This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of two interventions - group interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-G) and creative play (CP) - on reducing depression, anxiety, and conduct problem symptoms among 314 adolescent survivors of war and displacement in northern Uganda. Adolescents were randomly assigned to one of the two intervention groups or a wait-list control group. IPT-G was found to significantly reduce depression symptoms in adolescent girls compared to the control group, but CP showed no significant effects. Neither intervention significantly improved anxiety or conduct problem scores.
Crime victim are at risk for developing PTSD. Rape trauma syndrome is also known as PTSD. PTSD is not only a veterans condition. PTSD develop after experiencing a traumatic event. Traumatic events may include child abuse, child sex abuse, sexual assault, natural disasters, accidents, or combat trauma. PTSD awareness, education, and early intervention can help survivors of crime from developing PTSD, or chronic long term effects of crime victimization.
Children can experience depression, which may present differently than in adults. Rather than sadness, depressed children may display anger, irritability, arguing, fighting, and avoiding tasks. They are also unlikely to say they feel depressed. Depression in children can be caused by genetic factors, loss, divorce, peer rejection, abuse, and low self-esteem. Studies have shown depression is linked to reductions in the volume of the hippocampus region of the brain.
reaction to stressful experiences. the normal reactions and psychological disorders related to it. short discussion of PTSD, acute stress reaction and Adjustment disorder along with treatment options.
very summarized management of each condition. good for medical students
Mood disorders in preschool and primary school childrenCatina Feresin
This document discusses mood disorders in preschool and primary school children. It proposes two new research studies: 1) including a teacher in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy when the caregiver shows affective disorders, to help the caregiver participate effectively in treatment; and 2) a three-step early prevention program in primary schools involving screening, diagnosis, and teacher-clinician collaboration on treatment to identify and treat mood disorders early. It also proposes using fMRI to study brain activity in depressed preschoolers undergoing therapy with and without teacher involvement. The goal is to validate approaches to better identify and treat mood disorders in young children to prevent psychiatric problems later in life.
This document discusses childhood depression, including its definition, symptoms, types, stages, treatment, and an example case study. Childhood depression is defined as feelings of depression that persist and interfere with a child's ability to function. Symptoms can include irritability, appetite changes, sleep issues, concentration problems, and suicidal thoughts. Treatment focuses on counseling and therapy rather than medication alone, with the goal of changing negative thoughts to more positive ones. The case study describes a 17-year-old girl's experience with depression since age 12 and her mother's supportive role in her treatment and recovery.
Dmdd disruptive mood dysregulation disorderHarsh shaH
DMDD is a new diagnosis in the DSM-5 for children who experience frequent and severe temper outbursts that impair their daily functioning. It was created to more accurately diagnose children previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Children with DMDD experience chronic irritability and temper outbursts at least 3 times per week that are out of proportion to triggers. Treatment involves medication such as antidepressants and antipsychotics as well as psychotherapy. DMDD aims to reduce misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and correctly identify those with severe irritability issues.
Depression is a condition that affects many people and can lead to serious consequences like self-harm and suicide if left untreated. Depression causes changes in mood, thinking, and behavior. It can be caused by genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Left untreated, depression may result in addiction, self-harming behaviors like cutting, and increased risk of suicide. However, with treatment like therapy and medication, most people see significant improvement in their symptoms. Resources like To Write Love on Her Arms provide help and hope to those struggling with depression and related issues.
Mood disorders in children can include depressive disorders like major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder, as well as bipolar disorders. Depressive disorders are characterized by depressed mood and loss of interest, while bipolar disorder involves periods of mania or hypomania alternating with depression. Left untreated, childhood mood disorders can lead to risks like suicide, substance abuse, academic problems, and poor relationships. Treatment involves psychotherapy like CBT or medication like SSRIs and mood stabilizers, with close monitoring for side effects.
Crime victim are at risk for developing PTSD. Rape trauma syndrome is also known as PTSD. PTSD is not only a veterans condition. PTSD develop after experiencing a traumatic event. Traumatic events may include child abuse, child sex abuse, sexual assault, natural disasters, accidents, or combat trauma. PTSD awareness, education, and early intervention can help survivors of crime from developing PTSD, or chronic long term effects of crime victimization.
Children can experience depression, which may present differently than in adults. Rather than sadness, depressed children may display anger, irritability, arguing, fighting, and avoiding tasks. They are also unlikely to say they feel depressed. Depression in children can be caused by genetic factors, loss, divorce, peer rejection, abuse, and low self-esteem. Studies have shown depression is linked to reductions in the volume of the hippocampus region of the brain.
reaction to stressful experiences. the normal reactions and psychological disorders related to it. short discussion of PTSD, acute stress reaction and Adjustment disorder along with treatment options.
very summarized management of each condition. good for medical students
Mood disorders in preschool and primary school childrenCatina Feresin
This document discusses mood disorders in preschool and primary school children. It proposes two new research studies: 1) including a teacher in Parent-Child Interaction Therapy when the caregiver shows affective disorders, to help the caregiver participate effectively in treatment; and 2) a three-step early prevention program in primary schools involving screening, diagnosis, and teacher-clinician collaboration on treatment to identify and treat mood disorders early. It also proposes using fMRI to study brain activity in depressed preschoolers undergoing therapy with and without teacher involvement. The goal is to validate approaches to better identify and treat mood disorders in young children to prevent psychiatric problems later in life.
