Effective access to justice services is a crucial determinant of inclusive growth, citizen well-being and sound public administration. When citizens' legal needs remain unmet, it can contribute to reduced income, housing loss, stress, or employment issues. The inability to resolve these problems diminishes economic opportunity, reinforces the poverty trap and undermines human potential.
Through measurement, reviews, the identification of good practices and policy dialogue, the OECD seeks to better understand, track and help to improve effective access to justice. Our work in this area is an essential component for the successful attainment of Sustainable Development Goal 16 - to promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all.
For further information see: www.oecd.org/gov/access-to-justice.htm
Natural Resource Federalism: Considerations for Myanmar 23 JANUARY 2018MYO AUNG Myanmar
Myanmar is undergoing political, economic and social transitions. Peace negotiations involving the government, military and ethnic armed groups have led to an agreement—in principle—to move towards a federal union. This could have major implications for natural resource governance. Historically, national institutions have primarily been responsible for managing the country’s resources. However, demands for more subnational control are widespread.
https://resourcegovernance.org/analysis-tools/publications/natural-resource-federalism-considerations-myanmar
Natural Resource Federalism: Considerations for Myanmar
23 JANUARY 2018
https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/documents/federalism-considerations-form-myanmar.pdf
https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/documents/federalism-summary-myanmar.pdf
https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/documents/federalism-considerations-for-myanmar-summary.pdf
Natural Resource Federalism:
Considerations for Myanmar
Andrew Bauer, Natalie Kirk and Sebastian Sahla
with contributions from Khin Saw Htay, Ko Ko Lwin and Paul Shortell
https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/documents/natural-resource-federalism-considerations-for-myanmar-myanmar-language.pdf
https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/documents/natural-resource-federalism-infobooklet-myanmar-language.pdf
In international development, good governance is a subjective term that describes how public institutions conduct public affairs and manage public resources in a preferred way.
Natural Resource Federalism: Considerations for Myanmar 23 JANUARY 2018MYO AUNG Myanmar
Myanmar is undergoing political, economic and social transitions. Peace negotiations involving the government, military and ethnic armed groups have led to an agreement—in principle—to move towards a federal union. This could have major implications for natural resource governance. Historically, national institutions have primarily been responsible for managing the country’s resources. However, demands for more subnational control are widespread.
https://resourcegovernance.org/analysis-tools/publications/natural-resource-federalism-considerations-myanmar
Natural Resource Federalism: Considerations for Myanmar
23 JANUARY 2018
https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/documents/federalism-considerations-form-myanmar.pdf
https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/documents/federalism-summary-myanmar.pdf
https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/documents/federalism-considerations-for-myanmar-summary.pdf
Natural Resource Federalism:
Considerations for Myanmar
Andrew Bauer, Natalie Kirk and Sebastian Sahla
with contributions from Khin Saw Htay, Ko Ko Lwin and Paul Shortell
https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/documents/natural-resource-federalism-considerations-for-myanmar-myanmar-language.pdf
https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/documents/natural-resource-federalism-infobooklet-myanmar-language.pdf
In international development, good governance is a subjective term that describes how public institutions conduct public affairs and manage public resources in a preferred way.
This PPT deals with following:-
good governance, origin of good governance, good governance day in India, nature/characteristics of good governance, significance of good governance, challenges for good governance, citizen charter, origin of citizen charter, citizen's charter in India,
Good Governance : Origin, concepts and componentsNayana Renukumar
The presentation speaks about the origin of Good Governance, its major definitions, key components and strategies. The presentations also dwells upon the Good Governance scenario in India as well that in the state of Andhra Pradesh
These constitution-building primers
are intended to assist in-country
constitution-building or constitutionalreform
processes by: (i) helping
citizens, political parties, civil society
organizations, public officials and
members of constituent assemblies, to
make wise constitutional choices; and
(ii) helping staff of intergovernmental
organizations and other external
actors to give good, well-informed
and context-relevant support to local
decision-makers. The primers are
designed as an introduction for nonspecialist
readers, and as a convenient
aide-memoire for those with prior
knowledge or experience of constitutionbuilding.
Arranged thematically
around the practical choices faced by
constitution-builders, the primers aim
to explain complex issues in a quick and
easy way.
Good Governance leads to flourishing Society and Nation - Indian PerspectiveSaurabh Gupta
Good Governance leads to flourishing Society and Nation - Indian Perspective
Contents
1. Problems faced by society due toBad Governance
2. What is good governance
3. Pillars of Good Governance
4. What is good about Good Governance?
5. Who is responsible forGood Governance?
6. Good Governance Strategies - India
7. Good Governance Initiatives in India
8. Good Governance – Implications for Indian civil servants
9. Positive effects of Good Governance
Note: Many thanks to my team members for making this ppt possible.
IGAD: Establishment And Functions of IGAD Based on one of regional integratio...fasil12
Conclusions
The Intergovernmental Authority on
Development (IGAD) in Eastern Africa was
created in 1996 to supersede the
Intergovernmental Authority on Drought
and Development (IGADD) which was
founded in 1986 to mitigate the effects of
the recurring severe droughts and other
natural disasters that resulted in widespread
famine, ecological degradation and
economic hardship in the region. Using the
theory the paper argues that since the
decisions and activities of IGAD are still
being controlled by member states liberal
inter-governmentalism remains the suitable
framework for analysis. The IGAD
community achieved success at a number of
specific sectors, but still the regional
integration efforts in the IGAD region have
been weak due to many challenges
confronting member countries.
