Background: Septoplasty is one of the commonest nasal surgeries
performed by otolaryngologist. Silicone is the most common
material used for nasal splints. Trans-septal suturing technique
has been described to approximate the mucosal flaps after septal
procedures to reduce the complication rate; however there are
few studies proving the efficacy.
Objective: This study is to elucidate the efficacy of trans-septal
suture method in preventing complications, discomfort and pain
in comparison with intranasal splinting using silicone plates after
septoplasty.
Patients and methods: This is a prospective study of 59 adult
patients underwent Septoplasty, between August 2013-January
2014 in Rizgary Teaching Hospital - Erbil city. Patients were
divided into 2 groups; trans-septal suture and silicone, 29 and 30
patients respectively. Visual analogue scale was used to evaluate
postoperative pain, bleeding, post-nasal drip, dysphagia and
sleep disturbance for three days. Epiphora and septal hematoma
are also evaluated. Septal perforation, crustation, and adhesion
were evaluated at 4th postoperative week.
Results: The severity of pain and post nasal drip were
significantly lower in trans-septal suture group than silicone
group (P< 0.05). The septal hematoma and septal perforation
were not seen in the study. No any significant difference found
concerning epiphora, crustation and adhesion.
Conclusion: we conclude that, suturing can be used safely in
septoplasty sp
Orbit is a quadrilateral pyramidal cavity containing the eye. It has thin walls that are susceptible to infection, inflammation and neoplasia from adjacent sinonasal structures. Key surgical anatomy includes thin medial and inferior walls, lacrimal apparatus, extraocular muscles and neurovascular supply. Sinonasal pathology such as mucocoeles, chronic dacrocystitis and tumors can spread to the orbit. Trauma or endoscopic sinus surgery can also cause orbital complications requiring reconstruction or decompression. Imaging guides management of orbital pathology and involvement in sinonasal disease.
1) The frontal sinus and surrounding anatomy can vary significantly between individuals. Abnormal structures like agger nasi cells can obstruct the frontal sinus and contribute to sinusitis.
2) Surgical approaches to the frontal sinus include trephination, endoscopy, and various external and endonasal procedures. The goal is to establish drainage while preserving surrounding structures.
3) Common pathologies of the frontal sinus discussed include osteomas, fibrous dysplasia, and inverted papillomas. Surgical techniques aim to completely remove tumors while preserving function and minimizing recurrence risk.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and surgical procedures related to the maxillary sinus. It begins with the development, anatomy, functions, relations, and applied anatomy of the maxillary sinus. It then discusses diseases that can involve the sinus, including sinusitis, infections, tumors, and oroantral fistulas. Finally, it reviews surgical procedures such as Caldwell-Luc operation, functional endoscopic sinus surgery, sinus lifts, and treatments for maxillary sinus fractures and displaced teeth. In summary, the document is a comprehensive review of the maxillary sinus from an anatomical and surgical perspective.
This presentation discusses a case report of a 26-year-old male patient with a right nasal cavity mass. Examination found a solitary pinkish pedunculated mass attached to the lateral nasal cavity wall. CT scan showed a large mass arising from the right middle meatus. A provisional diagnosis of inverted papilloma was made. Inverted papilloma is a benign tumor that arises from the nasal mucosa but can recur, cause destruction, and transform into squamous cell carcinoma. Surgical resection is the main treatment approach.
The document discusses surgical approaches for frontal sinus conditions. It describes the anatomy of the frontal sinus and various open and endoscopic surgical procedures for treating chronic sinusitis, trauma, tumors, and other indications. Open approaches include trephination, frontal sinusotomy, and ablation. Endoscopic approaches include DRAF types I-III. Complications and considerations for each procedure are also outlined.
India Endoscopic Sinus | Sinus Surgery in IndiaIndiacarez
indiacarez affiliated Sinus Surgery and Endoscopic Sinus specialists Hospitals offers Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment for sinus and nose diseases by Endoscopic sinus surgery
This document provides an overview of frontal sinus surgery, including the surgical anatomy, types of procedures, indications, and complications. It describes both open and endoscopic approaches. Open approaches discussed include trephination, frontal sinusotomy, frontoethmoidectomy, cranialization, and ablation. Endoscopic approaches include Draf types I-III and frontal sinus rescue procedures. Complications of both open and endoscopic procedures are also summarized.
Laryngotracial trauma with anatomy and managementAzadmeena7
This document discusses laryngeal trauma, including anatomy, mechanisms of injury, diagnosis, evaluation, classification, and management. It covers various types of laryngeal injuries such as blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, fractures, and caustic or thermal injuries. Management is based on the Fuhrman classification and involves supportive care, endoscopic examination, tracheostomy, or surgical repair depending on the severity of injury. The goal is to secure the airway and properly treat any fractures, lacerations, exposed cartilage, or other structural damage to the larynx.
Orbit is a quadrilateral pyramidal cavity containing the eye. It has thin walls that are susceptible to infection, inflammation and neoplasia from adjacent sinonasal structures. Key surgical anatomy includes thin medial and inferior walls, lacrimal apparatus, extraocular muscles and neurovascular supply. Sinonasal pathology such as mucocoeles, chronic dacrocystitis and tumors can spread to the orbit. Trauma or endoscopic sinus surgery can also cause orbital complications requiring reconstruction or decompression. Imaging guides management of orbital pathology and involvement in sinonasal disease.
1) The frontal sinus and surrounding anatomy can vary significantly between individuals. Abnormal structures like agger nasi cells can obstruct the frontal sinus and contribute to sinusitis.
2) Surgical approaches to the frontal sinus include trephination, endoscopy, and various external and endonasal procedures. The goal is to establish drainage while preserving surrounding structures.
3) Common pathologies of the frontal sinus discussed include osteomas, fibrous dysplasia, and inverted papillomas. Surgical techniques aim to completely remove tumors while preserving function and minimizing recurrence risk.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and surgical procedures related to the maxillary sinus. It begins with the development, anatomy, functions, relations, and applied anatomy of the maxillary sinus. It then discusses diseases that can involve the sinus, including sinusitis, infections, tumors, and oroantral fistulas. Finally, it reviews surgical procedures such as Caldwell-Luc operation, functional endoscopic sinus surgery, sinus lifts, and treatments for maxillary sinus fractures and displaced teeth. In summary, the document is a comprehensive review of the maxillary sinus from an anatomical and surgical perspective.
This presentation discusses a case report of a 26-year-old male patient with a right nasal cavity mass. Examination found a solitary pinkish pedunculated mass attached to the lateral nasal cavity wall. CT scan showed a large mass arising from the right middle meatus. A provisional diagnosis of inverted papilloma was made. Inverted papilloma is a benign tumor that arises from the nasal mucosa but can recur, cause destruction, and transform into squamous cell carcinoma. Surgical resection is the main treatment approach.
The document discusses surgical approaches for frontal sinus conditions. It describes the anatomy of the frontal sinus and various open and endoscopic surgical procedures for treating chronic sinusitis, trauma, tumors, and other indications. Open approaches include trephination, frontal sinusotomy, and ablation. Endoscopic approaches include DRAF types I-III. Complications and considerations for each procedure are also outlined.
India Endoscopic Sinus | Sinus Surgery in IndiaIndiacarez
indiacarez affiliated Sinus Surgery and Endoscopic Sinus specialists Hospitals offers Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment for sinus and nose diseases by Endoscopic sinus surgery
This document provides an overview of frontal sinus surgery, including the surgical anatomy, types of procedures, indications, and complications. It describes both open and endoscopic approaches. Open approaches discussed include trephination, frontal sinusotomy, frontoethmoidectomy, cranialization, and ablation. Endoscopic approaches include Draf types I-III and frontal sinus rescue procedures. Complications of both open and endoscopic procedures are also summarized.
Laryngotracial trauma with anatomy and managementAzadmeena7
This document discusses laryngeal trauma, including anatomy, mechanisms of injury, diagnosis, evaluation, classification, and management. It covers various types of laryngeal injuries such as blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, fractures, and caustic or thermal injuries. Management is based on the Fuhrman classification and involves supportive care, endoscopic examination, tracheostomy, or surgical repair depending on the severity of injury. The goal is to secure the airway and properly treat any fractures, lacerations, exposed cartilage, or other structural damage to the larynx.
This document discusses myringoplasty, a surgical procedure to repair perforations of the eardrum. It describes common otologic procedures, objectives and prerequisites of myringoplasty, graft materials including biological options, advantages of different graft types like temporalis fascia, and classifications of myringoplasty techniques including advantages and disadvantages of onlay and underlay approaches. The aim of myringoplasty is to close perforations and improve hearing by restoring the eardrum and middle ear function.
Mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure to access and treat infections or diseases of the mastoid air cells behind the ear. The summary describes:
1. The history of mastoidectomy dates back to ancient times, with modern improvements like the operating microscope in the 20th century.
2. There are different classifications of mastoidectomy based on the extent of air cell removal and whether the ear canal wall is intact or removed.
3. Indications for mastoidectomy include treatment of infections, drainage of abscesses, and approaches for other inner ear surgeries. Complications can include injuries to nearby structures like the dura, facial nerve or blood vessels.
This document defines tympanoplasty and provides a history and overview of the procedure. It begins by defining tympanoplasty as a procedure to eradicate disease in the middle ear and reconstruct the hearing mechanism, with or without grafting of the tympanic membrane. It then discusses the history of developments in tympanoplasty techniques from the 1950s onward. The document outlines the aims, objectives, types based on various classification systems, indications, contraindications and steps of performing tympanoplasty.
This document provides information on juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA), a rare benign tumor that occurs mostly in adolescent males. JNAs originate from sex steroid-stimulated hamartomatous tissue in the nasal cavity. They are highly vascular tumors that can locally invade structures in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and skull base. Imaging like CT and MRI are used to determine the extent of disease. The Fisch staging system, which classifies JNAs into 4 types based on their extent, is commonly used to guide treatment planning.
This document discusses sinonasal tumours, including:
1. It classifies sinonasal tumours by tissue of origin such as epithelial, neuroendocrine, soft tissue, bone, etc. and lists examples of benign and malignant lesions within each tissue.