This document discusses childhood depression, including its definition, symptoms, types, stages, treatment, and an example case study. Childhood depression is defined as feelings of depression that persist and interfere with a child's ability to function. Symptoms can include irritability, appetite changes, sleep issues, concentration problems, and suicidal thoughts. Treatment focuses on counseling and therapy rather than medication alone, with the goal of changing negative thoughts to more positive ones. The case study describes a 17-year-old girl's experience with depression since age 12 and her mother's supportive role in her treatment and recovery.
Dmdd disruptive mood dysregulation disorderHarsh shaH
DMDD is a new diagnosis in the DSM-5 for children who experience frequent and severe temper outbursts that impair their daily functioning. It was created to more accurately diagnose children previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Children with DMDD experience chronic irritability and temper outbursts at least 3 times per week that are out of proportion to triggers. Treatment involves medication such as antidepressants and antipsychotics as well as psychotherapy. DMDD aims to reduce misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and correctly identify those with severe irritability issues.
Depression is a condition that affects many people and can lead to serious consequences like self-harm and suicide if left untreated. Depression causes changes in mood, thinking, and behavior. It can be caused by genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Left untreated, depression may result in addiction, self-harming behaviors like cutting, and increased risk of suicide. However, with treatment like therapy and medication, most people see significant improvement in their symptoms. Resources like To Write Love on Her Arms provide help and hope to those struggling with depression and related issues.
Mood disorders in children can include depressive disorders like major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder, as well as bipolar disorders. Depressive disorders are characterized by depressed mood and loss of interest, while bipolar disorder involves periods of mania or hypomania alternating with depression. Left untreated, childhood mood disorders can lead to risks like suicide, substance abuse, academic problems, and poor relationships. Treatment involves psychotherapy like CBT or medication like SSRIs and mood stabilizers, with close monitoring for side effects.
This document provides an overview of common mental illnesses, including prevalence and treatment. It discusses depression, anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. It notes that anxiety and depressive disorders are most common in primary care. Three case studies are presented involving major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. Treatment options for these conditions like antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy are also outlined.
PTSD is a disease first introduced into the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) in 1980
With the world experiencing an unprecedented onslaught of disasters and traumas, it is imperative that health workers are aware of the disease and the factors that affect it
This document discusses different types of reactions to stressful situations:
1. Acute stress reaction - a transient disorder developing in response to exceptional stress that usually subsides within hours or days. Symptoms include withdrawal, anger, and grief.
2. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - a delayed response to a traumatic event causing intrusive memories, avoidance, and hyperarousal for over a month.
3. Adjustment disorder - distress interfering with functioning in response to a significant life change, with symptoms like depressed mood and anxiety lasting less than 6 months.
Introduction to Depressive Disorders in Children and AdolescentsStephen Grcevich, MD
This is the slide set to the lectures I provided to the medical staff of Child and Adolescent Behavioral Health in Canton, OH during the Fall-Winter of 2018
This document provides information about anxiety disorders that school counselors should know. It discusses how anxiety disorders are different from normal anxiety in that they are excessive, unreasonable, and impairing. It outlines common physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms of anxiety disorders. The document emphasizes that anxiety disorders are highly prevalent but often underdiagnosed and undertreated conditions that typically begin in childhood/adolescence. Left untreated, they can negatively impact functioning and lead to other issues.
The document discusses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and issues facing military veterans post-deployment. It describes the three main symptoms of PTSD as hyperarousal, re-experiencing trauma through flashbacks or nightmares, and avoidance/numbing. With sustained exposure to daily trauma over multiple deployments, the development of PTSD is inevitable. The document also outlines the physiological and psychological effects of PTSD and discusses challenges veterans may face reintegrating into civilian life like relationship issues, dangerous behaviors, and substance abuse. Effective treatment involves psychoeducation, teaching coping strategies, and gradually retelling traumatic experiences.
This document provides an overview of mood disorders with a focus on depression. It defines major types of depressive disorders according to DSM-5 criteria including major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, and others. For major depressive disorder, it outlines diagnostic criteria including required symptoms and describes mild, moderate and severe types. It also discusses epidemiology, clinical course, differential diagnosis, comorbidities, sequelae, etiology and risk factors, protective factors and prevention strategies, screening tools, and management approaches including psychotherapy and medication options.
The document discusses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children. It explains that PTSD can develop in children after experiencing or witnessing traumatic events like domestic violence, natural disasters, abuse, death of loved ones, or living in a dangerous environment. Common PTSD symptoms in children include bedwetting, clinginess, difficulty sleeping, and acting out the traumatic event. The document provides advice for teachers who suspect a student has PTSD, such as notifying the school counselor, maintaining records of interactions, and being an advocate for the student. Overall, the document aims to educate teachers on childhood PTSD and how to support students suffering from trauma-related symptoms.
Depression In Children: Behavioral Manifestations and InterventionDavid Songco
Presentation delivered to the West Side Health Authority. This presentation was attended by program developers, teachers, principals, and directors of local community organizations.
This document provides information on Unipolar Mood Disorder and defines Unipolar Disorder as a mental disorder characterized by pervasive and persistent low mood accompanied by low self-esteem and loss of interest in enjoyable activities. It discusses the manifestations of Unipolar Disorder which can affect daily life for weeks or longer by interfering with social, family, work, academic, and health aspects of life. The document also lists and describes several types of Depressive Disorders including Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder, and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. It provides details on the diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations, causes, assessment tools, prognosis, prevalence, and treatment options for these disorders.