Good governance is the principle used in Management of government organizations as a means to improve the quality of development in the region. Good governance means a participatory form of governance that operates in a responsible, accountable and transparent manner, based on the principles of efficiency, legality and consensus to advance the rights of individual citizens and the public interest. Good governance means ensuring fairness, empowerment, employment and efficient service delivery. This research aims to Analysis of good governance and its pillars. Supriya Kumari "Good Governance and Its Pillars" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47535.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/47535/good-governance-and-its-pillars/supriya-kumari
This presentation is about good governance and bad governance in Bangladesh. This presentation also include the definition of governance, good governance and government.
An Introductory presentation regarding Corporate Accountability in Canada, specifically regarding the mining industry. #openforjustice, the basis for Corporate Accountability and recent cases are discussed.
This PPT deals with following:-
good governance, origin of good governance, good governance day in India, nature/characteristics of good governance, significance of good governance, challenges for good governance, citizen charter, origin of citizen charter, citizen's charter in India,
Good Governance : Origin, concepts and componentsNayana Renukumar
The presentation speaks about the origin of Good Governance, its major definitions, key components and strategies. The presentations also dwells upon the Good Governance scenario in India as well that in the state of Andhra Pradesh
These constitution-building primers
are intended to assist in-country
constitution-building or constitutionalreform
processes by: (i) helping
citizens, political parties, civil society
organizations, public officials and
members of constituent assemblies, to
make wise constitutional choices; and
(ii) helping staff of intergovernmental
organizations and other external
actors to give good, well-informed
and context-relevant support to local
decision-makers. The primers are
designed as an introduction for nonspecialist
readers, and as a convenient
aide-memoire for those with prior
knowledge or experience of constitutionbuilding.
Arranged thematically
around the practical choices faced by
constitution-builders, the primers aim
to explain complex issues in a quick and
easy way.
Good Governance leads to flourishing Society and Nation - Indian PerspectiveSaurabh Gupta
Good Governance leads to flourishing Society and Nation - Indian Perspective
Contents
1. Problems faced by society due toBad Governance
2. What is good governance
3. Pillars of Good Governance
4. What is good about Good Governance?
5. Who is responsible forGood Governance?
6. Good Governance Strategies - India
7. Good Governance Initiatives in India
8. Good Governance – Implications for Indian civil servants
9. Positive effects of Good Governance
Note: Many thanks to my team members for making this ppt possible.
IGAD: Establishment And Functions of IGAD Based on one of regional integratio...fasil12
Conclusions
The Intergovernmental Authority on
Development (IGAD) in Eastern Africa was
created in 1996 to supersede the
Intergovernmental Authority on Drought
and Development (IGADD) which was
founded in 1986 to mitigate the effects of
the recurring severe droughts and other
natural disasters that resulted in widespread
famine, ecological degradation and
economic hardship in the region. Using the
theory the paper argues that since the
decisions and activities of IGAD are still
being controlled by member states liberal
inter-governmentalism remains the suitable
framework for analysis. The IGAD
community achieved success at a number of
specific sectors, but still the regional
integration efforts in the IGAD region have
been weak due to many challenges
confronting member countries.
Good governance is the principle used in Management of government organizations as a means to improve the quality of development in the region. Good governance means a participatory form of governance that operates in a responsible, accountable and transparent manner, based on the principles of efficiency, legality and consensus to advance the rights of individual citizens and the public interest. Good governance means ensuring fairness, empowerment, employment and efficient service delivery. This research aims to Analysis of good governance and its pillars. Supriya Kumari "Good Governance and Its Pillars" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47535.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/47535/good-governance-and-its-pillars/supriya-kumari
This presentation is about good governance and bad governance in Bangladesh. This presentation also include the definition of governance, good governance and government.
An Introductory presentation regarding Corporate Accountability in Canada, specifically regarding the mining industry. #openforjustice, the basis for Corporate Accountability and recent cases are discussed.
Intervento di Federico Rossi - strategic planner Sintesi Comunicazione - al 69mo congresso ATI Associazione Termotecnica Italiana di Milano - 11 settembre 2014
The future of Slovenia - Katja Lautar, SloveniaOECD Governance
This presentation was made by Katja Lautar, Slovenia, at the 12th Annual Meeting of OECD-CESEE Senior Budget Officials held in Ljubljana, Slovenia, on 28-29 June 2016
Over 38,000 people have taken the Gross National Happiness Index and over 120 cities, communities and campuses are using the Gross National Happiness. They have their happiness scores and are asking - now what? The Happiness Data Playbook offers ideas for policy makers and community activists to use the data for the happiness, sustainability and wellbeing of all. Inspired by the World Happiness Report, Legatum Institute Wellbeing and Policy report, and other documents, this document includes links to examples and resources.