2. It provides details on specific benign tumours such as inverted papilloma, haemangioma, and juvenile angiofibroma.
3. It also discusses malignant tumours of the sinonasal region like squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma and haemangiopericytoma.
This document discusses endoscope-assisted middle ear surgery. Some key points:
1) Endoscopes allow wide field visualization with minimal exposure and can see behind obstructions or into recesses with less surgical exposure than conventional techniques.
2) Endoscopes are useful for visualizing the epitympanic recess, facial recess, sinus tympani, Eustachian tube, and hypotympanum.
3) Potential indications for middle ear endoscopy include unexplained conductive hearing loss, trauma, cholesteatoma, perilymph fistula, and follow-up for cholesteatoma.
Myringoplasty is a procedure to repair a perforated eardrum using a graft without examining the middle ear. It aims to replace the missing fibrous layer and allow regeneration of skin and mucosa over the graft. The document discusses the indications, contraindications, surgical approaches, techniques, post-op care, complications and advantages/disadvantages of the underlay and overlay techniques. The key steps of underlay involve freshening the perforation edges, elevating the tympanomeatal flap, placing the graft under the flap and reposing the flap. Overlay places the graft over the remaining eardrum and covers it with the elevated skin.
This document discusses oroantral communications, which are abnormal openings between the mouth and maxillary sinus. It notes various causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests like x-rays, and findings. Treatment options are presented, including determining the size of the defect to decide between spontaneous healing or surgical closure using various flap techniques. Immediate surgical repair with antibiotics, decongestants and analgesics is often recommended. Long term management may also involve supportive medical treatment and later definitive surgical repair once acute issues subside.
This document describes the case of a 25-year-old male who presented with a 1-year history of nosebleeds and 4 months of nasal blockage. Examination and imaging revealed a mass in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. The patient underwent surgery via a transmaxillary approach to excise a juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Post-operatively, the mass was histologically confirmed to be a benign but locally invasive tumor that predominantly affects adolescent males.
This document provides information about mastoidectomy surgery. It describes the anatomy of the mastoid bone and surrounding structures. Conditions that may require mastoidectomy like cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma are discussed. The document outlines different types of mastoidectomy procedures including canal wall up versus canal wall down approaches. Key steps in the surgical procedure are summarized such as identifying anatomical landmarks, removing the cholesteatoma sac, and drilling to access specific areas like the attic, mastoid antrum, and facial recess.
This document discusses potential complications that can arise from mastoid surgery to treat cholesteatoma. It describes recurrent or residual cholesteatoma, postoperative infection, persistent drainage from the ear, hearing loss, dizziness, facial nerve injury, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage as some complications. It provides details on treating and managing each complication, such as using topical medications and revision surgery to address persistent drainage, and applying grafts or plugs to control bleeding from vascular injuries during surgery.
Surgical approach to middle ear,mastoid mamoonMamoon Ameen
The three main surgical approaches to the middle ear are transcanal, endaural, and postaural. The appropriate approach depends on factors like the planned extent of surgery and anatomical findings. Transcanal is commonly used for tympanoplasty and is less traumatic than postaural, but has limited access to mastoid cells. Endaural is best for infants due to easy graft access and visibility of epitympanum, but difficult for mastoid procedures. Postaural provides full mastoid exposure and is used for extensive procedures like radical mastoidectomy.
The document discusses the radiological anatomy of the frontal sinus. It describes the complex and variable embryology and development of the frontal sinus. The frontal sinus drainage pathway is also highly variable and consists of superior and inferior compartments. The key anatomical structures that impact frontal sinus drainage include the frontal beak, frontal recess, agger nasi cells, uncinate process, bulla, and ethmoidal infundibulum. Variations in how these structures form and attach can affect how the frontal sinus drains.
ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY FOR JUVENILE ANGIOFIBROMADražen Shejbal
This document describes endoscopic surgery for juvenile angiofibroma in two case studies. Juvenile angiofibroma is a highly vascularized benign tumor that typically affects adolescent boys, presenting with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. It originates in the nasal cavity and can invade local structures such as the sinuses. Endoscopic surgery was performed on two boys, ages 12 and 14, who presented with nasal obstruction and occasional epistaxis. The endoscopic approach allowed for tumor removal with magnified views but is limited to smaller tumors. Post-surgical follow up with MRI was conducted for several years to monitor recurrence.
This document discusses oroantral fistula, which is a pathological communication between the oral cavity and maxillary sinus. It can develop after maxillary tooth extractions or other surgical procedures if the communication is not properly closed. The document covers the anatomy of the maxillary sinus, causes of oroantral fistula, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and various surgical treatment options like buccal flaps and palatal rotational flaps to close the communication. Autogenous tissue flaps are often used to close openings under 4mm, while larger defects require excision and closure with flaps to prevent complications like sinus infection or food entering the sinus.
The document discusses sinus surgery and endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). It covers the anatomy and embryology of the paranasal sinuses. It describes the osteomeatal complex and various sinus cells. It discusses techniques, complications, and post-operative care for FESS. It also mentions balloon sinuplasty as a newer minimally invasive technique for certain sinus diseases.
The document provides information about the mastoidectomy procedure:
- It begins with classifications of mastoidectomies as canal wall up (CWU) vs canal wall down (CWD) procedures.
- Surgical anatomy and important structures like the tegmen, sigmoid sinus and facial nerve are discussed.
- Indications for cortical mastoidectomy include mastoiditis and cholesteatoma.
- The procedure involves making a postaural incision, removing the mastoid cortex to expose the air cells and mastoid antrum, and completely clearing out the accessible mastoid air cells while preserving key structures like the tegmen and posterior canal wall.
This document discusses oroantral communication, which is a communication between the maxillary sinus and oral cavity that can occur after extraction of upper molars. It describes the etiology, signs and symptoms, patients at high risk, diagnosis, prevention, management, and complications of oroantral communication. The management depends on the size of the opening and may involve ensuring a blood clot forms, suturing, antibiotics, or surgical closure of larger openings using buccal or palatal flaps. Complications include postoperative maxillary sinusitis or formation of a chronic oroantral fistula.
This document presents a case report of a recurrent inverted papilloma. It begins with background information on inverted papilloma, including that it is a benign epithelial growth in the nasal cavity and sinuses that is known for its invasiveness and tendency to recur. It then describes the specific case of a 26-year-old male who presented with a mass in his right nasal cavity and had a history of a similar mass 5 years prior. After surgery, the mass recurred within 2 years. The excised tissue was examined histopathologically and revealed features consistent with inverted papilloma.
This document discusses endoscopic skull base and pituitary surgery from the perspectives of an otolaryngologist and anesthesiologist. It begins by outlining the anatomy of the skull base and approaches to the area. Common procedures discussed include tumor biopsy, excision, and CSF leak repair. Key preoperative considerations for the anesthesiologist include understanding the planned procedure and tumor type in order to focus evaluation on relevant risk factors. Pituitary tumors can cause endocrine abnormalities and increased intracranial pressure. A thorough history, physical, and labs are important to optimize patient management during surgery.
Weplan es un servicio que ayuda a ahorrar en la tarifa telefónica al estar siempre conectados de forma más económica. Ofrece ahorros del 80% para usuarios de Android que pueden monitorear su uso de datos a través de puntos de datos y gráficos estadísticos.
CitySprint Healthcare provides a range of healthcare distribution services including urgent transportation of blood, medicines, samples, and medical records. They have over 25 years of experience serving hospitals and pharmaceutical sectors. Their services include specimen and pathology transportation, hospital based courier services, pharmaceutical logistics, and clinical trials support. They have a national network of over 37 service centers and 2500 couriers to provide 24/7 coverage across the UK.
This document discusses myringoplasty, a surgical procedure to repair perforations of the eardrum. It describes common otologic procedures, objectives and prerequisites of myringoplasty, graft materials including biological options, advantages of different graft types like temporalis fascia, and classifications of myringoplasty techniques including advantages and disadvantages of onlay and underlay approaches. The aim of myringoplasty is to close perforations and improve hearing by restoring the eardrum and middle ear function.
Mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure to access and treat infections or diseases of the mastoid air cells behind the ear. The summary describes:
1. The history of mastoidectomy dates back to ancient times, with modern improvements like the operating microscope in the 20th century.
2. There are different classifications of mastoidectomy based on the extent of air cell removal and whether the ear canal wall is intact or removed.
3. Indications for mastoidectomy include treatment of infections, drainage of abscesses, and approaches for other inner ear surgeries. Complications can include injuries to nearby structures like the dura, facial nerve or blood vessels.
This document defines tympanoplasty and provides a history and overview of the procedure. It begins by defining tympanoplasty as a procedure to eradicate disease in the middle ear and reconstruct the hearing mechanism, with or without grafting of the tympanic membrane. It then discusses the history of developments in tympanoplasty techniques from the 1950s onward. The document outlines the aims, objectives, types based on various classification systems, indications, contraindications and steps of performing tympanoplasty.
This document provides information on juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA), a rare benign tumor that occurs mostly in adolescent males. JNAs originate from sex steroid-stimulated hamartomatous tissue in the nasal cavity. They are highly vascular tumors that can locally invade structures in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and skull base. Imaging like CT and MRI are used to determine the extent of disease. The Fisch staging system, which classifies JNAs into 4 types based on their extent, is commonly used to guide treatment planning.
This document discusses sinonasal tumours, including:
1. It classifies sinonasal tumours by tissue of origin such as epithelial, neuroendocrine, soft tissue, bone, etc. and lists examples of benign and malignant lesions within each tissue.
2. It provides details on specific benign tumours such as inverted papilloma, haemangioma, and juvenile angiofibroma.
3. It also discusses malignant tumours of the sinonasal region like squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma and haemangiopericytoma.
This document discusses endoscope-assisted middle ear surgery. Some key points:
1) Endoscopes allow wide field visualization with minimal exposure and can see behind obstructions or into recesses with less surgical exposure than conventional techniques.