This document discusses adolescent depression and suicide. It begins by stating that depression affects 10.7% of teens and that 17% of high school students have contemplated suicide. It then provides details on the symptoms of depression according to the DSM-5 criteria. These include feelings of sadness, hopelessness, changes in appetite or sleep, loss of interest in activities, fatigue, worthlessness, and thoughts of death or suicide. The document emphasizes that depression can be mild, moderate, or severe and if left untreated can last for weeks, months or years. It also notes that heredity, neurotransmitter imbalances and life stressors can contribute to depression in teens. Statistics are presented on the prevalence of depression and suicidal thoughts among high
The document discusses trauma in childhood and its effects. It notes that PTSD in children is often underdiagnosed, and children may receive multiple incorrect diagnoses before an accurate one of PTSD. Trauma in childhood can impact brain development and lead to issues with attention, hyperactivity, aggression, and oppositional behavior. The document outlines symptoms of PTSD in early childhood, school age children, and teenagers. It discusses the two main types of dysregulation—hyperactivation and hypoactivation—that can result from trauma. Building resilience and social support are important factors in recovering from childhood trauma.
Characteristics of Adjustment Disorders & Characteristics of Post Traumatic S...ANCYBS
Adjustment disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are both mental health conditions that can develop after experiencing stressful or traumatic events. Adjustment disorders involve difficulty coping with stressors and result in emotional or behavioral symptoms that impair functioning. PTSD involves experiencing trauma symptoms like flashbacks, nightmares, and avoidance behaviors in response to a traumatic event. While adjustment disorders are usually short-lived and respond well to therapy, PTSD symptoms are more severe and long-lasting without treatment. The documents provide details on the diagnostic criteria, symptoms, prevalence, course, and treatment options for each disorder.
Evaluation and Treatment of Bipolar and Related Disorders in Children and Ado...Stephen Grcevich, MD
In these lectures presented by Dr. Stephen Grcevich to child and adolescent psychiatry trainees at Akron Children's Hospital in January 2021, the following objectives were addressed:
Identify critical questions challenging our assumptions regarding treatment of bipolar disorder in kids.
Explore diagnostic challenges associated with comorbidity with other common mental health conditions.
Review key literature evaluating effective pharmacotherapy of pediatric bipolar disorder.
Examine available data on non-pharmacologic treatments in kids with bipolar disorder.
Mental health disorders commonly co-occur with gambling harm. Around 96% of those meeting criteria for pathological gambling disorder also meet criteria for at least one other psychiatric disorder, with two-thirds meeting criteria for three or more disorders. The most common co-occurring disorders are substance use disorders (42%), mood disorders like depression (56%), and anxiety disorders (60%). Overall, around 74% of problem gamblers experienced the other disorder prior to developing problems with gambling. Screening for co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders should be part of assessments for gambling disorder.
Adjustment disorder develops as a reaction to a stressful life event or major life change. It is a short-term disorder where symptoms occur because coping with the stressor is difficult. Common symptoms include mild depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress reactions. The symptoms are a result of an inability to cope with an identifiable stressor and generally resolve once the individual adapts to the situation. Treatment focuses on problem solving, clarifying the meaning of the stressor, improving coping skills, and managing symptoms. With treatment, most people recover completely within 6 months unless the original stressor remains present.
The document discusses obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the role of nurses. It defines OCD and its most common symptoms which involve obsessions and compulsions. Common obsessions include contamination, perfectionism, unwanted thoughts, harm, and religion. Compulsions include checking, cleaning, repeating behaviors, and reassurance seeking. The causes of OCD are largely unknown but involve biological and environmental factors. Prognosis varies but OCD often begins in childhood/adolescence and can be a chronic condition. Medications like antidepressants are used to treat OCD and nurses provide important interventions like advising on medications, creating a therapeutic environment, and offering emotional support.
- Trauma in young children can be caused by a single event, ongoing stressors, or chronic stress and can negatively impact lifelong health and social development.
- Common symptoms of childhood trauma include sleep issues, appetite changes, physical pains, behavioral changes like aggression, hyperactivity, worry/fear, and developmental regression.
- Younger children react differently than older children, with babies and toddlers demonstrating clinginess, crying, defiance while preschoolers show repetitive play, nightmares, and school issues.
- The absence of a supportive caregiver can turn tolerable stress into toxic stress, impacting brain development especially in the prefrontal cortex responsible for self-regulation.
The document discusses anxiety in children and adolescents. It describes the differences between depressed mood versus a depressive episode, and lists the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode. It also discusses irritable mood and the various conditions it could indicate. The document provides information on generalized anxiety disorder, including prevalence, genetics, neurotransmitters involved, and treatment options. It covers specific phobias and social phobia, including diagnostic criteria, prevalence, etiology, and treatment.
Is IPT time limited psychodynamic psychotherapy? (Markowitz et al. 1998)Sharon
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) are compared across eight aspects: time limit, medical model, goals, interpersonal focus, techniques, termination, therapeutic stance, and empirical support. While IPT and STPP share some similarities, such as a focus on interpersonal relationships and support from the therapist, they differ in key ways. IPT has a strict time limit of 12-16 weeks, uses a medical model framework with a focus on diagnosing and treating the patient's psychiatric illness. In contrast, STPP does not have a fixed time limit and focuses more on underlying unconscious conflicts from early childhood and character defenses rather than diagnoses. The authors conclude that despite some overlaps,
Efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Postpartum Depression. (O'hara et...Sharon
This study evaluated the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for treating postpartum depression. 120 women meeting criteria for major depression were randomly assigned to receive either 12 weeks of IPT or be in a waiting list control group. Women receiving IPT showed significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms and higher recovery rates compared to the control group based on standardized depression scales. IPT was found to be an effective treatment for postpartum depression that could serve as an alternative to antidepressant medication.