Overfishing of the Ocean Essay Example StudyHippo.com. Opinion essay - The causes and effects of overfishing. - Guided writing .... Overfishing paper - Science 101 Lab Essay - What is overfishing and .... quot;Overfishing: Killer of the Oceansquot;. The World Oceans Pollution and Overfishing - 1695 Words Essay Example. Podocnemis Lewyana: Habitat Loss, Overfishing and Pollution - 343 Words .... The effects of overfishing Essay Example Topics and Well Written .... By-catch overfishing regulations and recovery - PHDessay.com. PDF End Overfishing and Increase the Resilience of the Ocean to .... Economical and Environmental Consequences of Overfishing Essay. Sample Essay on Overfishing and the World Ocean. Writing Task 2 Problems and Solutions PDF Overfishing Essays. PPT - Overfishing PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID:2668070. Overfishing solution essay - sncedirect.web.fc2.com. Overfishing Aquascript. Over Fishing by Sameerah Osman. The impact of overfishing on the economy, ecosystem and social life .... The Effects of Overfishing on Oceans Essay Example Topics and Well .... Persuasive Essay On Overfishing PPT. Overfishing infographic Harmful methods of fishing KarBel. PDF Ecosystem Overfishing in the Ocean. Overfishing term paper Research paper, Term paper, Question paper. Overfishing Essay Storyboard by ffa354e6. Over Fishing, Problems and Solutions Essay Sample StudyHippo.com. Bestessayservices.com: Sample Geology Essay on Overfishing- Free Essays .... 50 Shocking Statistics on Overfishing You Must Know - 2024 Overfishing Essay Overfishing Essay
Disclosure of information about government actions and spending puts government and public officials under the constant watch of the public, allowing them to track what resources are spent, who contracts are awarded to and so on.
When designing proactive disclosure systems or voluntary disclosure has five principles governments should follow. Information needs to be: available, findable, comprehensible, low cost or free, up-to-date and relevant.
There are 6 types of causes of Organizational Conflict. Interdepronnag9bkla
There are 6 types of causes of Organizational Conflict. Interdependence, difference in power, status, and culture, organizational ambiguity, competition for scarce resources, drive for autonomy, and bifurcation of submit interests. Competition for Scarce Resources is about the battle line between individuals and when their own goals conflict with others due to scarce resources. Organizations have limited budgets, personnel, equipment, and other resources to give to individuals therefore, conflicts arise. This type of conflict can range from disrespect to intentional sabotage. Patrol officers normally feel exploited and become very cynical normally because they feel like they have been denied resources therefore, they cannot do their job. “As competition for scarce resources increases, cities are turning toward marketing strategies to attract economic and social development. Innovation is a key component of success for destination marketing organizations (DMOs), but there is a need for additional empirical and theoretical development. Findings from this research based on analysis of interviews with 12 DMO leaders illuminate the need for (1) an innovation-centered organizational culture, (2) the ability to use external stakeholders as knowledge sources, and (3) the ability to use and develop knowledge internally” (Daspit, Zavattaro, 2016). To handle this issue a leader would have to step in and sort out all resources equally among everyone, from top to bottom, no matter what rank the individual is. This would help make everyone equal and give everyone a chance.
Chronic health issues have a high effect on the cost of operating in the criminal justice organization. This will always be a need that one will have in system. A way to lower the cost of the individuals care is to get a hospital help. The hospital can then get tax credits for taking in that prison/jail. This way not only is the hospital doing something for the community, but they are getting a tax break. Who doesn’t like tax breaks? Another way that the criminal justice organization can help with the chronic health issues with the costs is helping prisoners get health care. Finding a way to get them health care approved. “Healthcare coverage rates among released prisoners may be improving with the roll-out of the Affordable Care Act (ACA).[6,7] The ACA provides several mechanisms to increase healthcare coverage. Two primary mechanisms include tax credits to help middle-income persons purchase private insurance through the state or federal "marketplaces" and the expansion of Medicaid eligibility criteria. Whereas Medicaid traditionally served impoverished adults who were aged, disabled, or had dependents, the ACA expanded criteria to provide coverage to low-income adults regardless of disability or dependents” (Grodensky, Holley, Rosen. 2016). If we make sure individuals in system have health care then some if not most of their bills would be covered which would then lower the cost of ...
FreshStartXX - Blueprint for a Revolution in Personal Health Management Shapi...David Wortley
FreshStartXX - A Blueprint for a Revolution in Personal Health Management Shaping a Future Society
What is FreshStartXX ?
FreshStartXX is an innovative product, infrastructure and set of services with the following attributes :-
• A smart loyalty card with incentives for healthy behaviours and improvements in key health indices
• An innovative social contract between citizens and society
• An exclusive health club that is open to everyone committed to health improvement
• An ecosystem of win-win partnerships enabled by technology and committed to health improvement
• A model for crowd-sourced personal healthcare
• A Personalised Health Navigation System
• A National Competition for Personal Healthcare Improvement
• A strong brand with a clear mission for addressing global challenges
• The largest Gamification project in history
• A commercially sustainable social initiative
• A new organizational model combining traditional hierarchical with new network structures
• A lean and agile start up organization acting as a catalyst for quantum behavioural change
• An international franchise opportunity
• A large scale nation building initiative
• A national programme of personal health management initiatives
The “Definitions of Empowerment” represents a collaborative effort, made possible by the answers received from people all over the world on the Empowerment theme. Their invaluable contributions were essential for the preparation of the Empowerment Publication.
In order to collect people’s ideas and experiences, the Division for Social Policy and Development (DSPD) of UNDESA launched an on-line survey on “Promoting Empowerment of People”.
1. This weeks written activity is a three- part activity. You wilTatianaMajor22
1. This week's written activity is a three- part activity. You will respond to three separate prompts but prepare your paper as one research paper. Be sure to include at least one UC library source per prompt, in addition to your textbook (which means you'll have at least 4 sources cited).
Start your paper with an introductory paragraph.
Prompt 1 "Data Warehouse Architecture" (2-3 pages): Explain the major components of a data warehouse architecture, including the various forms of data transformations needed to prepare data for a data warehouse. Also, describe in your own words current key trends in data warehousing.
Prompt 2 "Big Data" (2-3 pages): Describe your understanding of big data and give an example of how you’ve seen big data used either personally or professionally. In your view, what demands is big data placing on organizations and data management technology?