2) Endoscopes are useful for visualizing the epitympanic recess, facial recess, sinus tympani, Eustachian tube, and hypotympanum.
3) Potential indications for middle ear endoscopy include unexplained conductive hearing loss, trauma, cholesteatoma, perilymph fistula, and follow-up for cholesteatoma.
Myringoplasty is a procedure to repair a perforated eardrum using a graft without examining the middle ear. It aims to replace the missing fibrous layer and allow regeneration of skin and mucosa over the graft. The document discusses the indications, contraindications, surgical approaches, techniques, post-op care, complications and advantages/disadvantages of the underlay and overlay techniques. The key steps of underlay involve freshening the perforation edges, elevating the tympanomeatal flap, placing the graft under the flap and reposing the flap. Overlay places the graft over the remaining eardrum and covers it with the elevated skin.
This document discusses oroantral communications, which are abnormal openings between the mouth and maxillary sinus. It notes various causes, symptoms, diagnostic tests like x-rays, and findings. Treatment options are presented, including determining the size of the defect to decide between spontaneous healing or surgical closure using various flap techniques. Immediate surgical repair with antibiotics, decongestants and analgesics is often recommended. Long term management may also involve supportive medical treatment and later definitive surgical repair once acute issues subside.
This document describes the case of a 25-year-old male who presented with a 1-year history of nosebleeds and 4 months of nasal blockage. Examination and imaging revealed a mass in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. The patient underwent surgery via a transmaxillary approach to excise a juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Post-operatively, the mass was histologically confirmed to be a benign but locally invasive tumor that predominantly affects adolescent males.
This document provides information about mastoidectomy surgery. It describes the anatomy of the mastoid bone and surrounding structures. Conditions that may require mastoidectomy like cholesteatoma and cholesterol granuloma are discussed. The document outlines different types of mastoidectomy procedures including canal wall up versus canal wall down approaches. Key steps in the surgical procedure are summarized such as identifying anatomical landmarks, removing the cholesteatoma sac, and drilling to access specific areas like the attic, mastoid antrum, and facial recess.
This document discusses potential complications that can arise from mastoid surgery to treat cholesteatoma. It describes recurrent or residual cholesteatoma, postoperative infection, persistent drainage from the ear, hearing loss, dizziness, facial nerve injury, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage as some complications. It provides details on treating and managing each complication, such as using topical medications and revision surgery to address persistent drainage, and applying grafts or plugs to control bleeding from vascular injuries during surgery.
Surgical approach to middle ear,mastoid mamoonMamoon Ameen
The three main surgical approaches to the middle ear are transcanal, endaural, and postaural. The appropriate approach depends on factors like the planned extent of surgery and anatomical findings. Transcanal is commonly used for tympanoplasty and is less traumatic than postaural, but has limited access to mastoid cells. Endaural is best for infants due to easy graft access and visibility of epitympanum, but difficult for mastoid procedures. Postaural provides full mastoid exposure and is used for extensive procedures like radical mastoidectomy.
The document discusses the radiological anatomy of the frontal sinus. It describes the complex and variable embryology and development of the frontal sinus. The frontal sinus drainage pathway is also highly variable and consists of superior and inferior compartments. The key anatomical structures that impact frontal sinus drainage include the frontal beak, frontal recess, agger nasi cells, uncinate process, bulla, and ethmoidal infundibulum. Variations in how these structures form and attach can affect how the frontal sinus drains.
ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY FOR JUVENILE ANGIOFIBROMADražen Shejbal
This document describes endoscopic surgery for juvenile angiofibroma in two case studies. Juvenile angiofibroma is a highly vascularized benign tumor that typically affects adolescent boys, presenting with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. It originates in the nasal cavity and can invade local structures such as the sinuses. Endoscopic surgery was performed on two boys, ages 12 and 14, who presented with nasal obstruction and occasional epistaxis. The endoscopic approach allowed for tumor removal with magnified views but is limited to smaller tumors. Post-surgical follow up with MRI was conducted for several years to monitor recurrence.
This document discusses oroantral fistula, which is a pathological communication between the oral cavity and maxillary sinus. It can develop after maxillary tooth extractions or other surgical procedures if the communication is not properly closed. The document covers the anatomy of the maxillary sinus, causes of oroantral fistula, clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and various surgical treatment options like buccal flaps and palatal rotational flaps to close the communication. Autogenous tissue flaps are often used to close openings under 4mm, while larger defects require excision and closure with flaps to prevent complications like sinus infection or food entering the sinus.
The document discusses sinus surgery and endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). It covers the anatomy and embryology of the paranasal sinuses. It describes the osteomeatal complex and various sinus cells. It discusses techniques, complications, and post-operative care for FESS. It also mentions balloon sinuplasty as a newer minimally invasive technique for certain sinus diseases.
The document provides information about the mastoidectomy procedure:
- It begins with classifications of mastoidectomies as canal wall up (CWU) vs canal wall down (CWD) procedures.
- Surgical anatomy and important structures like the tegmen, sigmoid sinus and facial nerve are discussed.
- Indications for cortical mastoidectomy include mastoiditis and cholesteatoma.
- The procedure involves making a postaural incision, removing the mastoid cortex to expose the air cells and mastoid antrum, and completely clearing out the accessible mastoid air cells while preserving key structures like the tegmen and posterior canal wall.
This document discusses oroantral communication, which is a communication between the maxillary sinus and oral cavity that can occur after extraction of upper molars. It describes the etiology, signs and symptoms, patients at high risk, diagnosis, prevention, management, and complications of oroantral communication. The management depends on the size of the opening and may involve ensuring a blood clot forms, suturing, antibiotics, or surgical closure of larger openings using buccal or palatal flaps. Complications include postoperative maxillary sinusitis or formation of a chronic oroantral fistula.
This document presents a case report of a recurrent inverted papilloma. It begins with background information on inverted papilloma, including that it is a benign epithelial growth in the nasal cavity and sinuses that is known for its invasiveness and tendency to recur. It then describes the specific case of a 26-year-old male who presented with a mass in his right nasal cavity and had a history of a similar mass 5 years prior. After surgery, the mass recurred within 2 years. The excised tissue was examined histopathologically and revealed features consistent with inverted papilloma.
This document discusses endoscopic skull base and pituitary surgery from the perspectives of an otolaryngologist and anesthesiologist. It begins by outlining the anatomy of the skull base and approaches to the area. Common procedures discussed include tumor biopsy, excision, and CSF leak repair. Key preoperative considerations for the anesthesiologist include understanding the planned procedure and tumor type in order to focus evaluation on relevant risk factors. Pituitary tumors can cause endocrine abnormalities and increased intracranial pressure. A thorough history, physical, and labs are important to optimize patient management during surgery.
Weplan es un servicio que ayuda a ahorrar en la tarifa telefónica al estar siempre conectados de forma más económica. Ofrece ahorros del 80% para usuarios de Android que pueden monitorear su uso de datos a través de puntos de datos y gráficos estadísticos.
CitySprint Healthcare provides a range of healthcare distribution services including urgent transportation of blood, medicines, samples, and medical records. They have over 25 years of experience serving hospitals and pharmaceutical sectors. Their services include specimen and pathology transportation, hospital based courier services, pharmaceutical logistics, and clinical trials support. They have a national network of over 37 service centers and 2500 couriers to provide 24/7 coverage across the UK.
Background and objectives: Iron is one of the major component
of hemoglobin, is required for transport of oxygen, ferritin is a
protein for storage iron, and transferring is a protein for iron
transport, all these it may be change in breast cancer.
The aim of present study was to measure the serum ferritin, iron,
total iron binding capacity, transferring, and C-reactive protein
concentration in breast tumors.
Material and method: A prospective study was carried out from
April 2013 to August 2014 by clinical biochemistry department in
College of Pharmacy-University of Sulaimani on (45) healthy
female individuals, (group 1) and (50) females with breast tumor
(group 2).
Results: The mean value of serum iron, transferring, total iron
binding capacity were significantly lower in females with breast
tumors (group 2), than that of healthy female individuals, (group
1), while serum ferritin was significantly higher in females with
breast tumors (group2), than that of healthy individuals (group
1).
Conclusion: Based on findings of the present study it can be
concluded that breast tumors can cause deficient of all iron
profile except ferritin will be increase in female breast cancers.
Key words- Serum iron, S.Ferritin, S. Total iron binding, S.
Transferrin, S.C-Reactive protein, breast tumors.
Aristotle wrote about 200 treatises on a wide range of topics, including logic, metaphysics, philosophy of science, ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics, rhetoric, physics, astronomy and biology. He transformed many areas of knowledge. The document also discusses the Popocatepetl volcano in Mexico, describing its name meaning "smoking mountain" and classification as a stratovolcano formed from layers of ash and fragments. It notes the municipalities that border the volcano across the states of Mexico, Morelos and Puebla.
This document discusses using genetic algorithms to forecast a country's GDP. It begins with an introduction to genetic algorithms and how they can be applied to problems like GDP forecasting. It then provides details on GDP calculation methods and key factors considered. The proposed system would use a genetic algorithm approach trained on historical economic data to predict a country's GDP over a year in advance. This would analyze trends, policies, investments and other changing economic conditions to generate adaptive forecasts. Developing the algorithm and testing the approach on real data is considered future work.
The present study was conducted at Lucknow
District in Uttar Pradesh. The purpose of this study is to
document how being perform in extra-curricular activities can
influence development in academics, social skills, and high school
completion. In this paper we study the possible influence of
extracurricular activities on student’s performance of eighth-and
ninth graders. 120 students of age group between 13 to 16 years
comprised the sample of the study. Self-made questionnaire for
school students were administered. Data was analyzed in term of
percentage and t-test analysis. The statistical analysis revealed
that all the 6 types of extracurricular activities, viz. Yoga, Horse
riding, Sport activities, Dance, Music and Indoor and outdoor
activities together showed significant role in some extracurricular
activities and Student’s performance of Government and Private
School. Students who participate in extracurricular activities
generally benefit from the many opportunities afforded them.