This document provides an overview of common mental illnesses, including prevalence and treatment. It discusses depression, anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. It notes that anxiety and depressive disorders are most common in primary care. Three case studies are presented involving major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. Treatment options for these conditions like antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy are also outlined.
PTSD is a disease first introduced into the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM) in 1980
With the world experiencing an unprecedented onslaught of disasters and traumas, it is imperative that health workers are aware of the disease and the factors that affect it
This document discusses different types of reactions to stressful situations:
1. Acute stress reaction - a transient disorder developing in response to exceptional stress that usually subsides within hours or days. Symptoms include withdrawal, anger, and grief.
2. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - a delayed response to a traumatic event causing intrusive memories, avoidance, and hyperarousal for over a month.
3. Adjustment disorder - distress interfering with functioning in response to a significant life change, with symptoms like depressed mood and anxiety lasting less than 6 months.
Introduction to Depressive Disorders in Children and AdolescentsStephen Grcevich, MD
This is the slide set to the lectures I provided to the medical staff of Child and Adolescent Behavioral Health in Canton, OH during the Fall-Winter of 2018
This document provides information about anxiety disorders that school counselors should know. It discusses how anxiety disorders are different from normal anxiety in that they are excessive, unreasonable, and impairing. It outlines common physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms of anxiety disorders. The document emphasizes that anxiety disorders are highly prevalent but often underdiagnosed and undertreated conditions that typically begin in childhood/adolescence. Left untreated, they can negatively impact functioning and lead to other issues.
The document discusses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and issues facing military veterans post-deployment. It describes the three main symptoms of PTSD as hyperarousal, re-experiencing trauma through flashbacks or nightmares, and avoidance/numbing. With sustained exposure to daily trauma over multiple deployments, the development of PTSD is inevitable. The document also outlines the physiological and psychological effects of PTSD and discusses challenges veterans may face reintegrating into civilian life like relationship issues, dangerous behaviors, and substance abuse. Effective treatment involves psychoeducation, teaching coping strategies, and gradually retelling traumatic experiences.
This document provides an overview of mood disorders with a focus on depression. It defines major types of depressive disorders according to DSM-5 criteria including major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, and others. For major depressive disorder, it outlines diagnostic criteria including required symptoms and describes mild, moderate and severe types. It also discusses epidemiology, clinical course, differential diagnosis, comorbidities, sequelae, etiology and risk factors, protective factors and prevention strategies, screening tools, and management approaches including psychotherapy and medication options.
The document discusses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children. It explains that PTSD can develop in children after experiencing or witnessing traumatic events like domestic violence, natural disasters, abuse, death of loved ones, or living in a dangerous environment. Common PTSD symptoms in children include bedwetting, clinginess, difficulty sleeping, and acting out the traumatic event. The document provides advice for teachers who suspect a student has PTSD, such as notifying the school counselor, maintaining records of interactions, and being an advocate for the student. Overall, the document aims to educate teachers on childhood PTSD and how to support students suffering from trauma-related symptoms.
Depression In Children: Behavioral Manifestations and InterventionDavid Songco
Presentation delivered to the West Side Health Authority. This presentation was attended by program developers, teachers, principals, and directors of local community organizations.
This document provides information on Unipolar Mood Disorder and defines Unipolar Disorder as a mental disorder characterized by pervasive and persistent low mood accompanied by low self-esteem and loss of interest in enjoyable activities. It discusses the manifestations of Unipolar Disorder which can affect daily life for weeks or longer by interfering with social, family, work, academic, and health aspects of life. The document also lists and describes several types of Depressive Disorders including Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder, and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. It provides details on the diagnostic criteria, clinical manifestations, causes, assessment tools, prognosis, prevalence, and treatment options for these disorders.
This document discusses adolescent depression and suicide. It begins by stating that depression affects 10.7% of teens and that 17% of high school students have contemplated suicide. It then provides details on the symptoms of depression according to the DSM-5 criteria. These include feelings of sadness, hopelessness, changes in appetite or sleep, loss of interest in activities, fatigue, worthlessness, and thoughts of death or suicide. The document emphasizes that depression can be mild, moderate, or severe and if left untreated can last for weeks, months or years. It also notes that heredity, neurotransmitter imbalances and life stressors can contribute to depression in teens. Statistics are presented on the prevalence of depression and suicidal thoughts among high
The document discusses trauma in childhood and its effects. It notes that PTSD in children is often underdiagnosed, and children may receive multiple incorrect diagnoses before an accurate one of PTSD. Trauma in childhood can impact brain development and lead to issues with attention, hyperactivity, aggression, and oppositional behavior. The document outlines symptoms of PTSD in early childhood, school age children, and teenagers. It discusses the two main types of dysregulation—hyperactivation and hypoactivation—that can result from trauma. Building resilience and social support are important factors in recovering from childhood trauma.
