Juhm farming in north east india
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1) The document describes traditional farming practices in the North East Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland, focusing on slash and burn agriculture and terraced farming. 2) In Arunachal Pradesh, Adi tribes practice slash and burn agriculture, clearing forest areas with fire to plant rice for two years before letting the land regenerate. In Nagaland, the Angami tribe uses a system of pollarding alder trees on an eight year rotation to fertilize soil for crops. 3) Across both states, farming is small-scale and relies on family labor working small plots of land using traditional practices like growing a variety of rice, millet, corn and vegetables by hand. Livestock
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ETjhdfjljddjkddhkvKarl Karl Karo Karl Karl mail KS DJ Khaled ft Chris Brown zero audio books and stuff but I don't know what I said it will be there at the same thing I have to go 🔙 to sleep now 👶 👧 I love u too baby 👧 I love u too baby 👧 is a lot of people that have to be a good 🌃 and sweet dreams baby 👧 is a lot more fun u want
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Iess305
1. The document discusses different groups of pastoralists (nomadic herders) found across India, including in the Himalayan mountains, central plateaus, plains, and deserts.
2. It describes the seasonal cycles of movement practiced by various groups to make use of available pastures. For example, Gujjar cattle herders in the mountains would move between dry forests in winter and high mountain meadows in summer.
3. Pastoralists in other areas, like the plateaus and plains, also followed cycles of movement dictated by alternations between the monsoon and dry seasons to access grazing lands.
chapter 5 of history.pptx
6200 089 790 Write about different classes of people on the clothes they were when they wear youngAs mentioned earlier, "Chirag" is a two-word short story by Phanishwar Nath Renu. The story goes as follows:
A lamp was burning in a room. A gust of wind blew through the window and extinguished the flame. The end.
The story may seem simple and straightforward, but it has a deeper meaning. The lamp represents life, and the wind represents death. The sudden extinguishing of the lamp symbolizes how life can be snuffed out in an instant. It also emphasizes the fragility of life and how we should cherish every moment we have.
Overall, "Chirag" is a poignant and thought-provoking story that leaves a lasting impact on the reader.Aman Pathak:
Conclusion on Trace the train in clothes worn at work,leisure, sports in the early 19th century qnd today in the world and india
Trace the impact of colonization on the handloom workers and industry and compare it with changes in handloom and khadi industry since independence in india with title
Conclusion of
Trace the impact of colonization on the handloom workers and industry and compare it with changes in handloom and khadi industry since independence in indiaWrite about different classes of people on the clothes they were when they wear youngAs mentioned earlier, "Chirag" is a two-word short story by Phanishwar Nath Renu. The story goes as follows:
A lamp was burning in a room. A gust of wind blew through the window and extinguished the flame. The end.
The story may seem simple and straightforward, but it has a deeper meaning. The lamp represents life, and the wind represents death. The sudden extinguishing of the lamp symbolizes how life can be snuffed out in an instant. It also emphasizes the fragility of life and how we should cherish every moment we have.
Overall, "Chirag" is a poignant and thought-provoking story that leaves a lasting impact on the reader.Aman Pathak:
Conclusion on Trace the train in clothes worn at work,leisure, sports in the early 19th century qnd today in the world and india
Trace the impact of colonization on the handloom workers and industry and compare it with changes in handloom and khadi industry since independence in india with title
Conclusion of
Trace the impact of colonization on the handloom workers and industry and compare it with changes in handloom and khadi industry since independence in indiaAs mentioned earlier, "Chirag" is a two-word short story by Phanishwar Nath Renu. The story goes as follows:
A lamp was burning in a room. A gust of wind blew through the window and extinguished the flame. The end.
The story may seem simple and straightforward, but it has a deeper meaning. The lamp represents life, and the wind represents death. The sudden extinguishing of the lamp symbolizes how life can be snuffed out in an instant. It also emphasizes the fragility of life and how we should cherish every moment we have.