Benefits of participating in extracurricular activities included
having better grades, having higher standardized test scores and
higher educational attainment, attending school more regularly,
and having higher a higher self-concept. Those who participate in
out-of-school activities often have higher grade point averages, a
decrease in absenteeism, and an increased connectedness to the
school. Finally, we discuss the possible influence of
extracurricular activities on student’s performance and whether
such participation is advisable
This document proposes a new technique to solve the key exchange problem in cryptography. It discusses existing key exchange methods that rely on additional encryption processes or pre-shared secrets. The proposed method mixes the cipher key with the encrypted data block such that only the intended receiver can extract both the key and data. This allows key exchange without pre-sharing secrets or additional encryption steps. It aims to provide a more efficient and secure key exchange technique compared to traditional methods.
The quality of any body of surface or ground water
is a function of either both natural influences and human
influences. Without human influences water quality would be
determined by the weathering of bedrock minerals, by the
atmospheric processes of evaporation, transpiration and the
deposition of dust and salt by wind, by the natural leaching of
organic matter and nutrients from soil, by hydrological factors
that lead to runoff, and by biological processes within the aquatic
environment that can alter the physical and chemical
composition of water. Declining water quality has become a
global issue of concern as human populations griesrow, industrial
and agricultural activities expand, and climate change threatens
to cause major alterations to the hydrological cycle.
Multiagent Based Methodologies have become an
important subject of research in advance Software Engineering.
Several methodologies have been proposed as, a theoretical
approach, to facilitate and support the development of complex
distributed systems. An important question when facing the
construction of Agent Applications is deciding which
methodology to follow. Trying to answer this question, a
framework with several criteria is applied in this paper for the
comparative analysis of existing multiagent system
methodologies. The results of the comparative over two of them,
conclude that those methodologies have not reached a sufficient
maturity level to be used by the software industry. The
framework has also proved its utility for the evaluation of any
kind of Multiagent Based Software Engineering Methodology
Change is the only thing which is constant in this
today’s era. Constant technology updates demand building up
and falling down of infrastructure along with cost involvement.
Today there is a need of adaptive infrastructure called Ad hoc
network.
Ad hoc network is a collection of two or more nodes with
wireless communication having network capability that they can
communicate without centralized manner. So, at any time host
devices may act as a router or as a node. Ad hoc networks can be
erected as wireless technology, comprising of Radio Frequency
(RF) and infrared frequency.
Wireless Ad hoc network is Temporary, Infrastructure less,
Decentralized, self-organized packet switched network. In this
network topology changes dynamically which can results change
in link failure or broken. In this paper we evaluate the
performance parameters like Throughput, End-to-End Delay and
Packet Delivery Ratio of AODV (ad hoc on Demand Vector) and
DSDV (Destination Sequential Distance Vector) protocol. The
simulation tool used is Network Simulator 2 -2.35
This document provides an introduction to finance concepts for a business principles course. It discusses key topics like the importance of cash over profit, debt versus equity sources of funding, and the working capital cycle. The learning outcomes are to explain the difference between cash and profit, compare debt and equity, evaluate financing options, and understand the importance of cash flow to a business. The document also outlines different sources of funding like loans, leasing, overdrafts, and shares, and how their costs vary based on risk level.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of nutrients on rice plants grown in sodic soils. The study was conducted over two years on a farmer's field in India. Soil tests found the soil to be low in organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, zinc and manganese, and medium in potassium. Rice yields and plant nutrient concentrations increased with the addition of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, zinc and manganese fertilizers. The highest yield increases came from nitrogen application, followed by phosphorus and potassium. Cumulatively, the added nutrients increased yields by over 80% compared to the control plot with no added nutrients. The soil was found to be deficient in all the nutrients tested. Satisfactory
This document is an introduction to a course on the French past tense called "passé composé". It aims to teach students the basic level of this tense in a clear and simple way. The course covers the structure of the passé composé, the auxiliary verbs être and avoir, reflexive verbs in the past tense, how to form the negative, exercises, and a final evaluation. The objectives are for students to master the passé composé, learn related vocabulary, distinguish the tenses, and easily classify regular and irregular verbs.
Chintakunta Prasanth is a Prince2 Practitioner with 16 years of experience in project management, IT infrastructure management, data center operations, and other areas. He is currently a Senior Project Manager at Infosys working on an engagement with Harley Davidson. Previously he held project and program management roles at IBM, Mahindra Satyam, Tata Consultancy Services, and Stock Holding Corporation of India.
Tarrall Yanzu conducted research on waste management systems to encourage household recycling. He reviewed literature on the types and impacts of waste, finding that while household recycling rates have increased in the UK, more can be done to encourage full participation and reduce waste sent to landfills. His research covered existing waste collection and composting systems. He plans to develop a technical specification and concept designs for a new waste management system to further increase household recycling rates.
Background: Septoplasty is a common surgical
procedure performed by otolaryngologists for the correction of
deviated nasal septum. This surgery may be associated with
numerous complications. To minimize these complications,
otolaryngologists frequently pack both nasal cavities with
different types of nasal packing. Despite all its advantages,
nasal packing is also associated with some disadvantages. To
avoid these issues, many surgeons use suturing techniques to
obviate the need for packing after surgery.
Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of trans-septal
suture technique in preventing complications and decreasing
morbidity after septoplasty in comparison with nasal packing.
Patients and methods: Prospective comparative study. This
study was conducted in the department of Otolaryngology -
Head and Neck Surgery, Rizgary Teaching Hospital - Erbil,
from the 6th of May 2014 to the 30th of November 2014.
A total of 60 patients aged 18-45 years, undergoing septoplasty,
were included in the study. Before surgery, patients were
randomly divided into two equal groups. Group (A) with transseptal
suture technique was compared with group (B) in which
nasal packing with Merocel was done. Postoperative morbidity
in terms of pain, bleeding, postnasal drip, sleep disturbance,
dysphagia, headache and epiphora along with postoperative
complications including septal hematoma, septal perforation,
crustation and synechiae formation were assessed over a follow
up period of four weeks.
Results: Out of 60 patients, 37 patients were males (61.7%)
and 23 patients were females (38.3%). Patients with nasal
packing had significantly more postoperative pain (P<0.05)><0.05). There was no significant difference between
the two groups with respect to nasal bleeding, septal
hematoma, septal perforation, crustation and synechiae
formation.
Conclusion: Septoplasty can be safely performed using transseptal
suturing technique without nasal packing.
Dr. Rahul VC Tiwari - Fellowship In Orthognathic Surgery - Jubilee Mission Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Thrissur, Kerala - 20TH PUBLICATION - IJADS
8th publication - Dr Rahul VC Tiwari - Department of oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Takkellapadu,Guntur, Andhra Pradesh - 522509.
Dr. Ahmed M. Adawy, Professor Emeritus, Dep. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. Former Dean, Faculty of Dental Medicine
Al-Azhar University. There are four pairs of air sinuses making the boundaries of the nasal cavity. Maxillary sinus is the largest air cell. Anatomy and physiology of the maxillary sinus are given. Maxillary sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinus. Odontogenic causes represent nearly 30% of the etiology. Clinical and radiographic examinations are discussed together with treatment plan.
Oro-antral fistula is a rare complication of surgery at the posterior maxillary region. Several techniques for closure are presented. Additionally, information about sinus lift procedure is given.
[Dr. Suh's thesis in International journal SCI]
“A Novel technique for short nose correction”
The nominated thesis is about A Novel technique for short nose correction; Hybrid septal extension graft that have acquired the favorable reputation internationally based on the advanced clinical experiences.
RCT on Base tie in laparoscopic appendecomy (Journal Club).pptxadnanhabib31
This is ppt made on a study based on Randomised controlled trial on the tie of appendix base in laparoscopic appendectomy by hem-o-lok,endoloop or stapler.This study showed that hem-o-lok clips are better and cheaper as compared to others.
This document provides an overview of the maxillary sinus, including its anatomy, development, functions, clinical examination, common infections, and considerations for dental implants. The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus located within the maxilla. It is pyramidal in shape and has boundaries of the orbital floor, lateral nasal wall, and alveolar process. The sinus develops during gestation and pneumatizes after tooth loss. Examination involves transillumination and radiography to identify infections or anatomical variations. Maxillary sinus augmentation may be needed to place implants when bone quantity is insufficient.
1) MRI is useful for evaluating perianal fistulae to guide surgical management and avoid recurrence. Key sequences include T2-weighted and fat-suppressed T2 to delineate anatomy and identify tracts/abscesses.
2) Fistulae are classified based on their relationship to sphincter muscles. Parks classification describes 4 main types: intersphincteric, transphincteric, suprasphincteric, and extrasphincteric.
3) Reporting should include tract location, course, relationship to sphincters, and classification as simple or complex based on involvement of muscles. This aids surgical planning for fistulotomy or seton placement.
This document provides a synopsis for a study comparing the use of temporalis fascia with and without platelet rich fibrin (PRF) for myringoplasty. The study aims to evaluate the success rates and benefits of PRF in improving hearing outcomes when applied to the temporalis fascia graft. It is a prospective study that will recruit 100 patients with inactive chronic otitis media requiring myringoplasty, who will be divided into two groups: one receiving temporalis fascia alone and the other receiving PRF applied to the fascia graft. Patients will be followed for 12 weeks to assess graft healing and post-operative hearing.
Abstract—Submental intubation is a method for airway without trachiotomy. This study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the frequency, indications, and outcomes of airway management by submental intubation in maxillofacial trauma patients and comparison with tracheostomy regarding its advantages and disadvantages.40 patients with maxillofacial injuries were selected for submental intubation who required tracheostomy/ retromolar intubation in a 2 year period (2013–2015). Submental intubation permitted reduction and fixation of all the fractures without the interference of the tube during surgical procedure in all of the patients. It avoids retromolar intubation/ tracheostomy and its disadvantages.Thus,Submental intubation is a simple, safe, with low morbidity technique for operative airway management in maxillofacial trauma patients when there are fractures involving the nasal region and concomitant dental occlusion disturbances who required retromolar intubation/ tracheostomy for airway management during surgery.