Characteristics of Adjustment Disorders & Characteristics of Post Traumatic S...ANCYBS
Adjustment disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are both mental health conditions that can develop after experiencing stressful or traumatic events. Adjustment disorders involve difficulty coping with stressors and result in emotional or behavioral symptoms that impair functioning. PTSD involves experiencing trauma symptoms like flashbacks, nightmares, and avoidance behaviors in response to a traumatic event. While adjustment disorders are usually short-lived and respond well to therapy, PTSD symptoms are more severe and long-lasting without treatment. The documents provide details on the diagnostic criteria, symptoms, prevalence, course, and treatment options for each disorder.
Evaluation and Treatment of Bipolar and Related Disorders in Children and Ado...Stephen Grcevich, MD
In these lectures presented by Dr. Stephen Grcevich to child and adolescent psychiatry trainees at Akron Children's Hospital in January 2021, the following objectives were addressed:
Identify critical questions challenging our assumptions regarding treatment of bipolar disorder in kids.
Explore diagnostic challenges associated with comorbidity with other common mental health conditions.
Review key literature evaluating effective pharmacotherapy of pediatric bipolar disorder.
Examine available data on non-pharmacologic treatments in kids with bipolar disorder.
Mental health disorders commonly co-occur with gambling harm. Around 96% of those meeting criteria for pathological gambling disorder also meet criteria for at least one other psychiatric disorder, with two-thirds meeting criteria for three or more disorders. The most common co-occurring disorders are substance use disorders (42%), mood disorders like depression (56%), and anxiety disorders (60%). Overall, around 74% of problem gamblers experienced the other disorder prior to developing problems with gambling. Screening for co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders should be part of assessments for gambling disorder.
Adjustment disorder develops as a reaction to a stressful life event or major life change. It is a short-term disorder where symptoms occur because coping with the stressor is difficult. Common symptoms include mild depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress reactions. The symptoms are a result of an inability to cope with an identifiable stressor and generally resolve once the individual adapts to the situation. Treatment focuses on problem solving, clarifying the meaning of the stressor, improving coping skills, and managing symptoms. With treatment, most people recover completely within 6 months unless the original stressor remains present.
The document discusses obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the role of nurses. It defines OCD and its most common symptoms which involve obsessions and compulsions. Common obsessions include contamination, perfectionism, unwanted thoughts, harm, and religion. Compulsions include checking, cleaning, repeating behaviors, and reassurance seeking. The causes of OCD are largely unknown but involve biological and environmental factors. Prognosis varies but OCD often begins in childhood/adolescence and can be a chronic condition. Medications like antidepressants are used to treat OCD and nurses provide important interventions like advising on medications, creating a therapeutic environment, and offering emotional support.
- Trauma in young children can be caused by a single event, ongoing stressors, or chronic stress and can negatively impact lifelong health and social development.
- Common symptoms of childhood trauma include sleep issues, appetite changes, physical pains, behavioral changes like aggression, hyperactivity, worry/fear, and developmental regression.
- Younger children react differently than older children, with babies and toddlers demonstrating clinginess, crying, defiance while preschoolers show repetitive play, nightmares, and school issues.
- The absence of a supportive caregiver can turn tolerable stress into toxic stress, impacting brain development especially in the prefrontal cortex responsible for self-regulation.
The document discusses anxiety in children and adolescents. It describes the differences between depressed mood versus a depressive episode, and lists the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode. It also discusses irritable mood and the various conditions it could indicate. The document provides information on generalized anxiety disorder, including prevalence, genetics, neurotransmitters involved, and treatment options. It covers specific phobias and social phobia, including diagnostic criteria, prevalence, etiology, and treatment.
Is IPT time limited psychodynamic psychotherapy? (Markowitz et al. 1998)Sharon
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) and short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) are compared across eight aspects: time limit, medical model, goals, interpersonal focus, techniques, termination, therapeutic stance, and empirical support. While IPT and STPP share some similarities, such as a focus on interpersonal relationships and support from the therapist, they differ in key ways. IPT has a strict time limit of 12-16 weeks, uses a medical model framework with a focus on diagnosing and treating the patient's psychiatric illness. In contrast, STPP does not have a fixed time limit and focuses more on underlying unconscious conflicts from early childhood and character defenses rather than diagnoses. The authors conclude that despite some overlaps,
Efficacy of Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Postpartum Depression. (O'hara et...Sharon
This study evaluated the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) for treating postpartum depression. 120 women meeting criteria for major depression were randomly assigned to receive either 12 weeks of IPT or be in a waiting list control group. Women receiving IPT showed significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms and higher recovery rates compared to the control group based on standardized depression scales. IPT was found to be an effective treatment for postpartum depression that could serve as an alternative to antidepressant medication.
This meta-analysis reviewed 16 randomized controlled trials examining the effects of psychotherapy on chronic major depression and dysthymia. It found that psychotherapy had a small but significant effect in reducing depression symptoms compared to control groups. Psychotherapy was less effective than pharmacotherapy, especially SSRIs, at reducing symptoms, particularly for patients with dysthymia. Combined treatment of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy was more effective than either treatment alone in reducing depression symptoms. At least 18 treatment sessions of psychotherapy may be needed to achieve optimal effects.