Prompt 3 “Green Computing” (2-3 pages): One of our topics in Chapter 13 surrounds IT Green Computing. The need for green computing is becoming more obvious considering the amount of power needed to drive our computers, servers, routers, switches, and data centers. Discuss ways in which organizations can make their data centers “green”. In your discussion, find an example of an organization that has already implemented IT green computing strategies successfully. Discuss that organization and share your link. You can find examples in the UC Library.
Conclude your paper with a detailed conclusion section.
The paper needs to be approximately 7-10 pages long, including both a title page and a references page (for a total of 9-12 pages). Be sure to use proper APA formatting and citations to avoid plagiarism.
Your paper should meet the following requirements:
• Be approximately seven to ten pages in length, not including the required cover page and reference page.
• Follow APA7 guidelines. Your paper should include an introduction, a body with fully developed content, and a conclusion.
• Support your answers with the readings from the course, the course textbook, and at least three scholarly journal articles to support your positions, claims, and observations, in addition to your textbook. The UC Library is a great place to find supplemental resources.
• Be clearly and well-written, concise, and logical, using excellent grammar and style techniques. You are being graded in part on the quality of your writing.
The ‘S’ in ESG gains currency
-Gender equality and human rights are benchmarkers for companies
-Inequality in wages lead to lesser economic output which can lower GDP by 10%-30%
-Gender equality needs to be larger than wage gap (maternity/paternity leave, career advancement, and go beyond legal minimums)
-Gender equality leads to outperforming competition
-COVID-19 has brought these social issues to light
Why Diversity and Inclusion Matters
The more diverse companies (gender and ethnic diversity) are now more likely than ever to outperform less diverse peer ...
Comments and suggestion on Zero-Draft-Public-Consultations-FOC-Donor-Principl...Shreedeep Rayamajhi
Comments and suggestion on Zero-Draft-Public-Consultations-FOC-Donor-Principles-for-Human-Rights-in-the-Digital-Age by Shreedeep Rayamajhi.
Call for Submissions to the FOC 'Donor Principles for Human Rights in the Digital Age'
In 2023, under the United States’ Chairship of the Freedom Online Coalition (FOC) and in line with the activities outlined in the 2023 Program of Action, the FOC aims to increase ties between FOC multilateral policy development and country-level development activities. In pursuit of this effort, the United States and Canada have revitalised the FOC Funding Coordination Group (FCG) - a multinational and multistakeholder coordination, strategic planning, and global norms setting mechanism focused on bridging foreign policymaking and international development.
Recognising the need for a clear normative framework to guide donors to help ensure that foreign assistance in the digital space advances, rather than undermines, democratic values and respect for human rights, the ‘Donor Principles for Human Rights in the Digital Age’ will fill this gap by establishing the normative basis for foreign assistance in the digital realm.
Summary of the OECD expert meeting: Construction Risk Management in Infrastru...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
Using AI led assurance to deliver projects on time and on budget - D. Amratia...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
ECI in Sweden - A. Kadefors, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (SE)OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
Building Client Capability to Deliver Megaprojects - J. Denicol, professor at...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
Procurement strategy in major infrastructure: The AS-IS and STEPS - D. Makovš...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
Procurement of major infrastructure projects 2017-22 - B. Hasselgren, Senior ...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
ECI Dutch Experience - A. Chao, Partner, Bird&Bird & J. de Koning, Head of Co...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
ECI in Sweden - A. Kadefors, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, StockholmOECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
EPEC's perception of market developments - E. Farquharson, Principal Adviser,...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
Geographical scope of the lines in Design and Build - B.Dupuis, Executive Dir...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
Executive Agency of the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
Presentation of OECD Government at a Glance 2023OECD Governance
Paris, 30 June, 2023
Presentation by Elsa Pilichowski, Director for Public Governance, OECD.
The 2023 edition of Government at a Glance provides a comprehensive overview of public governance and public administration practices in OECD Member and partner countries. It includes indicators on trust in public institutions and satisfaction with public services, as well as evidence on good governance practices in areas such as the policy cycle, budgeting, procurement, infrastructure planning and delivery, regulatory governance, digital government and open government data. Finally, it provides information on what resources public institutions use and how they are managed, including public finances, public employment, and human resources management. Government at a Glance allows for cross-country comparisons and helps identify trends, best practices, and areas for improvement in the public sector.
See: https://www.oecd.org/publication/government-at-a-glance/2023/
The Protection and Promotion of Civic Space: Strengthening Alignment with Int...OECD Governance
Infographics from the OECD report "The Protection and Promotion of Civic Space Strengthening Alignment with International Standards and Guidance".
See: https://www.oecd.org/gov/the-protection-and-promotion-of-civic-space-d234e975-en.htm
OECD Publication "Building Financial Resilience
to Climate Impacts. A Framework for Governments to manage the risks of Losses and Damages.
Governments are facing significant climate-related risks from the expected increase in frequency and intensity of cyclones, floods, fires, and other climate-related extreme events. The report Building Financial Resilience to Climate Impacts: A Framework for Governments to Manage the Risks of Losses and Damages provides a strategic framework to help governments, particularly those in emerging market and developing economies, strengthen their capacity to manage the financial implications of climate-related risks. Published in December 2022.
OECD presentation "Strengthening climate and environmental considerations in infrastructure and budget appraisal tools"
by Margaux Lelong and Ana Maria Ruiz during the 9th Meeting of the OECD Paris Collaborative on Green Budgeting held on 17 and 18 of April 2023 in Paris.