A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening into the trachea (windpipe) through which a tube is inserted to allow breathing. It may be needed to relieve upper airway obstruction or to provide assisted ventilation. Complications can include bleeding, infection, tracheal stenosis, and difficulty removing the tube. Careful surgical technique and post-op management are important to prevent complications.
This study compared two types of fenestrated tracheostomy tubes in 87 patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. Type I had multiple small fenestrae while Type II had a single large fenestra. Outcomes assessed included granulation formation, need for suctioning, and tube blockages. At 6 months, Type II was associated with less granulation through the fenestra, no stomal granulation, and fewer tube blockages. The study concluded that Type II fenestrated tracheostomy tubes had fewer complications and allowed for earlier decannulation. However, larger studies are still needed to provide clearer guidance on optimal tube selection.
Seminar on para nasal sinus and it's prosthodontics implications Dr Aditi Shreya
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the paranasal sinuses. It begins with an introduction and overview of the contents. It then covers the development, anatomy, histology, physiology and functions of the paranasal sinuses. Specific attention is paid to the maxillary sinus, including its examination, diagnostic imaging, pathology, microbiology, treatment and prosthodontic considerations. Violations of the hard palate from maxillary sinus tumors are also briefly discussed.
orthognathic surgery is very intresting and well knowing branch in oral surgery ....this presentation is dealing with jaw correction surgery in upper jaw.
Deviated Nasal Septum Correction by Septoplasty with Turbinoplasty and Intran...iosrjce
This document summarizes a study on correcting deviated nasal septums through septoplasty with turbinoplasty and the use of an intranasal flexible plastic splint. The study was conducted in Libya from 2012-2014 and included 75 patients, most of whom were male. Deviated nasal septums were diagnosed using various examination techniques and treated with septoplasty, turbinoplasty, and insertion of an intranasal splint. Patients who received the splint recovered faster with fewer complications like synechia formation. The study concludes that combining septoplasty with turbinoplasty and use of an intranasal splint improves outcomes by reducing complications and allowing for faster recovery.
5th publication -Dr Rahul VC Tiwari - Department of ral and Maxillofacial Surgery, SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Takkellapadu,Guntur, Andhra Pradesh - 522509.
Sinus Lift with implant placement-surgical approachspsangeetaporiya
This document provides an overview of sinus grafting procedures for dental implants. It defines maxillary sinus grafting as a procedure to increase bone thickness in the posterior maxilla when there is insufficient bone for dental implants. The document describes the surgical anatomy of the maxillary sinus and the conventional lateral window approach for sinus grafting. This involves raising a bone window to access the sinus membrane, elevating the membrane to increase bone height, then grafting and often simultaneously placing dental implants. The document outlines indications, contraindications and postoperative care for sinus grafting.
This document summarizes research on metal-on-metal hip implants. It discusses how metal-on-metal hip implants were developed over 30 years ago and have been refined through advances in manufacturing and materials science. It reviews various modeling techniques used to analyze the performance of metal-on-metal hip implants, including finite element analysis, numerical solutions of Reynolds' equation, and multi-grid methods. The document finds that while metal-on-metal implants offer strengths like strength and low wear rates, more research is still needed to fully understand factors like lubrication, materials used, geometry, and input parameters in order to minimize failures and revision surgeries.
Background Hospital contributes significantly tangible and intangible resources on a concurred plan by the scheduling of surgery on the OT list. Postponement decreases efficiency by declining throughput leads to wastage of resources hence burden to the nation. Patients and their family face economic and emotional implication due to the postponement. Postponement rate being a quality indicator controls check mechanism could be developed from the results. Postponement of elective scheduled operations results in inefficient use of the operating room (OR) time on the day of surgery. Inconvenience to patients and families are also caused by postponements. Moreover, the day of surgery (DOS) postponement creates logistic and financial burden associated with extended hospital stay and repetitions of pre-operative preparations to an extent of repetition of investigations in some cases causing escalated costs, wastage of time and reduced income. Methodology A cross-sectional study was done in the operation theaters of a tertiary care hospital in which total ten operation theaters of General Surgery Data of scheduled, performed and postponed surgeries was collected from all the operation theater with effect from March 1st to September 30th, 2018. A questionnaire was developed to find out the reasons for the postponement for all hospital’s stakeholders (surgeons, Anesthetist, Nursing Officer) and they were further evaluated time series analysis of scheduling of Operation Theater for moving average technique. Results Total 958 surgeries were scheduled and 772 surgeries performed were and 186 surgeries were postponed with a postponement rate of 19.42% in the cardiac surgery department during the study period. Month-wise postponement Rate exponential smoothing of time series data shows the dynamic of operating suits. To test throughput Postponement rate was plotted the postponed surgeries and on regression analysis is in a perfect linear relationship.
Introduction: Postponement of elective scheduled operations results in inefficient use of operating room (OR) time on the day of surgery. Inconvenience to patients and families also caused by postponements. Moreover, day of surgery (DOS) postponement creates logistic and financial burden associated with extended hospital stay and repetitions of pre-operative preparations to an extend of repetition of investigations in some cases causing escalated costs, wastage of time and reduced income. Methodology: A cross sectional study was done in the operation theaters of a tertiary care hospital in which total ten operation theaters of General Surgery Data of scheduled, performed and postponed surgeries was collected from all the operation theater with effect from march 1st to September 30th 2018. A questionnaire was developed to find out the reasons for the postponement for all hospital’s stakeholders (Surgeons, Anesthetist, Nursing officer) and they were further evaluated Time series analysis of scheduling of Operation Theater for Moving average Technique. Results: total 2,466 surgeries were scheduled and 1,980 surgeries were performed and 486 surgeries were postponed in the general surgery department during the study period. Month wise postponement forecast was in accordance with the performed surgeries and on regression analysis postponed surgeries were in perfect linear relationship with the postponement Rate.
In the present paper the experimental study of
Nanotechnology involves high cost for Lab set-up and the
experimentation processes were also slow. Attempt has also
been made to discuss the contributions towards the societal
change in the present convergence of Nano-systems and
information technologies. one cannot rely on experimental
nanotechnology alone. As such, the Computer- simulations and
modeling are one of the foundations of computational
nanotechnology. The computer modeling and simulations
were also referred as computational experimentations. The
accuracy of such Computational nano-technology based
experiment generally depends on the accuracy of the following
things: Intermolecular interaction, Numerical models and
Simulation schemes used. The essence of nanotechnology is
therefore size and control because of the diversity of
applications the plural term nanotechnology is preferred by
some nevertheless they all share the common feature of control
at the nanometer scale the latter focusing on the observation
and study of phenomena at the nanometer scale. In this paper,
a brief study of Computer-Simulation techniques as well as
some Experimental result
Solar cell absorber Kesterite- type Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films have been prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD). UV–vis absorption spectra measurement indicated that the band gap of as-synthesized CZTS was about1.68 eV, which was near the optimum value for photovoltaic solar conversion in a single-band-gap device. The polycrystalline CZTS thin films with kieserite crystal structure have been obtained by XRD. The average of crystalline size of CZTS is 27 nm
Multilevel inverters play a crucial part in the
areas of high and medium voltage applications. Among the three
main multilevel inverters used, the capacitor clamped multilevel
inverter(CCMLI) has advantage with respect to voltage
redundancies. This work proposes a switching pattern to improve
the performance of chosen H-bridge type CCMLI over
conventional CCMLI. The PWM technique used in this work is
Phase Opposition Disposition PWM(PODPWM). The
performance of proposed H-bridge type CCMLI is verified
through MATLAB-Simulink based simulation. It has been
observed that the THD is low in chosen CCMLI compared to
conventional CCMLI.
This document summarizes a research paper that designed a digital matched filter (DMF) to compress a binary phase code modulation (BPCM) signal encoded with a 13-chip Barker code. The DMF was implemented on an FPGA using a digital convolution algorithm in the time domain. The DMF design included a direct digital frequency synthesizer to generate the BPCM signal, a digital noise generator to add noise, and digital delay lines and shift registers to perform the convolution. Test results showed the input and output signals on an oscilloscope for different signal-to-noise ratio levels. The DMF achieved a processing gain of 11.14 dB.
Flooding is one of the most devastating natural
disasters in Nigeria. The impact of flooding on human activities
cannot be overemphasized. It can threaten human lives, their
property, environment and the economy. Different techniques
exist to manage and analyze the impact of flooding. Some of these
techniques have not been effective in management of flood
disaster. Remote sensing technique presents itself as an effective
and efficient means of managing flood disaster. In this study,
SPOT-10 image was used to perform land cover/ land use
classification of the study area. Advanced Space borne Thermal
Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) image of 2010 was
used to generate the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The image
focal statistics were generated using the Spatial Analyst/
Neighborhood/Focal Statistics Tool in ArcMap. The contour map
was produced using the Spatial Analyst/ Surface/ Contour Tools.
The DEM generated from the focal statistics was reclassified into
different risk levels based on variation of elevation values. The
depression in the DEM was filled and used to create the flow
direction map. The flow accumulation map was produced using
the flow direction data as input image. The stream network and
watershed were equally generated and the stream vectorized. The
reclassified DEM, stream network and vectorized land cover
classes were integrated and used to analyze the impact of flood on
the classes. The result shows that 27.86% of the area studied will
be affected at very high risk flood level, 35.63% at high risk,
17.90% at moderate risk, 10.72% at low risk, and 7.89% at no
risk flood level. Built up area class will be mostly affected at very
high risk flood level while farmland will be affected at high risk
flood level. Oshoro, Imhekpeme, and Weppa communities will be
affected at very high risk flood inundation while Ivighe, Uneme,
Igoide and Iviari communities will be at risk at high risk flood
inundation level. It is recommended among others that buildings
that fall within the “Very High Risk” area should be identified
and occupants possibly relocated to other areas such as the “No
Risk” area.
