, habitat and settlement rights. The duties of forest right holders to protect wildlife and forest biodiversity are also mentioned.
Tribal culture
This document discusses the relationship between tribal cultures and forest resources in India from pre-independence to present. It notes that tribes traditionally had common ownership of land and forests, but British rule made land private property and non-tribals settled tribal lands. After independence, development prioritized tribal welfare but often conflicted with it, depleting forests and denying tribes benefits and opportunities. This led to social issues and Naxalite movements. While tribes were once blamed for hindering development, they are now seen as an alternative model that is environmentally friendly. The Forest Rights Act of 2006 aimed to legally protect tribal land and resource rights.
Dr. famark hlawnching
This document discusses the lack of recognition of indigenous peoples' customary land use and tenure systems in Asia. It notes that while indigenous peoples make up over 250 million people in Asia, their distinct identities are often not legally recognized. Only 26% of Asian lands are recognized as owned or controlled by indigenous peoples. Issues highlighted include development projects that displace indigenous communities, imposition of conservation areas, and complicated legal processes for obtaining land rights. The document lists 208 civil society and indigenous organizations from 12 Asian countries that are working to support indigenous land rights and the #landrightsnow campaign.
Report of the High-level Committee on Socio-Economic, Health and Educational ...
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http://www.fao.org/economic/ess/ess-wca/wca-2020/en/ FAO WCA 2020 data collection recommendations on land.
© FAO: www.fao.org
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India: Land
This document provides information about India's Agriculture Census program, including its history, methodology, and data collection process. Some key points:
- India has conducted an Agriculture Census every 5 years since 1970 to collect land usage and crop production statistics. Data is collected through a census of land records plus sample surveys.
- The current 2015-16 Census involved a 3-phase process to enumerate all agricultural holdings, collect detailed land use and crop data via sampling, and survey input use.
- Challenges include controlling errors from outdated land records and underreporting of tenancy. Innovations for 2015-16 included making schedules clearer and potentially extracting some data directly from computerized land records.
- Land statistics
Forest rights act
This document outlines the process for diverting forest land for government facilities like schools, hospitals, etc. as outlined in the Forest Rights Act. It discusses what constitutes forest rights and forest land. It describes that individual and community forest rights can be granted. It also details that forest land up to 1 hectare can be diverted for facilities recommended by the Gram Sabha, if less than 75 trees are felled per hectare. The process requires the user agency to submit proposals to the Gram Sabha and RFO, who inspects and makes a recommendation to the DFO. The DFO then accepts or sends it to the District Level Committee for a final decision.
Juhm farming in north east india
1) The document describes traditional farming practices in the North East Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland, focusing on slash and burn agriculture and terraced farming.
2) In Arunachal Pradesh, Adi tribes practice slash and burn agriculture, clearing forest areas with fire to plant rice for two years before letting the land regenerate. In Nagaland, the Angami tribe uses a system of pollarding alder trees on an eight year rotation to fertilize soil for crops.
3) Across both states, farming is small-scale and relies on family labor working small plots of land using traditional practices like growing a variety of rice, millet, corn and vegetables by hand. Livestock
Nagaland, India
Nagaland is a hilly state in Northeast India with 16 tribes and Christianity as the dominant religion. It has a pleasant climate with heavy rainfall from June to September. The state has 16 districts and is known for its biodiversity, adventurous outdoor activities like trekking, and vibrant folk dances performed by the tribes. Nagaland cuisine features non-vegetarian dishes like pork and bamboo shoots as well as rice beer.
Tribal health status india
Tribal communities in India experience high levels of health issues and deprivation. They lag behind national averages on key health indicators like sex ratio, literacy rates, and nutritional levels. Common diseases among tribes include waterborne illnesses, malaria, tuberculosis, sickle cell anemia, and mental health issues. While the government has instituted programs to improve tribal healthcare, many challenges remain such as inadequate infrastructure, personnel shortages, and cultural barriers. Additional efforts are needed to close health gaps and ensure tribal communities receive effective medical services.