The document summarizes a randomized controlled trial that compared the efficacy of Complicated Grief Treatment (CGT) to Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) for treating complicated grief. 95 participants who met criteria for complicated grief were randomly assigned to receive either 16 sessions of CGT or IPT over 16-20 weeks. CGT was found to have a higher response rate (51% vs 28%) and faster time to response compared to IPT. The number needed to treat was 4.3, indicating CGT is an improved treatment for complicated grief over standard IPT.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy. A Guide To The Basics. (Stuart, 2006)Sharon
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a time-limited psychotherapy that focuses on improving interpersonal relationships and social support systems. IPT is based on attachment theory, communication theory, and social theory. The main targets of IPT are relieving psychiatric symptoms, resolving or changing interpersonal problems related to conflicts, transitions, or losses, and strengthening social support networks. Key tactics include using an Interpersonal Inventory to identify problem areas and an Interpersonal Formulation to synthesize relevant relationship information and guide treatment. IPT aims to help patients improve communication, work through emotional difficulties, and develop supportive relationships.
This document provides guidelines for conducting focus group discussions including facilitation, transcribing, coding, content analysis, and reporting. It recommends that facilitators be prepared, interested in participants, patient, and use helpful probes. For transcribing, it suggests noting seating arrangements, verbatim transcription of key questions, and inclusion of observations. Coding involves developing categories, consistency checking, coding all text, and final review. Reporting focuses on using key questions, basic statistics, concept maps, and an interpretive summary with quotes and analysis.
Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Adolescents – Dr Roslyn LawCYP MH
This document provides information on interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents (IPT-A). It discusses the structure and treatment objectives of IPT-A, which focuses on resolving interpersonal problems that may be contributing to or maintaining adolescent depression. IPT-A is delivered over 12-16 weekly sessions and involves the adolescent's social network. The document outlines the evidence base for IPT-A and discusses how it is being implemented within the Child and Young Person IAPT program to increase access to this effective treatment.
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is a time-limited, 12-20 session psychotherapy designed to treat depression. It focuses on interpersonal relationships and how disruptions in relationships may contribute to depression. IPT has three phases - initial, intermediate, and termination. In the initial phase, the therapist diagnoses depression, educates the patient, and identifies problematic relationship areas. Common problem areas addressed in IPT include grief, disputes, role transitions, and interpersonal deficits. In the intermediate phase, the therapist works with the patient to address the identified problems and improve interpersonal skills. The termination phase reviews progress and prepares the patient to end treatment. IPT has been shown to be an effective treatment for depression and other disorders by resolving inter
The document discusses various types of psychotherapy, including interpersonal therapy, marital therapy, family therapy, and transactional analysis. Marital therapy aims to improve disturbed relationships and change partners' behaviors. Family therapy views individual issues as related to the family and aims to modify home influences contributing to disorders. Transactional analysis focuses on ego states like parent, adult and child that are revealed in interactions, and helps participants understand which state they use to communicate.
This document provides an overview of the online landscape in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). It finds that while internet penetration and broadband levels in CEE are still lower than Western Europe, growth has been significant. Countries like Estonia, Czech Republic, Latvia, Slovenia and Lithuania have over 50% internet penetration, while Ukraine lags behind at 18%. Russia has the largest online audience in CEE at around 38 million users. Broadband penetration across CEE averages 15% compared to over 20% in Western Europe, with countries like Bulgaria, Poland and Croatia having less than 10 broadband lines per 100 inhabitants.
Google Chrome uses a user-mode sandboxing technique to isolate and restrict the renderer process. The sandbox consists of a privileged broker process and one or more sandboxed target processes. The broker process specifies policies, spawns targets, and acts on their behalf by intercepting and evaluating Windows API calls. The sandbox aims to isolate targets and restrict their access to resources using techniques like restricted tokens, job objects, and separate desktops. However, the sandbox has some limitations in its ability to restrict network and USB access under Windows.
The document is a collection of random facts presented in both English and Spanish. It includes facts about: the strength of the heart muscle; elephants being unable to jump; the tongue being the strongest muscle; the duration of a pig's orgasm; more people fearing spiders than death; all polar bears being left-handed; crocodiles inability to stick out their tongue; butterflies tasting with their feet; a cockroach's ability to survive without its head; humans and dolphins being the only animals that have sex for pleasure; playing cards representing historical kings; the impossibility of sneezing with your eyes open; a large multiplication problem; starfish having no brains; the positions of soldiers on statues indicating their
The document provides information about Malta, including its location in the Mediterranean Sea, independence in 1964, and membership in the European Union since 2004. It notes Malta's typical Mediterranean climate and lists some important people like the current president and prime minister. It also describes Maltese traditions like Christmas celebrations and provides translations of some common Maltese words. It discusses Malta's participation in the Eurovision Song Contest.
Suicide is a serious problem among youths and is the third leading cause of death for those aged 10-24. Risk factors include depression and other mental illnesses. While suicide attempts are more common among girls, boys are more likely to die by suicide. Effective prevention and treatment includes evaluating suicidal thoughts and intentions, providing support, and treating any underlying conditions through psychotherapy, medication, or both. Cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavioral therapy can help reduce suicidal ideation and behaviors.
Major depressive disorder is a common psychological disorder characterized by a depressed mood lasting more than two weeks along with symptoms like loss of interest, sleep, and pleasure. It can be caused by genetic, biological, cognitive, social, and environmental factors. Treatment approaches include biomedical treatments using antidepressant drugs, individual cognitive therapies to change negative thoughts, and group therapies where people with similar issues provide support. The effectiveness of different treatment approaches is evaluated based on how long symptoms are relieved and whether observable behavior changes.
Comprehensive Psychiatric Evaluation Essay Example Paper.docx4934bk
The patient is a 40-year-old African American male who presents with depressive symptoms such as lack of interest, isolation, irritability, crying, overeating, and sleep problems. Based on diagnostic tests, he is diagnosed with major depressive disorder and moderate dementia. The treatment plan involves cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medication with Duloxetine to target his depressive symptoms and improve his quality of life. Regular follow-ups will also be conducted to monitor his progress and medication adherence.