Without water, humans cannot live. Since time began,
we have lived by the water and vast tracts of waterless land have
been abandoned as it is too difficult to inhabit. At any given
moment, the earth’s atmosphere contains 4,000 cubic miles of
water, which is just 0.000012% of the 344 million cubic miles of
water on earth. Nature maintains this ratio via evaporation and
condensation, irrespective of the activities of man.
There is a certain need for an alternative to solve the water
scarcity. Obtaining water from the atmosphere is nothing new -
since the beginning of time, nature’s continuous hydrologic cycle
of evaporation and condensation in the form of rain or snow has
been the sole source and means of regenerating wholesome water
for all forms of life on earth.
An effective method to generate water is by the separation of
moisture present in air by condensation. In this study, the water
present in air is condensed on the surface of a container and then
collected in an external jacket provided on the container.
Insulations are provided to optimize the inner temperature of the
container.
The method is although uncommon but has certain advantages
which make it a success. The process is economical and does not
require a lot of utilities. It also helps in further reducing the
carbon footprint.
In every moment of functioning the Li-Ion
battery must provide the power required by the user, to have a
long operating life and to and to provide high reliability in
operation. The methods for analysis and testing batteries are
ensuring that all these conditions imposed to the batteries are
met by being tested depending on their intended use.
The success rate of real estate project is
decreasing as there is large scale of project and participation of
entities. It is necessary to study the risk factors involved in the
project. This paper focused on types of risks involved in the
project, risk factors, risk management tools & techniques.
Identification of risk of the project in terms of the total cost of the
project has been divided under Technical, Financial, Sociopolitical
and Statutory cost centers. Large real estate projects
have to tackle the following issues: land acquisition, skilledlabour
shortage, non-availability of skilled project managers, and
mechanization of the construction process to cater to the growing
demands. Non- availability of supporting infrastructure, political
issues like instability of the government leading to regulatory
issues, social issues, marketing forms an important part in these
projects as this is a onetime investment and the purchase cycle is
long , long development period makes the same project be at
different points in the real estate value cycle.
This document reviews the use of copper slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. It summarizes 12 previous studies that investigated replacing sand with copper slag at various percentages. The key findings of the studies are:
- Compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of concrete generally increase when replacing up to 40% of fine aggregate with copper slag.
- Workability of concrete mixes also tends to increase with copper slag replacement due to its physical properties.
- Copper slag concrete shows improved resistance to sulfate attack compared to traditional concrete.
- Maximum strength gains are observed around 20-40% fine aggregate replacement with copper slag. Beyond 50% replacement, strengths start to decrease.
- Copper slag
- Security is a concept similar to being cautious
or alert against any danger. Network security is the condition of
being protected against any danger or loss. Thus safety plays a
important role in bank transactions where disclosure of any data
results in big loss. We can define networking as the combination
of two or more computers for the purpose of resource sharing.
Resources here include files, database, emails etc. It is the
protection of these resources from unauthorized users that
brought the development of network security. It is a measure
incorporated to protect data during their transmission and also
to ensure the transmitted is protected and authentic.
Security of online bank transactions here has been
improved by increasing the number of bits while establishing the
SSL connection as well as in RSA asymmetric key encryption
along with SHA1 used for digital signature to authenticate the
user
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the quality of drainage water in Al-Shamiya al-sharqi drain in Diwaniya city, Iraq for use in irrigation. 10 water samples were collected from locations along the drain and analyzed for various chemical parameters. An Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) was used to assess the water quality, taking into account parameters like EC, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate and SAR that most affect water quality for irrigation. The IWQI was then integrated with a GIS system to map the water quality. The results found that 52% of the drainage water fell in the "Low restriction" category, 47% was "Moderate restriction" and 1% was
The cable-hoisting method and rail cable-lifting
method are widely used in the construction of suspension bridge.
This paper takes a suspension bridge in Hunan as an example,
and expounds the two construction methods, and analyzes their
respective merits and disadvantages.
Baylis-Hillman reaction has been achieved on
different organic motifs but with completion times of three to
six days. Micellar medium of CTAB in water along with the
organic base DABCO has been used to effect the BaylisHillman
reaction on a steroidal nucleus of Withaferin-A for the
first time with different aromatic aldehydes within a day to
synthesize a library of BH adducts (W1a –W14a) and (W1bW14b)
as a mixture of two isomers and W15 as a single
compound. The isomers were separated on column and the
major components were chosen for bio-evaluation. Cytotoxic
activity of the synthesized compounds was screened against a
panel of four cancer cell lines Lung A-549, Breast MCF-7,
Colon HCT-116 and Leukemia THP-1 along with 5-florouracil
and Mitomycin-C as references. All the compounds exhibited
promising activity against screened cell lines and were found to
possess enhaunced activity than parent compound. BH adducts
with aromatic systems having methoxy and nitro groups were
found to be more active.
This paper presents the details on the
experimental investigation carried out to get the desired fresh
properties of the SCC. Tests were performed on various mixtures
to obtain the required SCC. In the present research work we
have replaced 15% of cement with class F fly ash. By varying the
quantity of water and sand the mortar mix was prepared. Later
varying percentage of coarse aggregate was added to the mortar
to obtain the desired SCC.
The batteries used in electric and hybrid vehicles
consists of several cells with voltages between 3.6V battery and
4.2 V in series or parallel combinations of configurations for
obtaining the necessary available voltages in the operation of a
hybrid electric vehicle. How malfunction of a single cell affects
the behavior of the entire battery pack, BMS main function is to
protect individual cells against over-discharge, overload or
overheating. This is done by correct balancing of the cells. In
addition BMS estimates the battery charge status
This project aims at using (PD-MCPWM) Phase
disposition multi carrier pulse width modulation technique to
reduce leakage current in a transformerless cascaded multilevel
inverter for PV systems. Advantages of transformerless PV
inverter topology is as follows, simple structure, low weight and
provides higher efficiency , but however this topology provides a
path for the leakage current to flow through the parasitic
capacitance formed between the PV module and the ground.
Modulation technique reduces leakage current with an added
advantage without adding any extra components.
Many people in Africa depend on water from
rivers and borehole, but purity of the drinking water from these
sources remains questionable. Mudzira River being the longest
River in a village called Vimtim located in Mubi North Local
government area in Adamawa State was studied in the months of
September to December, 2012 to ascertain the suitability of the
water for human consumption and other related uses. Five study
point: inlet (A, B), middle (C) and out let (D, E) were adopted for
monitoring the physico-chemical parameters using standard
procedures. The mean total temperature values were A (25.000C),
B (24.500C), C (25.500C), D (24.000C) and E (24.000C. Average P
H
values were A (8.00), B (7.87), C (8.20) D (8.37) and E (8.13). The
average conductivity values were A (73.90
1 cms
), B
(73.11
1 cms
), D (74.00
1 cms
) and E (73. 80
1 cms
). The
average total dissolves solid value of each sample were A (17.10),
B (17.10), C (20.00) D (21.64) and E (21.60.). The average
turbidity value of sample were A (47.00), B (47.00), C (50.00) D
(53.00) and E (50.00). Average total hardness value are A
(20.00mg/l), B (20.00mg/L) C (24.00mg/L), D (20.00mg/L) and E
(20.00mg/L). The average chloride content were A (12mg/L), B
(16mg/L), C (12 mg/L) D (16mg/L) and E (16mg/L). The average
calcium content were A (0.3mg/L) B (0.4mg/L), C (0.3mg/L), D
(0.3mg/L) and E (0.2mg/L). The average content of magnesium
were A (12mg/L), B (16mg/L), C (16Mg/L), D (12mg/L), E
(12mg/L). The lead content of River Mudzira water was
negligible. The mean coliform count were A (4), B (3), C (6), D
(7), and E (4).The values of the parameters studied were within
the WHO/NAFDAC recommended standards, excepts for total
coliform levels. In conclusion Vimtim residents consuming
untreated water from River Mudzira are potentially exposed to
possible acute, sub chronic or even chronic water borne diseases
like typhoid fever, dysentery, diarrhea etc.
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It is no wonder time-series databases are now more popular than ever before. Join me in this session to learn about the internal architecture and building blocks of QuestDB, an open source time-series database designed for speed. We will also review a history of some of the changes we have gone over the past two years to deal with late and unordered data, non-blocking writes, read-replicas, or faster batch ingestion.
06-04-2024 - NYC Tech Week - Discussion on Vector Databases, Unstructured Data and AI
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Predictably Improve Your B2B Tech Company's Performance by Leveraging DataKiwi Creative
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From metrics to track to data habits to pick up, enhance your reporting for powerful insights to improve your B2B tech company's marketing.
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This is the webinar recording from the June 2024 HubSpot User Group (HUG) for B2B Technology USA.
Watch the video recording at https://youtu.be/5vjwGfPN9lw
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Global Situational Awareness of A.I. and where its headedvikram sood
You can see the future first in San Francisco.
Over the past year, the talk of the town has shifted from $10 billion compute clusters to $100 billion clusters to trillion-dollar clusters. Every six months another zero is added to the boardroom plans. Behind the scenes, there’s a fierce scramble to secure every power contract still available for the rest of the decade, every voltage transformer that can possibly be procured. American big business is gearing up to pour trillions of dollars into a long-unseen mobilization of American industrial might. By the end of the decade, American electricity production will have grown tens of percent; from the shale fields of Pennsylvania to the solar farms of Nevada, hundreds of millions of GPUs will hum.
The AGI race has begun. We are building machines that can think and reason. By 2025/26, these machines will outpace college graduates. By the end of the decade, they will be smarter than you or I; we will have superintelligence, in the true sense of the word. Along the way, national security forces not seen in half a century will be un-leashed, and before long, The Project will be on. If we’re lucky, we’ll be in an all-out race with the CCP; if we’re unlucky, an all-out war.
Everyone is now talking about AI, but few have the faintest glimmer of what is about to hit them. Nvidia analysts still think 2024 might be close to the peak. Mainstream pundits are stuck on the wilful blindness of “it’s just predicting the next word”. They see only hype and business-as-usual; at most they entertain another internet-scale technological change.