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National Advocacy Council for Development of Indigenous People
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Forests are an important natural resource in Ethiopia, providing materials, ecosystem services, and supporting the livelihoods of many. However, Ethiopia's forest cover has declined significantly over time due to population growth and unsustainable use. Forest policy and legislation aim to manage this valuable resource sustainably by outlining principles and plans for forest conservation, protection, management, and utilization, as well as related industries, in order to maximize benefits for society while preserving forests for future generations. An effective forest policy provides guidance for government agencies and helps coordinate decision-making across sectors to balance forest conservation with community development needs.
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The document discusses different conceptions of poverty and strategies for poverty removal. It argues that distribution of power in society is a key driver of poverty, and poverty persists when certain groups lack self-efficacy and influence due to their person, place, or position in society. It analyzes poverty data in India based on social groups and geography, showing the highest poverty among scheduled tribes, scheduled castes, and those in certain states. The document advocates for segmented strategies and a multi-pronged approach involving enhancing self-efficacy, creating opportunities, building assets and skills, and increasing political participation and voice.
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This document summarizes a study on forest entitlement and benefit sharing in community forests in Nepal. It explores how forest benefits are distributed among community members. The study examines two community forests and finds that over 17 years, timber distribution has remained similar among rich, middle-wealth, and poor households. Poor and minority users have not benefited as much and forest resources have not improved their livelihoods. The challenge is how to equitably share benefits among users in a sustainable way. New distribution mechanisms and access for all users need to be developed to address inequities.Jesd 1
This document summarizes a study that examines the distributional impacts of forest income on household welfare in rural Nigeria. Specifically, it:
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This document discusses strategies for reducing poverty and malnutrition among vulnerable groups. It makes three key points:
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Socio-Economic Contributions of Forest Products to Rural Livelihood: A Case S...
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In the past, conservation effort has primarily focused on establishment of forest reserves for timber production, with minimal or no consideration to how these natural resources will help sustain or improve livelihoods of adjoining communities. This study examined the contribution of Aramoko forest reserve to the livelihoods of the adjoining communities in Ekiti State. One hundred and twenty pre-tested questionnaires were administered among the products collectors in the study area. Data collected were analysed and the result showed that 78.3 % of the respondents are married with 52.3 % of them male, while 50.8 % of the respondents aged between 51-70 years with 64.1 % having at least secondary education. Twenty-five (25) different products were collected by the respondents in the study area. These products include among others; timber with highest frequency of (120) followed by herbal plants (115), Archantina marginata (105), Thaumatococcus danielli (89), Bridelia ferruginea (70) and Irvingia garbonensis (65). The use of motor cycle accounted for 41.4 % of the respondents means of transportation, while 31.3 % of the respondents sell their product in bit at the village market. Picking, digging, plucking, cutting and uprooting were methods used for harvesting by the respondents while illegal felling (24 %) and indiscriminate bush burning (22.4 %) were the major conservation problem in the study area. Specifically, some of the products harvested are used for food, medicine, fuelwood, herbs and cultural purposes. The study recommends that research should be conducted into how these products can be artificially raised in the nursery for plantation establishment.CSI - Transforming the Food System
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The politics of swidden: A case study from Nghe An and Son La in Vietnam
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The politics of swidden: A case study from Nghe An and Son La in Vietnam
Abstract of the research that this presentation refers to: Shifting cultivation, or swidden has long been seen as a major driver of deforestation and degradation. Using two case studies from Vietnam, this paper examines discourses on swidden at multiple levels. Our findings show a disparity between what is perceived as a driver of deforestation in a particular locality, and the proposed measures to reduce deforestation, often focusses only on swidden. Swidden is treated as a political issue, interpreted differently according to different policy preferences and policy translations at different government levels. As a result, swidden is has become ‘invisible’ as government authorities do not collect and report data on the issue. Since swidden is not recognized ‘politically’, swiddeners are often ‘forgotten’ in REDD+ and PES design and implementation. Omission of these actors from forest conservation and management programs could lead to further social marginalization and potentially spillover into deforestation and forest degradation. Our findings suggest that REDD + policies should take into account potentially diverging political interests on controversial land uses such as swidden and consider scientific evidence of ecosystem service provision, such as (but not limited to) carbon sequestration and storage, when assessing the eligible land uses for REDD+.