OECD presentation "Building Financial Resilience to Climate Impacts. A Framework to Manage the Risks of Losses and Damages" by Andrew Blazey, Stéphane Jacobzone and Titouan Chassagne. Presented during the 9th Meeting of the OECD Paris Collaborative on Green Budgeting held on 17 and 18 of April 2023 in Paris
OECD Presentation "Financial reporting, sustainability information and assurance" by Peter Welch during the 5th Session during the 9th Meeting of the OECD Paris Collaborative on Green Budgeting held on 17 and 18 of April 2023 in Paris
Presentation "Developments in sovereign green bond markets" by Ms. Fatos Koc during the 4th Session of 9th Meeting of the OECD Paris Collaborative on Green Budgeting held on 17 and 18 of April 2023 in Paris.
In 2020, the Ministry of Home Affairs established a committee led by Prof. (Dr.) Ranbir Singh, former Vice Chancellor of National Law University (NLU), Delhi. This committee was tasked with reviewing the three codes of criminal law. The primary objective of the committee was to propose comprehensive reforms to the country’s criminal laws in a manner that is both principled and effective.
The committee’s focus was on ensuring the safety and security of individuals, communities, and the nation as a whole. Throughout its deliberations, the committee aimed to uphold constitutional values such as justice, dignity, and the intrinsic value of each individual. Their goal was to recommend amendments to the criminal laws that align with these values and priorities.
Subsequently, in February, the committee successfully submitted its recommendations regarding amendments to the criminal law. These recommendations are intended to serve as a foundation for enhancing the current legal framework, promoting safety and security, and upholding the constitutional principles of justice, dignity, and the inherent worth of every individual.
ALL EYES ON RAFAH BUT WHY Explain more.pdf46adnanshahzad
All eyes on Rafah: But why?. The Rafah border crossing, a crucial point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip, often finds itself at the center of global attention. As we explore the significance of Rafah, we’ll uncover why all eyes are on Rafah and the complexities surrounding this pivotal region.
INTRODUCTION
What makes Rafah so significant that it captures global attention? The phrase ‘All eyes are on Rafah’ resonates not just with those in the region but with people worldwide who recognize its strategic, humanitarian, and political importance. In this guide, we will delve into the factors that make Rafah a focal point for international interest, examining its historical context, humanitarian challenges, and political dimensions.
DNA Testing in Civil and Criminal Matters.pptxpatrons legal
Get insights into DNA testing and its application in civil and criminal matters. Find out how it contributes to fair and accurate legal proceedings. For more information: https://www.patronslegal.com/criminal-litigation.html
Responsibilities of the office bearers while registering multi-state cooperat...Finlaw Consultancy Pvt Ltd
Introduction-
The process of register multi-state cooperative society in India is governed by the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002. This process requires the office bearers to undertake several crucial responsibilities to ensure compliance with legal and regulatory frameworks. The key office bearers typically include the President, Secretary, and Treasurer, along with other elected members of the managing committee. Their responsibilities encompass administrative, legal, and financial duties essential for the successful registration and operation of the society.
Introducing New Government Regulation on Toll Road.pdfAHRP Law Firm
For nearly two decades, Government Regulation Number 15 of 2005 on Toll Roads ("GR No. 15/2005") has served as the cornerstone of toll road legislation. However, with the emergence of various new developments and legal requirements, the Government has enacted Government Regulation Number 23 of 2024 on Toll Roads to replace GR No. 15/2005. This new regulation introduces several provisions impacting toll business entities and toll road users. Find out more out insights about this topic in our Legal Brief publication.
Military Commissions details LtCol Thomas Jasper as Detailed Defense CounselThomas (Tom) Jasper
Military Commissions Trial Judiciary, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Notice of the Chief Defense Counsel's detailing of LtCol Thomas F. Jasper, Jr. USMC, as Detailed Defense Counsel for Abd Al Hadi Al-Iraqi on 6 August 2014 in the case of United States v. Hadi al Iraqi (10026)
A "File Trademark" is a legal term referring to the registration of a unique symbol, logo, or name used to identify and distinguish products or services. This process provides legal protection, granting exclusive rights to the trademark owner, and helps prevent unauthorized use by competitors.
Visit Now: https://www.tumblr.com/trademark-quick/751620857551634432/ensure-legal-protection-file-your-trademark-with?source=share
2. 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WHY ACCESS TO JUSTICE?......................................................................................................................................... 2
Link to The Sustainable Development Goals.............................................................................................................................................................3
Links to Inclusive Growth ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................5
WHAT ARE THE BARRIERS TO ACCESSING JUSTICE? ......................................................................... 7
HOW CAN PEOPLE-FOCUSED ACCESS TO JUSTICE BE IMPLEMENTED?............................. 9
Understanding and Measuring Legal Needs..............................................................................................................................................................9
Understanding Justice Pathways........................................................................................................................................................................................11
Examples of People-focused innovations in Access to justice ..............................................................................................................12
TYPES OF LEGAL EMPOWERMENT INTERVENTIONS ........................................................................13
Impact of selected legal empowerment initiatives..........................................................................................................................................14
KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONSIDERATION......................................................................................................19
BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................................................................................20
3. 2
WHY ACCESS TO JUSTICE?