Overall, "Chirag" is a poignant and thought-provoking
Equatorial region
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Lecture03 Shelter For The Nomads B Ym
Nomadic tribes in desert environments have developed specialized shelters that are lightweight and portable. The San tribe lives in the Kalahari desert and uses dome-shaped structures called "kuas" made of branches and grasses that can be built in under an hour. The Rendille tribe in Kenya lives as pastoral nomads and uses tents called "min" made of bent sticks and mats that are dismantled and moved every few days to follow food and water for their animals. Various tribes across North Africa and the Middle East traditionally used black goat hair tents that are aerodynamic and durable in desert climates.
vernacular architecture of north east india
The document provides information on the vernacular architecture of Northeast India, specifically focusing on the states of Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya. It describes the traditional building materials and construction techniques used by tribes in the region, which include bamboo, wood, thatch, and locally available plants. Houses are designed to be elevated on stilts for protection from floods and have sloped roofs to shed heavy monsoon rains. Interior spaces are organized based on family structure and social activities. The simple designs demonstrate an adaption to the cold, hilly environment with minimal insulation and openings.
GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEMS EVS PPT
Grass land ecosystems in india.
types of grasslands
uses of grassland
threats to grasslands
flora and fauna of grassland ecosystems
interesting facts
grassland ecosystem conservation
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This slides is about vernacular architecture of kirati (one of the ethnic group of Nepal). The content sources are provided on reference slides!
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7 SISTERS OF INDIA - PRESENTATION .pptx
Nagaland is a hilly state in Northeast India known for its diverse tribes and traditions. The 16 major tribes that inhabit Nagaland each have their own distinct dialects, cultures, and styles of vernacular architecture. Houses are typically constructed from locally sourced materials like wood, bamboo, and thatch to withstand the region's cold, hilly climate. Roofs are sloped with thick thatch layers to shed rainwater quickly. Architecture varies between tribes but commonly features low walls, projecting roofs, and entrance areas protected from rain. Vernacular designs are adapted to the environment and emphasize natural resistance to earthquakes.
Temperate grasslands
Grasslands-Temperate Grasslands
Prairies-Steppes-Velds-Pampas
(The flora and fauna, The life of people)
SOCIAL STUDIES-GRADE 8
Village Khonoma
Text in brief defines the journey of Village Khonoma in Nagaland from a , hunting focussed and non-caring environment village to become first green village of the country- which has banned hunting of birds/animals; set up first community led sanctuary and promoted protection of flora/fauna in both village and the periphery- to create a model & set an example in hill area development for promoting environment and ecology
Jun individual
1) The Orang Asli people have lived in harmony with Malaysia's rainforests for thousands of years, relying on the forest for food, shelter, and medicine.
2) Deforestation threatens the livelihood of the Orang Asli by destroying their habitat and resources.
3) The document describes how the Batek Orang Asli tribe near Taman Negara hunts, builds shelters, and lives sustainably within the rainforest ecosystem.
Care To Explore A Gypsy Feet Slideshow
The document is a travel brochure for North-East India produced by Gypsyfeet Travels. It features over 50 photographs highlighting the natural beauty, cultural diversity, and attractions of North-East India. Key sights and activities promoted include the 400-year old Tawang Monastery in Arunachal Pradesh, the Monpa tribe practicing Tibetan Buddhism, markets and villages showcasing the various local tribes, and national parks like Kaziranga featuring wildlife like one-horned rhinoceros. The region is home to numerous tribes and the brochure showcases their vibrant traditions in weaving, music, and daily life.
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NS and SSR. project class 9.pdfharo Pepi Karo offs
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Juhm farming in north east india
- 1. Juhm Farming in Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland Sustainable slash and burn agriculture in North East India All photos © Julian Swindell
- 2. North East Indian states Arunachal Pradesh Assam Nagaland
- 4. Finding the ferry “terminal”. The river bank changes with every rainfall
- 5. Ferry across the Brahmaputra
- 6. Our car being loaded, with lunch on the roof…
- 7. What could possibly go wrong?
