This document discusses various aspects of transportation and freight management. It covers strategies for optimizing freight efficiency including reducing costs, improving scheduling, and increasing load factors. It also describes responsibilities in freight management such as carrier evaluation and vehicle scheduling. Key factors affecting freight costs are identified as volumes, distance, product density, shape, handling requirements, type, and market dynamics. Different transportation modes like air, water, rail, truck, and intermodal are outlined and their selection criteria discussed.
Transportation involves the movement of people and goods from one location to another. It plays a crucial role in logistics by efficiently moving products and improving delivery speed, quality, and reducing costs. The development of transportation systems is important for logistics to bring its full advantages. Different modes of transportation like rail, road, water, and air each have advantages and limitations depending on factors like cost, speed, and cargo. Transportation costs are determined by various product and market related factors.
The document discusses transportation and its role in logistics. It defines transportation and explains how it determines logistics efficiency by moving products quickly and reducing costs. Transportation is crucial to logistics operations. The document also covers different modes of transportation like rail, road, water, and air; their characteristics; and factors that influence transportation costs. It concludes that transportation contributes significantly to overall logistics costs and is important for the success of logistics systems.
Transportation refers to the movement of products through the supply chain from production to consumption. It is an important part of logistics and supply chain management as products are rarely produced and consumed in the same location. There are various modes of transportation including road, rail, water, air, pipeline, and intermodal, each with their own advantages and costs depending on factors like speed, availability, dependability, cargo capabilities, frequency, and fixed versus variable costs. Transportation plays a crucial role in efficiently and economically distributing goods throughout the supply chain.
Transportation refers to the movement of products through the supply chain from production to consumption locations. It is an important part of the supply chain as products are rarely produced and consumed in the same place. There are various modes of transportation including air, water, surface, and intermodal, with different vehicles and costs structures suited to different cargo types and distances. The choice of transportation mode depends on factors like cost, speed, cargo type and distance to be traveled.
Transportation involves moving products from their point of origin to customers. It plays an important role in supply chain management since products are rarely produced and consumed in the same location. There are various modes of transportation including air, water, surface, and intermodal. The most common modes are truck, rail, air, water, and package carriers which use a combination of these modes. The optimal transportation method depends on factors like cost, delivery time requirements, product characteristics, and distance.
Transportation ppt of suppy chain managementVandna Dhiman
Transportation refers to the movement of products from one location to another along the supply chain and is important because products are rarely produced and consumed in the same place. There are various modes of transportation including air, water, surface, intermodal, and package carriers which use combinations of air, truck and rail to transport goods. The most suitable mode depends on factors like the type of goods, distance traveled, cost considerations, and time sensitivity.
Comparitive study between different modes of transportationAnit Vattoly
The document compares different modes of transportation, including rail, road, water, air, and pipeline transport. Rail transport is described as one of the most important and cost-effective modes for commuting and transporting goods over both long and short distances. Road transport is more flexible and suitable for short distances, while water transport has very low costs but is slow and limited to waterways. Air transport is the fastest mode but also the most expensive. Pipelines are best for transporting liquids and gases over fixed routes in a low-cost manner. Each mode has its own advantages and disadvantages depending on factors like speed, costs, cargo capacities, and routes available.
This document discusses various aspects of transportation and freight management. It covers strategies for optimizing freight efficiency including reducing costs, improving scheduling, and increasing load factors. It also describes responsibilities in freight management such as carrier evaluation and vehicle scheduling. Key factors affecting freight costs are identified as volumes, distance, product density, shape, handling requirements, type, and market dynamics. Different transportation modes like air, water, rail, truck, and intermodal are outlined and their selection criteria discussed.
Transportation involves the movement of people and goods from one location to another. It plays a crucial role in logistics by efficiently moving products and improving delivery speed, quality, and reducing costs. The development of transportation systems is important for logistics to bring its full advantages. Different modes of transportation like rail, road, water, and air each have advantages and limitations depending on factors like cost, speed, and cargo. Transportation costs are determined by various product and market related factors.