Access to justice is integral to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
and inclusive growth. An estimated four billion people around the world live outside
the protection of the law, mostly because they are poor or marginalized within their
societies. They can be easily cheated by employers, driven from their land, preyed upon
by the powerful and intimidated by
violence. The lack of legal accountability
allows local corruption to undermine
economies, diverting resources from
where they are needed the most. Lengthy
delays in processing legal cases inhibit
individual economic activity, while the
inability to enforce contracts deters people from entering into them. Overcrowded
prisons are full of poor people waiting months or even years for a first trial, forced to
give up work opportunities and unable to support their families. Women, who often
face multiple forms of discrimination, violence and sexual harassment, are particularly
affected by legal exclusion. Addressing these legal challenges will be essential to
enable the basic protection of human rights, from protection of property to legal
identity and freedom from violence.
4 billion people around the
world live outside the protection of the
law, mostly because they are poor or
marginalized within their societies.
4. 3
Legal empowerment—the ability of people to understand and use the law for
themselves—enables even those who are most marginalized to achieve justice, meet
their basic needs, hold authorities to account, protect their interests and participate in
economic activities in an inclusive manner.
LINK TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
In September 2015, member states of the
United Nations made an important
breakthrough by agreeing on a Sustainable
Development Goal (SDG) 16.3: “Promote the rule
of law at the national and international levels and
ensure equal access to justice for all”, which
recognizes the intrinsic links between access to
justice, poverty reduction and inclusive growth.
The SDGs provide a unique opportunity to reflect
on how national governments can ensure that
economic growth, development, and poverty
reduction strategies integrate equal access to
justice and legal empowerment initiatives, as
integral elements necessary to achieve these
objectives.
Access to justice, as well as being a central element of SDG 16, is crucial to
implementing many of the other SDGs, such as eradicating poverty and hunger (SDG
1 and SDG 2). It gives farmers and other agrarian communities the tools they need to
improve their tenure security, which has been shown to lead to more productive
investment. Similarly, the ability to access and enforce regulatory frameworks helps to
determine whether contracts and labor and environmental standards — critical for fair
development outcomes — are respected in practice. In the Philippines, for example,
survey results by the Asian Development
Bank showed that in communities with
legal support, regulatory reforms resulted
in residents with higher levels of
productivity, higher income, more
disposable income, and more investment
in their farms.
Women, who often face
multiple forms of discrimination, violence
and sexual harassment, are particularly
affected by legal exclusion.
Source : UN
5. 4
Access to justice and legal empowerment help translate legal guarantees of gender
equality into real improvements in the daily lives of women (SDG 5) by supporting
women in protecting themselves from domestic violence, sharing in benefits from
natural resources, retaining control over loans taken out in their name, and accessing
inheritance or property upon divorce. In Bangladesh, providing access to justice for
women reduced the illegal practice of dowry payment and increased women’s cash
savings for emergencies, compared to other communities without legal help,
according to the Asian Development Bank.
Source : Adapted from UN
6. 5
Justice and governance can also help preserve the environment (SDG 14 and SDG 15).
A global study in 2009 of 80 forest areas found a correlation between local rule-making
about forest management and high carbon storage and other livelihood benefits, such
as increased firewood, fodder, fertilizer, and timber available to meet basic subsistence
needs of local users. According to the survey, when local users are insecure in their
rights, they consume more forest products; but when their tenure rights are secure,
they conserve biomass and use their forest commons in a more sustainable manner.
Access to legal help can help communities to secure rights over common land, giving
them more control over their livelihoods and greater incentives to preserve their
environment. A number of OECD countries — for example, the United Kingdom,
Australia, and New
Zealand — seek to
increase access to justice
by clustering
administrative tribunals
on related subjects
matters (e.g.
environmental and land
use planning); in
providing “one window
access”, they increase
efficiencies as well as
improve environmental
outcomes.
LINKS TO INCLUSIVE GROWTH
The law underlies nearly every aspect of people’s lives, including health, employment,
education, housing, and entrepreneurship. In many countries, unequal access to and
discrimination in these sectors create real barriers to economic participation, especially
for traditionally marginalized populations (youth, the elderly, women, migrants).
However, these sectors depend upon legal frameworks for their operations and
legitimacy. Providing people access to justice enables them to tackle these
inequalities, and to participate in legal processes that promote inclusive growth.
Source : Civil Service India (n.d.)
7. 6
The inability to access legal and justice services can be both a result and a cause of
poverty. People who are more
vulnerable to social exclusion
typically report more justice
problems than other groups.
Furthermore, as legal problems tend
to trigger and cluster with other
legal and non-legal problems, these
same groups appear to experience
an increased rate of non-legal
challenges as well. Data show that
legal problems spark other
problems, thus contributing to a
cycle of decline which inhibits
economic productivity. Source : Adapted from Tyler T. et al. (2011)
8. 7
WHAT ARE THE BARRIERS TO ACCESSING JUSTICE?
Many economic, structural, and institutional factors hinder access to justice, including
the complexity and cost of legal processes, time, and geographical and physical
constraints. Importantly, many people — especially those in vulnerable and
marginalized groups — neither recognize their problems as legal ones, nor identify the
potential legal remedies for those problems. Cost, including opportunity cost, and trust
in the justice system are also important factors in determining whether or not people
seek legal assistance, or take action at all, to resolve their legal problems.
10. 9
HOW CAN PEOPLE-FOCUSED ACCESS TO JUSTICE BE IMPLEMENTED?
UNDERSTANDING AND MEASURING LEGAL NEEDS
To design appropriate solutions to local justice problems, governments must start with
an effective understanding of its population’s legal needs and experiences in accessing
justice. Understanding these legal needs requires a focus on outcomes – i.e., the ability
of people to address their legal needs in a fair, cost efficient, timely and effective
manner. Today, more than 37 countries rely on national legal needs surveys to
determine baseline data for understanding their people’s legal problems. By 2017, the
World Justice Project will conduct legal needs surveys in more than 100 countries. The
data gathered through this type of approach will be invaluable in mapping the gaps
in delivering justice so that governments can plan and implement national
development strategies that meet national needs.