- 8. Assam, flat, fertile, covered in tea plantations.
- 10. Arunachal, mountainous, tribal, very thinly populated.
- 11. Home of the star magnolia
- 12. Hotel on high Maya pass
- 13. Mithun, feral buffalo, store of wealth and slaughtered for festivals
- 14. Hunting still practiced, but with guns. This hunter was 92 and last hunted with bows and arrows in the 1960s
- 15. Ziro valley is high and flat and dominated by permanent rice paddies. Entirely unmechanised.
- 16. Whole families work in ancestral rice fields
- 17. Turmeric being dried near Pakke
- 18. Some crops and vegetables are very familiar, many are not.
- 19. Vegetables harvested form the forests, plus aubergines
- 20. Salt cakes, made from wood smoke deposits in the houses. Salt is in seriously short supply in the mountains
- 21. Everything is moved in baskets, by women…
- 22. In the mountains, dry rice is the staple, along with pigs
- 23. Slash and burn in the Adi tribal areas. Each cleared area is cultivated for two years
- 24. Complete areas are cleared of all trees and plant life by fire
- 25. Rice is planted before the monsoon, so that it holds the soil together during the rains. Harvested after the monsoon. The fields have to be protected from wild elephants who love fresh growing rice plants
- 26. These girls had just finished working in the Juhm fields and came to entertain us
- 27. By dancing to the latest Bollywood hits blasted out of a Karaoke machine
- 29. Rice paddy is stored in granaries and threshed during the monsoon season as needed.
- 30. Pork is the staple meat
- 31. Adi houses are spectacularly beautiful. Designed to keep families dry during the monsoon. Annual rainfall is between 2-4 metres
- 32. Nagaland
- 33. Kohima, Capital of Nagaland
- 35. Nagaland is intensely tribal
- 37. Angouli, from the Angami tribe
- 38. Hekani, from the Suomi tribe (with a “European”)
- 39. Kohnoma, home village of the Angami
- 40. Angouli at the very edge of the British Empire
- 41. All firewood is moved on foot in back baskets
- 42. Traditional clothing is based on warm, woollen shawls, woven on back-strap looms
- 43. The valley is intensively cultivated in terraces
- 44. Smaller “market garden” terraces run up to the village itself
- 45. Villagers can be in the fields in minutes
- 46. Potatoes, corn, beans and over 20 varieties of rice
- 47. There are no written histories and all constructions are said to be “about one hundred years old. They are clearly ancient.
- 48. Flooded terraces are used for rice at low level and fish farming at higher levels
- 49. Crops are planted and managed by hand and rotated
- 50. Towards the top of the terracing, things start to look different. Notice all the trees
- 51. Juhm shifting farming, based on Nepalese alder trees
- 52. The trees are pollarded, traditionally on an eight year Rotation. Branches are used for firewood and building
- 53. The trees are not cut down. After each pollarding, waste wood is burnt and ash spread around trees, and crops planted.
- 54. These trees show about one year’s growth, and the land around is still being cropped.
- 55. After two years of cropping, the land and trees are left to regenerate for another six years.
- 56. After four years it looks like completely abandoned farm land, but it is actually under a careful management system
- 57. The Angami valley is unique in Nagaland. In all other tribes, nearly all of the trees have been cleared and the land farmed conventionally
- 58. The Juhm system extends beyond the terraces, up the open valley sides
- 59. Farming on the hillsides is not as easy or as productive as in the terraces.
- 60. Where undergrowth is cleared on hillsides, steps are taken to stop open soil erosion.
- 61. Livestock, semi-wild cattle, are confined to the hillsides above the arable fields. They are brought into the village for slaughter. Every household also has a pig. Nagas eat anything that moves…
- 62. Kohima market is not for the faint hearted, (such as me) These eels come from the terraced fields. I didn’t ask where the wriggly black things with a million little legs came from
- 63. But do go to Nagaland, it is wonderful and welcoming.