The document discusses transportation and its role in logistics. It defines transportation and explains how it determines logistics efficiency by moving products quickly and reducing costs. Transportation is crucial to logistics operations. The document also covers different modes of transportation like rail, road, water, and air; their characteristics; and factors that influence transportation costs. It concludes that transportation contributes significantly to overall logistics costs and is important for the success of logistics systems.
Transportation refers to the movement of products through the supply chain from production to consumption. It is an important part of logistics and supply chain management as products are rarely produced and consumed in the same location. There are various modes of transportation including road, rail, water, air, pipeline, and intermodal, each with their own advantages and costs depending on factors like speed, availability, dependability, cargo capabilities, frequency, and fixed versus variable costs. Transportation plays a crucial role in efficiently and economically distributing goods throughout the supply chain.
Transportation refers to the movement of products through the supply chain from production to consumption locations. It is an important part of the supply chain as products are rarely produced and consumed in the same place. There are various modes of transportation including air, water, surface, and intermodal, with different vehicles and costs structures suited to different cargo types and distances. The choice of transportation mode depends on factors like cost, speed, cargo type and distance to be traveled.
Transportation involves moving products from their point of origin to customers. It plays an important role in supply chain management since products are rarely produced and consumed in the same location. There are various modes of transportation including air, water, surface, and intermodal. The most common modes are truck, rail, air, water, and package carriers which use a combination of these modes. The optimal transportation method depends on factors like cost, delivery time requirements, product characteristics, and distance.
Transportation ppt of suppy chain managementVandna Dhiman
Transportation refers to the movement of products from one location to another along the supply chain and is important because products are rarely produced and consumed in the same place. There are various modes of transportation including air, water, surface, intermodal, and package carriers which use combinations of air, truck and rail to transport goods. The most suitable mode depends on factors like the type of goods, distance traveled, cost considerations, and time sensitivity.
Comparitive study between different modes of transportationAnit Vattoly
The document compares different modes of transportation, including rail, road, water, air, and pipeline transport. Rail transport is described as one of the most important and cost-effective modes for commuting and transporting goods over both long and short distances. Road transport is more flexible and suitable for short distances, while water transport has very low costs but is slow and limited to waterways. Air transport is the fastest mode but also the most expensive. Pipelines are best for transporting liquids and gases over fixed routes in a low-cost manner. Each mode has its own advantages and disadvantages depending on factors like speed, costs, cargo capacities, and routes available.
Logistics and Managing Transportion.pptxcalf_ville86
Transportation is the backbone of logistics and accounts for 40-50% of total logistics costs. It facilitates the movement of goods and connects production facilities. The key modes of transportation are roadways, railways, waterways, airways, and pipelines. Choosing the right mode or combination depends on factors like type of goods, distance, costs etc. Effective transportation requires applying principles like economy of scale and distance to reduce costs. Containerization, network design, and route planning techniques further optimize the transportation system.
This document discusses transport routing and vehicle routing problems. It begins by explaining that routing problems aim to find the best path for delivery vehicles between customers, though real problems are more complex with competing aims, uncertain costs, and variable conditions. Two general approaches are outlined: considering optimal routes regardless of roads, and finding shortest routes through actual road networks. The document then lists some specific routing methods, such as negotiations between parties or minor adjustments to previous plans.
Group members for Group No. 1 are Akshay Samant (Roll No. 04) and Harshita Deotare (Roll No. 19). Transportation is the movement of items from one place to another and is crucial for logistics. It allows for the efficient movement of products and impacts business costs and operations. Different modes of transportation like rail, road, water and air each have their own advantages and limitations.
Group 1 members are Akshay Samant (Roll No. 04) and Harshita Deotare (Roll No. 19). Transportation is the movement of items from one place to another and is crucial for logistics. It allows for the efficient movement of goods and impacts areas through its speed, costs, and capabilities. Different modes of transportation like rail, road, water, and air each have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Transportation refers to the movement of products from one location to another as goods travel through the supply chain to customers. Transportation is important because products are rarely made and consumed in the same place. Various modes of transportation include air, water, surface, and intermodal, with different carriers suited to certain types of goods and distances. Factors like cost, technology, geography, and the environment influence how products are transported.