This presentation was given by Maria Brockhaus at the IUFRO conference in Beijing, China that was held from October 24-27, 2016.
LandReformsekta
Landlessness is the main cause of rural poverty in India, where over 70% of the population lives in rural areas. Those with land tend to have greater economic stability and bargaining power. Landlessness brings obstacles like inability to get loans or insurance, and an inability to profit from labor. Effective land reform legislation that redistributes land equitably among the rural masses is needed to remedy this issue. However, existing land reform laws in India have gaps and inconsistencies and need reform. Additionally, a more comprehensive legal framework is required to support vulnerable groups and ensure their land rights. The National Council for Land Reforms was formed to address unfinished land reforms, but it has yet to hold its first meeting to discuss critical land reform issues.
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This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
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Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
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Tribes,Forest Ifs Ak
- 1. Forest Land and Rights of Tribal March 16, 2010 Dr. Avanish Kumar Public Policy Management Email: [email_address]
- 3. Key Concerns
- 4. Development Social Inequity Source: Planning Commision,2008 Incidence of overall under-nutrition (under weight) is significantly higher among ST children than among others. ST children also have a much higher incidence of anaemia. Incidence of stunting and wasting much higher among ST children. The proportion of ST children, aged 12-23 months who received basic vaccinations, is much lower than the rest of the population. 18% STs 51 % Deliveries in a health facility 43.8 STs 36.1 Infant mortality rate (2005/6 National Family Health Survey 3 ) 47% Rajasthan 37% Orissa 37% Andhra Pradesh 52% Chhattisgarh 41% Madhya Pradesh 41% Jharkhand 28% Bihar 47% Overall for tribal people 65% Proportion of literates (Census 2001 National Average
- 6. Report of National Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, Government of India, 2005 Health Inequity
- 8. Tribes Development is not necessarily forest Dependent/Philanthropy Low Cost Technology, Equitable Market and Inclusive Policies Strengthen Culture Nature Nurture
- 11. Policy Assumptions Before 31 st December 2008 and After 4 th November 2009 - ? Homogeneous Management Capability Panchayat “ Whose Brain & Brawn” Homogeneous demands of forest/land products Tribes “ Stomach of Poor” Homogeneous Supply of public good Forest “ Lungs of Earth” Assumptions Stakes
- 12. Key Challenges
- 13. Contextualizing Tribes and Forests Incentives Adopted from Olson Forest Tribes Key Incentives Purposive incentives - Accomplishment of a significant goal for the common good Solidarity incentives - Intangible rewards available only to coalition members Material incentives -Rewards of money, products, jobs, collective platform
- 14. Contextualizing Tribes & Forests Partnership Adopted form Ostrom High Medium Low Key Activities Dispersion - extent to which members live in geographic proximity to one another Homogeneity - extent to which overlaps in knowledge, interest, status Multiple Function - extent to which social relationships serve economic and emotions Reciprocity - extent to which resource/support are both given and received
- 16. Value of Public Good + Selective Benefits - Cost of Participation = Individual Benefits Contextualizing Tribes & Forests Concern and Consequence
- 17. 165 Districts Now 222 Contextualizing Tribes & Forests Concern and Consequence
- 18. Common Endeavor
- 21. Evolve a New School of Thought Realistic Tribes & Peasants exercise sovereign rights over woodland Populist Guha,1990 State Management of ecologically sensitive & strategically valuable Forest, allowing other areas to remain under communal system of management Pragmatic Total State Control over forest Annexationist
- 26. “ The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them”… Albert Einstein Thank You !