11. 10
As the majority of injustices faced by people today involve civil rather than criminal
matters, national measurements of justice must go beyond criminal justice. In
Colombia, a 2013 survey established that approximately 40% of the population had
had a legal issue in the preceding four years, with fraud, theft, access to public services,
and housing the most common problems. In the United States, an ABA study of low-
and moderate-income households revealed that nearly half of all households had had
at least one legal need in the preceding 12 months, with the most common issues
personal finance, consumer issues, and
housing and property. Legal needs surveys
also demonstrate how people typically
seek to solve their justice problems
without relying on formal justice systems.
In Ukraine, a 2010 survey found that
respondents with a legal problem most commonly first pursued direct negotiation
with the other party, and then sought resolution with government authorities. Only
nine percent actively sought a remedy in court. As such, effective measurement of
progress on SDG 16.3 must look at people’s experiences of resolving a justice dispute,
rather than administrative data on cases processed.
By 2017, the World Justice
Project will conduct legal needs surveys
in more than 100 countries.
Source : Adapted from Community Advocacy & Legal Centre (2016)
12. 11
UNDERSTANDING JUSTICE PATHWAYS
Although courts in formal justice systems are critical for access to justice and the rule
of law, relatively few legal problems are resolved through the court system or even
through formal alternative dispute resolution processes. When faced with legal
problems, people will often turn to non-court based processes, and even non-legal
services. Income, distance, personal capability and the manner in which services are
made available are key factors that influence people's use of legal and other services.
In the area of criminal justice, some countries with few qualified lawyers have placed
paralegals in communities to educate rural populations about their rights when a
family or community member has been arrested and imprisoned. Paralegals offer free
basic legal advice to vulnerable
groups and help the latter navigate
the complexities of the criminal
justice system. Without the
intervention of paralegals, people
would stand a much higher risk of
being wrongfully imprisoned, often
for extended periods of time, or exposed to ill-treatment by police or to corruption
before their case is re solved. Furthermore, formalizing paralegalism in such places is
a low-cost way for justice ministries to provide access to justice for economically
marginalized groups. Globally, the use of pre-trial detention, and its impact on
economic prospects for individuals and communities.
Formalizing paralegalism
is a low-cost way for justice ministries to provide
access to justice for economically marginalized
groups.
Source : OECD (2016)
13. 12
EXAMPLES OF PEOPLE-FOCUSED INNOVATIONS IN ACCESS TO JUSTICE
In the broader context, many countries are modernizing approaches to providing
legal assistance and justice services to respond to a range of day-to-day legal needs:
• Legal empowerment interventions. Legal empowerment is designed to give
people the power to know and use the law, and is one of the most effective and
responsive methods for achieving access to justice. Legally empowered, even poor
and marginalized people are able to make the law work in their own interests,
achieving meaningful solutions to concrete injustices. It emphasizes a people-
centric approach to justice by highlighting the priorities of individuals and
communities in using the law to
advance and protect their interests.
Often this involves a combination
of lawyers and paralegals, formal
and informal justice systems,
information sharing and
community-driven participation.
Legal empowerment is
designed to give people the power to know
and use the law, and is one of the most
effective and responsive methods for
achieving access to justice.
14. 13
TYPES OF LEGAL EMPOWERMENT INTERVENTIONS
The Asian Development Bank identifies three orders of legal empowerment
interventions:
• First-order interventions include basic legal awareness-raising, or “legal
literacy” work to educate the public about legal rights and obligations,
institutional structures of the legal system, and specific mechanisms that
marginalized groups can use to advance their interests. This can include
print, broadcast and internet media, informational flyers, pamphlets and
posters, radio and TV outreach, dramatic performances and digital tools.
• Second-order interventions focus on resolving legal problems and
administrative challenges that are faced by marginalized groups.
Interventions are community-driven and provide both formal and informal
legal services, including mediation. Paralegals are a key mechanism for
implementation at this level, as they are able to address informal/formal
divides, understand local context, are cost-effective and responsive to local
community needs.
• Third-order interventions are designed to affect policy constraints and
systemic factors that shape the circumstances in which legal problems arise.
They target persisting inequitable power relations that continually
marginalize the poor. Activities include public interest litigation, policy and
law reform advocacy, legislation drafting, administrative advocacy, justice
system reform and corruption monitoring.
15. 14
IMPACT OF SELECTED LEGAL EMPOWERMENT INITIATIVES
A legal empowerment approach to access to justice has resulted in well-targeted
and effective outcomes in a range of geographies:
• In Indonesia, a local NGO used female paralegals to expand understanding
about rights and entitlements in female-headed households. Alongside
international partners, the NGO supported government reforms of state and
religious justice institutions by raising awareness and assisting with women's
cases, contributing to a fourfold increase in the number of women able to access
circuit courts the following year.
• In Ecuador, the World Bank evaluated five legal service centers focused on
enforcing child support payments for poor women and reducing domestic
violence. The study found that the centers’ clients seeking child support were
20% more likely to succeed than those without access to legal aid. They were
also 17% less likely to experience physical violence after separation from their
partners.