Modes of transportation and there performance charecteristics - akshay jadhavAkshay Jadhav
This presentation consists of the details of different modes of the transportation used globally and how they are integrated to maximize the performance.
Location decisions are critical to a company's profitability as they impact costs and competitiveness over time. Facility location models can help determine optimal places for manufacturing, assembly, storage, transhipment, and consolidation. Transportation refers to moving products between locations in the supply chain and plays a major role in increasing GDP. It is influenced by various economic, technological, geographical, and environmental factors.
This document discusses various aspects of transportation and fleet management. It begins by defining transportation and its role in logistics. It then examines the different determinants companies consider when selecting carriers, such as transit time, reliability, and accessibility. The document also reviews various modes of transportation like railroads, motor carriers, water carriers, and air carriers. It covers intermodal transportation methods like containerization and piggybacking. Finally, it discusses legal classifications of carriers and indirect carriers.
Here are potential answers to the assignment questions:
1. Explain different modes of transportation with their benefits and limitations:
The main modes of transportation are road, rail, water, air and pipeline. Each has its own benefits and limitations in terms of cost, speed, capacity, route limitations etc. For example, road transportation provides door-to-door delivery but has higher costs compared to rail. Water transportation has the lowest cost per ton-km but is slower and limited to routes.
2. What transport decisions should a manager take into consideration while selecting the transportation mode?
A manager should consider factors like nature of goods, urgency of delivery, cost constraints, availability of modes, transportation infrastructure etc. Key decisions include
This document provides an overview of logistics and supply chain management concepts. It defines logistics and its role in supply chain management. Logistics involves planning and controlling the flow of goods from suppliers to customers. The document then discusses key logistics activities like transportation, warehousing and inventory management. It provides definitions and examples of different types of warehouses and transportation modes. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to important logistics concepts in supply chain management.
This document discusses transportation and provides definitions, principles, methods, costs, and pricing structures. It defines transportation as the process of moving items from one point to another and notes the importance of transportation for industrial development, employment, and distributing perishable goods. The document outlines different transportation principles, methods, types including road, rail, water, air and pipeline transport. It also examines factors that affect costs such as distance, volume, density and conditions like infrastructure and competition. Transportation costs have fixed, variable and common components. Pricing structures can be based on cost-of-service or value-of-service models.
This document discusses transportation, warehousing, packaging and material handling. It covers various modes of transportation including road, rail, sea, air and pipeline. It describes the functions of warehouses including material handling, storage, information transfer and customer service. It discusses different types of warehouses such as private, public, government and bonded warehouses. It also compares public warehousing and private warehousing, outlining their advantages and disadvantages.
Integrated Logistics: Transportation discusses key concepts in transportation logistics including:
- Integrated logistics involves system-wide management of the entire logistics chain as a single entity.
- Transportation is a key component of logistics networks and manages the flow of goods from origin to market.
- Factors such as costs, cargo characteristics, and distance determine the best means of transport which include air, land, water, and multimodal options.
- A well-developed transportation system is essential for business efficiency and competitiveness by decreasing costs and improving service quality.
Transportation involves the movement of people and goods from one place to another. It plays an important role in industrial development, employment, and quality of life. There are various modes of transportation including road, rail, water, air, pipeline, and ropeway. Each mode has advantages and disadvantages depending on factors like cost, speed, carrying capacity, and suitability for different cargo. Transportation costs are influenced by attributes of the product being moved as well as market-related considerations like distance, regulations, and traffic flows. Improving transportation efficiency can significantly impact overall logistics system performance by reducing costs.
This document discusses transportation and logistics. It defines transportation as the movement of goods and people from one place to another through various means. It describes different modes of transportation including railways, roadways, waterways, pipelines and airways. It discusses the importance of transportation for economic activity and growth. It also outlines key considerations for transportation decisions, economics, and the objectives of different parties like shippers, consignees and carriers.