This document discusses cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for adolescents. It begins by defining adolescence and discussing the psychological adjustments that must be navigated during this period. Risk and resilience factors are then examined, along with coping mechanisms like problem solving and cognitive reappraisal. The document outlines considerations for involving parents in adolescent CBT and respecting patient privacy and autonomy. It also reviews how CBT can be applied to disorders that often onset during adolescence like depression, bipolar disorder, and anxiety disorders. A case study of a 16-year-old girl experiencing depression and mania is then presented and formulated. The document concludes by discussing common CBT interventions like cognitive restructuring, coping skills training, and problem-solving training
ARGEC Module: Assessment of Geriatric Depression Finalkwatkins13
This document provides an overview of geriatric depression, including prevalence rates, risk factors, cultural considerations, symptoms, differential diagnosis, and assessment tools. Some key points:
- Depression affects 15-13% of older adults, with higher rates among nursing home residents (54.4%). Risk factors include disability, cognitive impairment, poor health, bereavement and loneliness.
- Cultural factors like race, ethnicity and gender impact presentation and treatment. Assessment considers atypical symptoms like somatic complaints and involves screening tools like the PHQ-9 or GDS.
- Differential diagnosis distinguishes depression from conditions like dementia, delirium, medical illness and medication side effects. Multiple assessment instruments are highlighted for their validity
Emotional strategies for coping with bereavement of parent by teenagers in nn...Alexander Decker
This study examined the emotional coping strategies used by teenagers in Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria who have experienced the bereavement of a parent. A questionnaire was administered to 393 teenagers between the ages of 12-19 to identify common coping strategies. The strategies identified included keeping busy, remembering memories of the deceased parent, avoiding anger, overcoming fear through prayer, worrying less about the future, and avoiding depression. Statistical analysis found no significant differences in coping strategies based on gender or age. The study provides information on how bereaved teenagers in this region cope emotionally with parental loss.
This document discusses depression, anxiety, and epilepsy in children and adolescents. It finds that depression and anxiety are very common psychiatric issues for those with epilepsy. Rates of depression are over 20% for those with epilepsy, compared to 3.7-6.7% in the general population. Anxiety affects up to 40% of youth with epilepsy. The document examines risk factors, screening tools, and treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medications to address the high prevalence of these important mental health issues in pediatric epilepsy.
The document summarizes a study that explored the experiences of previously clinically depressed adults in New Zealand. [13 participants were interviewed and discussed perceived causes of their depression such as early trauma, bullying, attachment issues, and avoidance behaviors. The predominant theme was stress and anxiety. Many participants linked experiences like childhood trauma, loss, and bullying to causing their depression. The study highlights the importance of addressing social factors and stressors rather than solely biological explanations for depression.]
This document presents a case study of a 19-year-old woman with a history of self-harm, substance abuse, and volatile relationships. She has been cutting herself and taking overdoses in response to arguments with her boyfriend or mother. Her mental state examination finds her distraught and suicidal. She likely meets criteria for emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD), also known as borderline personality disorder, characterized by impulsivity, unstable moods, and chaotic relationships. Treatment would involve risk assessment, calming her down, and possibly admission to prevent self-harm. Long-term therapies like dialectical behavior therapy are recommended over medication, which generally has limited effectiveness for EUPD.
This document summarizes the case of an 18-year-old male engineering student diagnosed with bipolar disorder who has been admitted to the hospital three times previously. It outlines his medical history, symptoms, treatment goals and therapies including interpersonal social rhythm therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, group therapy, and family focused therapy. It also summarizes several research studies supporting the use of these therapies for patients with bipolar disorder.
Clinical Depression, mental health nursing.RashmiRawat57
This document defines depression and outlines its signs, symptoms, causes, and management. Depression is characterized by feelings of sadness, loss of interest, and changes in appetite and sleep. Globally, around 3.8% of people experience depression. Signs include avoiding social activities, lack of motivation, sadness, poor concentration, and physical symptoms. Causes may be psychosocial or biological, involving neurotransmitters. Management includes psychotherapy, medication like SSRIs or Tricyclic antidepressants, ECT, and TMS. Nurses assess for subjective experiences of inability to cope and objective signs of lack of goal-directed behavior. Nursing diagnoses could include dysfunctional grieving, hopelessness, and low self-esteem. Interventions
This study explored the health perceptions of 19 female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) who were receiving services at two domestic violence shelters. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants ranging from 30-90 minutes. The interviews were analyzed and coded to identify themes. The main themes that emerged were: 1) The complexity of moving forward from abuse and understanding its deep impacts, 2) Unaddressed mental health issues, lack of support, and barriers like fear, finances, and lack of awareness of resources, 3) Disrupted daily routines, lack of stability, and difficulty establishing healthy habits, and 4) Both positive and negative coping strategies utilized to deal with the effects of IPV. The study provides insight into the multifaceted
From Concerns to Conditions by Dr. Jaruwan Kittisopit and Dr. Joom Chomchuayatocmarketing
This document discusses a research-based approach to medical diagnosis in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric fields. It outlines gathering concerns from multiple sources, considering developmental norms and individual factors, and using a biopsychosocial model to evaluate significant concerns and determine appropriate conditions or diagnoses. A case example demonstrates this process to diagnose major depressive disorder in a teenage girl based on DSM-5 criteria.