• In India, filing claims under the Right to Information Act (RTIA) has helped New
Delhi’s slum dwellers to obtain ration cards for subsidized foodstuffs. A Yale
University study found that 94% of ration card applicants who filed RTIA inquiries
into the status of their application received their cards within a year. Only 21%
of those who did not file a claim received their cards.
• In Sierra Leone, extended or unlawful pretrial detention damages the prosperity
and health of prisoners and their families. An Oxford University study showed
that a program placing paralegals in prisons to provide free legal services has
reduced the numbers of prisoners held on remand by 20% and increased the
percentage gaining access to bail by 13%. Moreover, only two paralegals placed
at each police station managed to provide basic legal advice to 70% of
detainees.
16. 15
• Facilitating a continuum of legal assistance and justice services. Many countries
are shifting strategies toward access to legal services and justice as a continuum of
services: access to understandable legal information, to legal representation, to
appropriate non-legal support, and support to participate in alternative, cost-
effective mechanisms as well as to formal hearings in courts and tribunals. To
facilitate navigation across multiple justice pathways and overcome the
fragmentation of legal services, some countries are developing frontline of
community paralegals and community justice centers or one-stop shops (e.g.,
Family justice centres, le service d’accueil unique des justiciables in France; scaling
community based paralegals to be deployed in all chiefdoms in Sierra Leone) in
order to overcome the fragmentation of legal services. The recent Strategic
Technology Summits organised by the US Legal Services Corporation highlighted
case triage as one of the top six priorities for enhancing access to justice in the
United States. While still limited, many countries are expanding the scope of
coverage of legal aid to civil and administrative cases (Estonia, France, Ukraine,
Georgia, Indonesia), as well as for cases considered outside of courts by alternative
mechanisms to resolve disputes (Armenia, Germany, France, Lithuania, Switzerland
and Sierra Leone).
Source : Adapted from Finix Technologies (n.d.) and Open Law Library (2015)
17. 16
• Providing targeted, timely and appropriate legal assistance services. Targeted
services aim to ensure limited public funds are first used to assist those facing the
most severe problems and least able to otherwise access help, thus maximising
social return on investment. Targeted services also require recognition that justice
and legal needs are tied to an individual’s life circumstances (e.g., problem solving
courts dealing with drug, alcohol abuse and domestic abuse). The US
Government’s Legal Aid Interagency Roundtable, established in 2015, is a good
example of targeting national government support for justice where it is most
needed.
• Another tailored option to civil justice needs of people, used by the private and
public sector, is to “unbundle” legal services (breaking legal services down into
defined and affordable parts allowing the client to pick and choose which parts to
purchase) and provide partial legal representation or assistance, with the client
doing much of the work themselves (e.g., “self-help units” of US legal aid providers
and an online Unbundling Resource Center of the American Bar Association).
• Legal problems left unaddressed
can bring about and exacerbate
other legal and non-legal
problems, and entrench social
disadvantage. To prevent problems
occurring or escalating, early
intervention is needed, and often entails building a robust early resolution services
system and promoting basic legal skills training. The mode of service delivery,
location and level of assistance of legal services should reflect client capability and
support efficiencies by migrating users to the least expensive services that
adequately meet their needs. For example the Intereach Neighbourhood Centre
in Deniliquin, New South Wales, Australia brings together different public agencies
and private offices with the intention to reach out collectively to people in need in
a determined geographic area, which also helps to overcome geographical barriers
(broadband network initiative Australia).
Legal problems left unadressed
can bring about and exacerbate other legal
and non-legal problems, and entrench
social disadvantage.
18. 17
• New developments in technology may revolutionize legal services over the next
few decades. Many governments are increasingly putting their judicial services
online, such as Rechtwijzer 2.0 in the Netherlands, where entire cases are initiated
and decided online. The UK and
Australia are also embracing
online technology. Private online
dispute resolution systems such
as that used by eBay (which
settles 60 million disputes each year) can facilitate solutions to small problems
efficiently. Technology has also introduced automated pathways, providing simple
information to clients who answer a series of standard questions, to reduce costs
and winnow out simple cases. Despite the widespread use of 3G phones in low
and middle income countries, there is considerable under-development of mobile
applications in this area, while high income countries are moving swiftly ahead.
New developments in technology
may revolutionize legal services over the next
few decades.
Source : Adapted from Currie A. (2009)
19. 18
• New financing models, such as low-cost legal insurance (e.g. US legal services, or
Legalwise South Africa) taken out by people renting a property, or to help with
family problems. In South Africa, for example, one package offered is 84R per
month ($6USD), for use of a lawyer up to 84,000R ($6,000) per case. Cooperatives,
owned by members, offer another option for low cost fixed fee services (e.g. in the
UK) or social enterprise models to self-fund basic legal services and use of
endowments.
Source : Adapted from Australian Government (2012)
Source : OECD (2016)
20. 19
KEY QUESTIONS FOR CONSIDERATION
• How can access to justice and legal empowerment be fully integrated into national
development and inclusive growth strategies?
• How can governments shift from the more traditional focus on internal processes
of justice institutions towards helping people access justice, in order to support
effective implementation of the SDG 16.3 to “ensure equal access to justice for all”?
• What are good practices in providing people-focused, targeted and timely legal
and justice services, including legal empowerment?
• How can we take better advantage of new technology and other justice
innovations for the delivery of legal and justice services in low, middle and high
income countries?
• How can effective and credible basic justice services be delivered at scale in a
sustainable manner?
• What are innovative financing approaches in support of access to justice? How can
the private sector be better engaged, including in investing in low cost legal
services?
21. 20
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Photo Credits:
Open Society Foundations, Elisabetta Foco.