Transhipment_and_Cross_docking( PGDSCLM 203 II ).pdfNandanSingh93
Cross docking and transshipment are logistics strategies used to improve supply chain efficiency. Cross docking involves receiving goods and transferring them directly to outbound transportation with little to no storage. This reduces costs and speeds up delivery. Transshipment transfers cargo between vessels to consolidate shipments or change transport modes, often done at hub ports. Both strategies aim to reduce inventory and transportation costs while shortening delivery times. The key benefit is removing storage from the supply chain to keep goods moving efficiently.
Decesion making criteria in transport management 1Keshar Khadka
This document discusses key concepts in transport management. It outlines factors that influence transport decision making for shippers and carriers such as transportation costs, inventory costs, speed of transport, and cost of services. It also identifies criteria for selecting transport modes, including value of shipment, nature of consignment, and distance involved. Additionally, it examines factors that determine transportation costs such as volume, density, competition and special service requirements. The conclusion emphasizes that transport management greatly impacts business profitability and selecting transport using decision criteria allows for cost efficiency and service advantages.
Decision making criteria in transport management 1Keshar Khadka
This document discusses key concepts in transport management. It defines transport management and explains that transport costs account for a significant portion of logistics costs. The document outlines factors that influence transport decisions for shippers and carriers such as transportation costs, inventory costs, speed of transport, and distance involved. It also discusses criteria for selecting transport modes and factors that determine transportation costs like the value, volume, and density of goods as well as packaging and destination requirements.
Logistics and Managing Transportion.pptxcalf_ville86
Transportation is the backbone of logistics and accounts for 40-50% of total logistics costs. It facilitates the movement of goods and connects production facilities. The key modes of transportation are roadways, railways, waterways, airways, and pipelines. Choosing the right mode or combination depends on factors like type of goods, distance, costs etc. Effective transportation requires applying principles like economy of scale and distance to reduce costs. Containerization, network design, and route planning techniques further optimize the transportation system.
This document discusses transport routing and vehicle routing problems. It begins by explaining that routing problems aim to find the best path for delivery vehicles between customers, though real problems are more complex with competing aims, uncertain costs, and variable conditions. Two general approaches are outlined: considering optimal routes regardless of roads, and finding shortest routes through actual road networks. The document then lists some specific routing methods, such as negotiations between parties or minor adjustments to previous plans.
Group members for Group No. 1 are Akshay Samant (Roll No. 04) and Harshita Deotare (Roll No. 19). Transportation is the movement of items from one place to another and is crucial for logistics. It allows for the efficient movement of products and impacts business costs and operations. Different modes of transportation like rail, road, water and air each have their own advantages and limitations.
Group 1 members are Akshay Samant (Roll No. 04) and Harshita Deotare (Roll No. 19). Transportation is the movement of items from one place to another and is crucial for logistics. It allows for the efficient movement of goods and impacts areas through its speed, costs, and capabilities. Different modes of transportation like rail, road, water, and air each have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Transportation refers to the movement of products from one location to another as goods travel through the supply chain to customers. Transportation is important because products are rarely made and consumed in the same place. Various modes of transportation include air, water, surface, and intermodal, with different carriers suited to certain types of goods and distances. Factors like cost, technology, geography, and the environment influence how products are transported.
Modes of transportation and there performance charecteristics - akshay jadhavAkshay Jadhav
This presentation consists of the details of different modes of the transportation used globally and how they are integrated to maximize the performance.
Location decisions are critical to a company's profitability as they impact costs and competitiveness over time. Facility location models can help determine optimal places for manufacturing, assembly, storage, transhipment, and consolidation. Transportation refers to moving products between locations in the supply chain and plays a major role in increasing GDP. It is influenced by various economic, technological, geographical, and environmental factors.
This document discusses various aspects of transportation and fleet management. It begins by defining transportation and its role in logistics. It then examines the different determinants companies consider when selecting carriers, such as transit time, reliability, and accessibility. The document also reviews various modes of transportation like railroads, motor carriers, water carriers, and air carriers. It covers intermodal transportation methods like containerization and piggybacking. Finally, it discusses legal classifications of carriers and indirect carriers.