For most of the 5th standard students, school life can be a little harder than in their previous years. Teaching and Result expectations are at a higher level, Friendship becomes more important and groups that share similar interests become common, these changes may not seem like a big deal for adults but they can be very stressful for kids. The study would focus on addressing issues from Parents and Children
Er.Ajith Mammen.MSW.Mphil (Medical & Psychiatric)
This document discusses depression and suicide prevention. It begins with introductions and an icebreaker activity. It then defines depression and lists its symptoms. Risk factors for suicide are outlined, including previous attempts, substance abuse, and family history. Protective factors like family support and problem solving skills are also identified. Early and late warning signs of suicide risk are provided. The document presents two case studies and questions for assessing suicide risk. It concludes by discussing prevention efforts and their effectiveness.
Explain the differences and similarities in your choice of criteri.docxkendalfarrier
Explain the differences and similarities in your choice of criteria used to determine diagnosis, including Z codes (other conditions that may be a focus of clinical attention).
Explain whether or not you agree with your colleague’s treatment recommendations.
Leticia Cortez
Cornell Diagnosis
COLLAPSE
F32.1 Major Depressive Disorder, single episode, moderate
Z63.5 Disruption of Family by Separation or Divorce
Z59.6 Low Income
Cornell met criteria A1, A2, A4, A6, A7, and A8 and criteria B and C for Major Depressive in correlation to his current separation.
A1: Cornell expressed feeling “sad mood, fearfulness, and passive suicidal ideation”.
A2:Decreased in motivation and low interest in chores at home engages in “sitting around”
A4:Sleep pattern length of 3 to 4 hours, over several years.
A6:When sleeping little time frames he then becomes tired and oversleeps.
A7: Cornell reported feeling more irritable, decreased self-esteem, and feelings of guilt/self-blame
A8: He reported, “experienced increasingly withdrawn/non-communicative”.
Criteria B: Cornell's current behaviors have caused the strain in his relationship with his kids and family.
Criteria C: No other medical condition was reported.
Z codes have been given due to unstable income and inability to pay the debt accumulated with therapeutic stays and other expenses. His divorce has influence his current emotional state for which has impacted his life.
OR
F43.23 Adjustment Disorder, with mixed anxiety and depressive mode
Cornell met criteria A, B, C, D, and E.
Criteria A:
Cornell has been married for 13 years and has been separated from his wife for the past three months.
Criteria B1:
The official physical separation when his wife moved out and he moved in with his family.
Criteria B2:
The major problem for Cornell is "learn to deal with my wife wanting a divorce." He has engaged in comments of suicide and shown no interest in spending time with kids.
Criteria C:
The current behaviors have increased due to the wife and kids moving out. His previous diagnosis was given based on problems with his wife.
Criteria D:
Cornell is not grieving the loss of a deceased (bereavement) but rather a separation from his wife of many years.
Criteria E:
With the time of his current situation Cornell has expressed wanting to learn how to deal with the separation.
Scale & Intervention
Depression is commonly underdiagnosed for African American’s and does not seek help for symptoms, this causes severe and disabling symptoms compared to white peers (Walton, & Payne, 2016). The scale that would be used to measure Cornell’s self-esteem is the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL). This scale would measure the “belonging-, self-esteem-, and appraisal-based social support” in his current situation by the measure of 40-items (Odafe, Salami, & Walker, 2017). With the measure of ISEL, the Beck Hopelessness Scal.
Amplified Adolescent Anxiety During A PandemicCyndy McDonald
In normal times teenagers experience a great amount of stress and anxiety. This stress and anxiety has been amplified during the pandemic. One of the greatest contributors has been the uncertainty around standardized testing options. If students can't go to school, how are they supposed to go take an exam?
psychosocial intervention for children and adolescents with depressionpraful kapse
Psychosocial intervention is an approach that acknowledges the psychological and social factors that influence an individual's well-being. It includes psychoeducation, cognitive and behavioral strategies, social skills training, sleep hygiene, interpersonal therapy, and group therapy. A case study describes a 12-year-old boy presenting with depression who was assessed and received cognitive behavioral therapy targeting negative thoughts, as well as social skills training and group therapy. Research shows cognitive behavioral therapy can have immediate and long-term positive effects on reducing depressive symptoms.
Literature Review- Major Depressive DisorderCooper Feild
This document provides a literature review on current research and perspectives regarding major depressive disorder (MDD). It summarizes research on the epidemiology, etiology, symptoms, and treatment of MDD. Regarding etiology, the document reviews research on anatomical, physiological, and genetic factors but notes the etiology is complex with no single cause identified. Treatment research indicates cognitive behavioral therapy can reduce relapse while incomplete recovery from initial episodes predicts a more severe long-term course. The review emphasizes the importance of fully understanding each patient's individual experience of MDD.
This document discusses complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It presents a case study of a child with ASD and mild intellectual disability who was physically, emotionally, and sexually assaulted, leading to symptoms of CPTSD like insomnia, hallucinations, withdrawal, and increased stereotypies. However, he was misdiagnosed with schizophrenia and subjected to inappropriate treatments. The document argues for the need to modify cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to effectively treat CPTSD in individuals with ASD, given their unique experiences of trauma and difficulties assessing internal states, social relationships, and finding meaning. It highlights principles from trauma treatment and suggestions for modifying the
Similar to Treatment of war related adolescent depression (20)
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"