Before long, the world will wake up. But right now, there are perhaps a few hundred people, most of them in San Francisco and the AI labs, that have situational awareness. Through whatever peculiar forces of fate, I have found myself amongst them. A few years ago, these people were derided as crazy—but they trusted the trendlines, which allowed them to correctly predict the AI advances of the past few years. Whether these people are also right about the next few years remains to be seen. But these are very smart people—the smartest people I have ever met—and they are the ones building this technology. Perhaps they will be an odd footnote in history, or perhaps they will go down in history like Szilard and Oppenheimer and Teller. If they are seeing the future even close to correctly, we are in for a wild ride.
Let me tell you what we see.
TRANS-SEPTAL SUTURE METHOD VERSUS INTRANASAL SILICONE SPLINT IN SEPTOPLASTY
1. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163,
www.ijtra.com Volume 3, Issue 3 (May-June 2015), PP. 159-165
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TRANS-SEPTAL SUTURE METHOD VERSUS
INTRANASAL SILICONE SPLINT IN
SEPTOPLASTY
Dr. Abdulkhaliq Karim Amin1, Dashti Ali Hasan2, Dr. Ammar M. Saleh Jaff3
1
M.B.Ch.B.
1
Ph.D. Lecturer of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,
Hawler Medical University.
haluk.emin@yahoo.com
Abstract
Background: Septoplasty is one of the commonest nasal surgeries
performed by otolaryngologist. Silicone is the most common
material used for nasal splints. Trans-septal suturing technique
has been described to approximate the mucosal flaps after septal
procedures to reduce the complication rate; however there are
few studies proving the efficacy.
Objective: This study is to elucidate the efficacy of trans-septal
suture method in preventing complications, discomfort and pain
in comparison with intranasal splinting using silicone plates after
septoplasty.
Patients and methods: This is a prospective study of 59 adult
patients underwent Septoplasty, between August 2013-January
2014 in Rizgary Teaching Hospital - Erbil city. Patients were
divided into 2 groups; trans-septal suture and silicone, 29 and 30
patients respectively. Visual analogue scale was used to evaluate
postoperative pain, bleeding, post-nasal drip, dysphagia and
sleep disturbance for three days. Epiphora and septal hematoma
are also evaluated. Septal perforation, crustation, and adhesion
were evaluated at 4th
postoperative week.
Results: The severity of pain and post nasal drip were
significantly lower in trans-septal suture group than silicone
group (P< 0.05). The septal hematoma and septal perforation
were not seen in the study. No any significant difference found
concerning epiphora, crustation and adhesion.
Conclusion: we conclude that, suturing can be used safely in
septoplasty specially when the septal deformity is not so
complicated.
Key Word: Septoplasty, trans-septal suturing, silicone.
I. INTRODUCTION
Septoplasty is a corrective surgical procedure done to
correct or repair any defect of the nasal septum, it is one of the
commonest nasal surgeries performed by otolaryngologist,
alone or in combination with other procedures, such as inferior
turbinoplasty, endoscopic sinus surgery and rhinoplasty (1)
.
Until the 1960s, submucous septal resection (SMR) as
promoted by Freer and Killian was standard practice in
Western Europe (2)
. The main criticisms of the SMR were a
high rate of septal perforation, external deformity, the inability
to correct anterior deviations and the difficulty in performing
revision surgery. These criticisms led to the emergence of the
septoplasty operation (3)
.
The use of postoperative packing has been proposed to
minimize postoperative complications such as haemorrhage,
mucosal adhesions, and septal haematoma. Additionally,
postoperative packing is believed to stabilize the remaining
cartilaginous septum and minimize the persistence or
recurrence of septal deviation. Despite these theoretical
advantages, evidence to support the use of postoperative
packing is lacking. Moreover, nasal packing is not an
innocuous procedure. The most common morbidity associated
with packing is postoperative pain (4)
.
Nasal splints first time used in intranasal surgery by
Salinger and Cohen in 1955 to keep the septum in position
after septal surgery (5,6)
. The commonest reason for using nasal
splints which was mentioned by pringle in UK was to prevent
the formation of adhesions (7)
. Several types of materials have
been used in the past such as strips of x-ray film, and the
polyethylene tops of coffee cans, drug and intravenous fluid
containers (7)
, silicon or soft splints (8)
, Wax plate splints (9)
,
magnet-containing silicone rubber intranasal splints (10).
According to the Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear
Hospital in London, UK, silicon is the most common material
used for nasal splints (11)
.
Several suturing techniques have been described to
approximate the mucosal flaps after septal procedures to
reduce the complication rate (12)
. In 1984, Sessions et al., (13)
reported continuous suture quilting using 4.0 plain catgut on a
small cutting needle to approximate the mucosal flaps. A
similar technique using a curved needle was described by Lee
et al (12)
.These techniques also help to close mucosal tears and
support the remaining cartilage (14)
.
A. Indications for septoplasty:
Symptomatic deviated septum, as a part of
septorhinoplasty for cosmetic reasons, as an approach to
hypophysectomy and recurrent epistaxis due to septal spur are
mentioned as the main indications for septoplasty (15).
B. Complications after septoplasty:
It includes excessive bleeding; septal hematoma; infection;
septal abscess; septal perforation; saddle nose deformity; nasal
tip depression; sensory changes, such as anosmia or dental
anesthesia; cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (16). Severe
complications such as toxic shock syndrome, meningitis and
cavernous sinus thrombosis (17). Some of these complications
are rare but life threatening (18). For a long time, intranasal
adhesion (fig.4) development has been a known important
complication in the post-operative phase of nasal surgery (19).
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Figure (1): Adhesion between right inferior turbinate and
nasal septum (19).
C. Anatomy of the nasal septum:
Nasal septum consists of three parts; columellar septum,
membranous septum and the septum proper as in figure (2).
The columella contains the medial crura of alar cartilages
united together by fibrous tissue and covered on either side by
skin. The membranous septum consists of double layer of skin
with no bony or cartilaginous support and it lies between the
columella and the caudal border of septal cartilage. The
septum proper consists of osteocartilaginous framework that
covered with nasal mucous membrane and its principal
constituents are the perpendicular plate of ethmoid, the vomer,
and a large septal (quadrilateral) cartilage wedged between the
above two bones anteriorly, also other bones which make
minor contributions at the periphery are: crest of nasal bones,
nasal spine of frontal bone, rostrum of sphenoid, crest of
palatine bones and the crest maxilla, and the anterior nasal
spine of maxilla (15).
Figure(2): Anatomy of nasal septum (15).
D. Blood supply:
The branches of the external and internal carotid arteries
are responsible for the rich blood supply to the nose as in
figure 3 (15).
Figure (3): Arterial supply of the septum.(20).
E. Nerve supply:
The maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve provides the
sensory supply to the majority of the nasal septum (Figure 4).
The nasopalatine nerve supplies the bulk of the bony septum,
entering the nasal cavity via the sphenopalatine foramen,
passing medially across the roof of the upper septum and
running down and forwards to the incisive canal to reach the
hard palate. The anterosuperior part of the septum is supplied
by the anterior ethmoidal branch of the nasociliary nerve and a
smaller anteroinferior portion receives a branch from the
anterior superior alveolar nerve. The posteroinferior septum
also receives a small supply from the nerve to the pterygoid
canal and a posterior inferior nasal branch of the anterior
palatine nerve (21-23).
The sensory nerves are accompanied by postganglionic
sympathetic fibers to blood vessels and postganglionic
parasympathetic secretomotor fibers pass to glands with the
branches from the pterygopalatine ganglion. The olfactory
epithelium covers the inferior surface of the cribiform pIate
spreading down to cover a variable area on the upper septum
and adjacent lateral wall, over the medial surface of the
superior concha (21-23).
Figure (4): Nerve supply of nasal septum (20).
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Lymphatic drainage: The anterior septum drains with the
external nose to the submandibular nodes while drainage is to
the retropharyngeal and anterior deep cervical nodes
posteriorly (21-23).
II. AIM OF STUDY
This study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of trans-septal
suture method in preventing complications, discomfort and
pain in comparison with intranasal splinting using silicone
plates after Septoplasty.
III. PATIENTS AND METHODS
This is a prospective comparative study conducted on 59
adult patients in Rizgary teaching hospital-Erbil between
August 2013 and February 2014. In all patients who were
enrolled in the study, informed consent was obtained prior to
enrollment.
Symptomatic deviated septum and age of above 17 years
were included in the study, while the exclusion criteria were
history of previous nasal surgery, the presence of chronic
sinusitis or nasal polyposis, diabetic patients, uncontrolled
hypertension, blood disorders, patients on anticoagulant
therapy or hormonal therapy, aspirin intake or systemic
steroids(because of bleeding is one of the main side effect in
last two criterias).
Following history taking, a routine clinical assessment by
anterior rhinoscopy and endoscopic examination done. The
airway examined by cottle test, forced cottle test and cotton
strap test.
Patients were fully investigated by: Blood group and Rh,
blood sugar, clotting time, bleeding time, and virology screen.
The patient above 40 years assessed for: Blood urea, serum
creatinine, chest X-ray, ECG and anesthesiological
consultation.
All septoplasties were performed under general anesthesia
with endotracheal intubation, the septum was infiltrated with
1% lignocaine with adrenaline, 1:100,000. A caudal septal
incision is made (hemitransfixion). The septum is approached
by elevating the perichondrium flap; the various septal parts
are dissected free and mobilized by chondrotomies, as
required. The deviated cartilage and bone removed or
reshaped, we tried to preserve cartilage as much as possible to
prevent external nose deformation. then the incision was
closed using 4-0 PDS sutures.
Patients were randomly divided into two groups,
continuous trans-septal suturing done by using 4-0 PDS suture
material (Group I) and bilateral nasal airway silicone splint
(Group 2) were inserted and fixed by one suture to the caudal
end of the nasal septum (Figure 5). The silicones were
removed on 7th postoperative day
Figure (5): Airway nasal silicone splint (11).
Patients were monitored and discharged to the ward, where
advised for elevation of the head about 30 degree. All patients
received oral analgesic tablet, with sea water spray for the 0
postoperative day. In the 1st, 2nd and 3rd post-operative days
all patients discharged on sea water spray and paracetamole as
analgesia and we followed up them daily in the outpatient.
Postoperatively the subjective symptoms were evaluated,
including postoperative pan, nasal bleeding, postnasal drip,
sleep disturbance, dysphagia and epiphora. Each of these
evaluations was performed using a visual analogue scale
(VAS; a scale between 0 and 100; 0 nil, 100 very severe).
Patients were interviewed regarding their symptoms on 1th,
2nd and 3rd postoperative days. Complications such as
perforation, adhesion and crustation were evaluated at 4th
postoperative week.
IV. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for
Social Sciences (SPSS, version 18). Chi square test of
association was used to compare between proportions of the
study groups. A p value of equal or less than 0.05 was
considered statistically significant.
V. RESULTS
The mean of the sample was 27.18± 7.78 years, ranging
from 17 – 50 years. The main age group was between 20-29
years (35 cases), as shown in figures (6 and 7).
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Figure (6): Age groups.
Out of total 59 patients, 43 patients were males (72.88%) and
16 patients were females (27.12%) as shown in the figure (7).
Figure (7): Sex distribution
Postoperative pain:
The Postoperative pain level was significant only on 1st
postoperative day with a mean 18.97 for trans-septal suture
(group 1) and 27 for silicone (group 2) as shown in table(1)
and figure (8). P value is significant only in the 1st day.
Group 1st POD 2nd POD 3rd POD
Group
(1)
Mean 18.97 10.69 2.41
SD 7.24 5.93 5.11
Group
(2)
Mean 27.00 13.67 2.33
SD 9.52 8.90 4.30
P value 0.001 0.138 0.948
Table(1): postoperative pain.
Figure (8): postoperative pain.
Postoperative bleeding:
There was no significant difference between both groups, p
value was > 0.05 as shown in table (2).
Group 1st
POD 2nd
POD 3rd
POD
Group
(1)
Mean 11.72 5.17 0.00
SD 8.05 5.09 0.00
Group
(2)
Mean 12.67 7.33 0.00
SD 8.68 5.21 0.00
P value 0.667 0.11
Table (2): postoperative bleeding.
Postoperative Post-nasal drip:
The results of the postoperative post-nasal drip were
significant on 1st and 2nd postoperative days with a mean
12.07 and 5.52 and in Group 1 respectively which were lower
than the score of Group 2 (18.33 and 12.33) as shown in table
(3) and figure(9).
Group 1st
POD 2nd
POD 3rd
POD
Group
(1)
Mean 12.07 5.52 0.00
SD 5.59 5.72 0.00
Group
(2)
Mean 18.33 12.33 0.00
SD 6.99 7.28 0.00
P value <0.001 <0.001
Table (3): Postoperative post-nasal drip.
Figure (9): Postoperative post-nasal drip.
Postoperative Sleep disturbances:
There was no significant difference between both groups, p
value was > 0.05 as shown in table (4).
Group 1st
POD 2nd
POD 3rd
POD
Group (1)
Mean 12.07 5.51 0.00
SD 4.91 5.06 0.00
Group (1)
Mean 13.67 6.33 0.00
SD 6.69 4.9 0.00
P value 0.32 5.53
Table (4): Postoperative sleep disturbance.
Postoperative food intake and dysphagia:
There is no significant difference between both groups
regarding dysphagia and difficulties of food intake as shown
in (table 5).
Group 1st POD 2nd POD 3rd POD
Group (1)
Mean 11.03 0.00 0.00
SD 4.89 0.00 0.00
Group (2)
Mean 12.33 0.00 0.00
SD 5.04 0.00 0.00
P value 0.32
Table (5): Postoperative food intake and dysphagia.
Postoperative epiphora:
There was epiphora in three patients (10.3%) in Group1 and
five patients (16.7%) in Group 2. p value is 0.47 which is not
significant (table 6).
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Groups Epiphora Number of
patients
Percentage P
value
Group
(1)
Yes 3 10.3%
0.47No 26 89.7%
Group
(2)
Yes 5 16.7%
No 25 83.4%
Table (6): postoperative epiphora.
Evaluation at 4th postoperative week:
Crustation and adhesion were not found in Group 2, while
two cases (6.9%) with unilateral nasal crust and a case of
unilateral adhesion were seen in Group 1 . p value 0.14 and
0.30 respectively which are not significant, as shown in tables
(7) and (8).
Groups Crust Number of
patients
Percentage P value
Group
(1)
Yes 2 6.9%
0.14
No 27 93.1%
Group
(2)
Yes 0 0.0%
No 30 100%
Table (7): postoperative nasal crustation.
Groups Adhesion Number of
patients
Percentage P
value
Group
(1)
Yes 1 3.4%
0.30No 28 96.6%
Group
(2)
Yes 0 0.0%
No 30 100%
Table (8): postoperative nasal adhesion.
There were no septal hematoma and septal perforation in our
study.
VI. DISCUSSION
Several studies showed that the results were in favor of
trans-septal suturing compared to packing (24). No previous
study found comparing trans-septal suture with silicone alone
in septoplasty as we did in our study.
A significant statistical difference in the severity of nasal
pain seen between both groups on 1st postoperative day,
which was lower in group 1. This is in accordance with the
results of Awan et al (2008), Ardehali et al (2009) and
Gunaydin et al (2011) in which suture compared with packing
(25-27). In other study, Asaka et al (2012) in which packing
compared with silicone, the nasal pain score for silicone splint
was very close to our result of silicone group (28).
Regarding the postoperative bleeding, results show non
significant statistical difference in postoperative bleeding from
day one to day three between both groups. Six cases (2 in
Group1 and 4 in Group2) had minor oozing stopped without
packing. In a study done by Cukurova et al (2012) mild
bleeding occurred in 4 from 363 cases of trans-septal suture
group (29) while in this study 2 out of 29 cases of group one
had simple bleeding. The difference in the result is due to
different sample size. Asaka et al (2012) reported that no
significant amount of bleeding occurred in silicone group (28).
The result was similar to our study.
In postoperative post-nasal drip there was a statistically
significant difference at 1st and 2nd postoperative days. It is
higher in group two, possibly due to silicone irritation. There
is no study comparing this parameter between suture and
silicone splint.
There is no significant difference between both groups in
postoperative sleep disturbance in our study, while there is
significant sleep disturbance found in a study done by Jawaid
et al (2012) in which they compared packing and non-packing
(80% in the packing group had less than six hours of sleep on
the night of the surgery, compared with only 16.2% in non
packing group (p<0.05) (30). More sleep disturbance found in
packing group, due to nasal passage obstruction by pack,
while in this study nasal passage not obstructed in both
groups, neither in silicone nor in suture.
The postoperative food intake and dysphagia between both
groups were not significant. As mentioned above no study
found comparing suture with silicone, but regarding trans-
septal suture Korkut et al (2010) found that no patient had
difficulty in swallowing (31), Which is similar to our study
results.
There is no statistical significant difference between both
groups concerning the postoperative epiphora, eight cases (3
in group1 and 5 in group2) developed epiphora. Epiphora in
septoplasty mainly caused by obstruction of the nasolacrimal
duct by packing, their presence in our study may be due to
minor trauma during surgery or mucosal edema and
inflammation postoperatively.
Neither septal hematoma nor nasal perforation occured in
our patients. Awan et al (2008) found that 1 of 44 cases of
trans-septal suture group developed septal hematoma and
Gunaydin et al (2011) showed no septal perforation in 100
case of trans septal suture (24,27) which are not significant.
Results of first and second studies are similar to our study
results.
In group 2, nasal crust was seen in 2 patients and adhesion
in one patient, while no such complications occured in group
1, but the difference is statistically not significant. Asaka et al
(2012) found crustation in 2 of 15 cases of silicone group and
no adhesion noted (28), which is statistically similar to our
study. Awan et al (2008) reported no adhesion in suture group
(25), which is like our study (24).
VII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Although the consensus in current world literature is that
packing should be avoided, non-packing alternatives such as
postoperative suturing techniques are still underused in many
ENT centers, partly because the many clinical questions had
not been answered. Suturing technique and silicone packing
showed similar risk for postoperative haemorrhage, septal
perforation, septal haematoma, mucosal adhesions. However,
suturing indicated a significant decrease in the postoperative
pain; therefore, it can be considered as the preferred technique
in Septoplasty.
We recommend that, for the time being, suturing can be
used safely in septoplasty specially when the deviation is in
the anterior part of septum and when the septal deformity is
not so complicated.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thanks for God for everything.
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I would like to express my deep respect, appreciation and
gratefulness to my supervisor Dr. Abdulkhaliq Karim
Amin for his kind guidance and support and
encouragement to complete this study.
I acknowledge with gratitude all specialists, colleagues &
staff in ENT department in Rizgary Teaching Hospital
for their kind help and co-operation.
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Appendix: Questionnaire Form.
Trans-septal suturing versus airway nasal silicone splint in Septoplasty.
7. International Journal of Technical Research and Applications e-ISSN: 2320-8163,
www.ijtra.com Volume 3, Issue 3 (May-June 2015), PP. 159-165
165 | P a g e
Post op: Visual analogue scale
1- Pain
Day No pain 10 Mild 20 30 Moderate 40 50 Sever 60 70 V. sever 80 100
1
2
3
2- Nasal bleeding:
Day No Bleeding 10 Mild 20 30 Moderate 40 50 Sever 60 70 V.sever 80 100
1
2
3
3- Post nasal drip
Day No drip 10 Mild 20 30 Moderate 40 50 Sever 60 70 V.sever 80 100
1
2
3
4- Sleep disturbance:
Day Non 10 Mild 20 30 Moderate 40 50 Sever 60 70 V.sever 80 100
1
2
3
5- Effects on food intake
Day No 10 Mild 20 30 Moderate 40 50 Sever 60 70 V.sever 80 100
1
2
3
6- Epiphora yes no
7-Septal hematoma yes no
4 Weeks post op. assessment:
Nasal crustation yes no
Nasal adhesion yes no
Septal perforation yes no