Here are potential answers to the assignment questions:
1. Explain different modes of transportation with their benefits and limitations:
The main modes of transportation are road, rail, water, air and pipeline. Each has its own benefits and limitations in terms of cost, speed, capacity, route limitations etc. For example, road transportation provides door-to-door delivery but has higher costs compared to rail. Water transportation has the lowest cost per ton-km but is slower and limited to routes.
2. What transport decisions should a manager take into consideration while selecting the transportation mode?
A manager should consider factors like nature of goods, urgency of delivery, cost constraints, availability of modes, transportation infrastructure etc. Key decisions include
This document provides an overview of logistics and supply chain management concepts. It defines logistics and its role in supply chain management. Logistics involves planning and controlling the flow of goods from suppliers to customers. The document then discusses key logistics activities like transportation, warehousing and inventory management. It provides definitions and examples of different types of warehouses and transportation modes. Overall, the document serves as an introduction to important logistics concepts in supply chain management.
This document discusses transportation and provides definitions, principles, methods, costs, and pricing structures. It defines transportation as the process of moving items from one point to another and notes the importance of transportation for industrial development, employment, and distributing perishable goods. The document outlines different transportation principles, methods, types including road, rail, water, air and pipeline transport. It also examines factors that affect costs such as distance, volume, density and conditions like infrastructure and competition. Transportation costs have fixed, variable and common components. Pricing structures can be based on cost-of-service or value-of-service models.
This document discusses transportation, warehousing, packaging and material handling. It covers various modes of transportation including road, rail, sea, air and pipeline. It describes the functions of warehouses including material handling, storage, information transfer and customer service. It discusses different types of warehouses such as private, public, government and bonded warehouses. It also compares public warehousing and private warehousing, outlining their advantages and disadvantages.
Integrated Logistics: Transportation discusses key concepts in transportation logistics including:
- Integrated logistics involves system-wide management of the entire logistics chain as a single entity.
- Transportation is a key component of logistics networks and manages the flow of goods from origin to market.
- Factors such as costs, cargo characteristics, and distance determine the best means of transport which include air, land, water, and multimodal options.
- A well-developed transportation system is essential for business efficiency and competitiveness by decreasing costs and improving service quality.
Transportation involves the movement of people and goods from one place to another. It plays an important role in industrial development, employment, and quality of life. There are various modes of transportation including road, rail, water, air, pipeline, and ropeway. Each mode has advantages and disadvantages depending on factors like cost, speed, carrying capacity, and suitability for different cargo. Transportation costs are influenced by attributes of the product being moved as well as market-related considerations like distance, regulations, and traffic flows. Improving transportation efficiency can significantly impact overall logistics system performance by reducing costs.
This document discusses transportation and logistics. It defines transportation as the movement of goods and people from one place to another through various means. It describes different modes of transportation including railways, roadways, waterways, pipelines and airways. It discusses the importance of transportation for economic activity and growth. It also outlines key considerations for transportation decisions, economics, and the objectives of different parties like shippers, consignees and carriers.
Transhipment_and_Cross_docking( PGDSCLM 203 II ).pdfNandanSingh93
Cross docking and transshipment are logistics strategies used to improve supply chain efficiency. Cross docking involves receiving goods and transferring them directly to outbound transportation with little to no storage. This reduces costs and speeds up delivery. Transshipment transfers cargo between vessels to consolidate shipments or change transport modes, often done at hub ports. Both strategies aim to reduce inventory and transportation costs while shortening delivery times. The key benefit is removing storage from the supply chain to keep goods moving efficiently.
Decesion making criteria in transport management 1Keshar Khadka
This document discusses key concepts in transport management. It outlines factors that influence transport decision making for shippers and carriers such as transportation costs, inventory costs, speed of transport, and cost of services. It also identifies criteria for selecting transport modes, including value of shipment, nature of consignment, and distance involved. Additionally, it examines factors that determine transportation costs such as volume, density, competition and special service requirements. The conclusion emphasizes that transport management greatly impacts business profitability and selecting transport using decision criteria allows for cost efficiency and service advantages.
Decision making criteria in transport management 1Keshar Khadka
This document discusses key concepts in transport management. It defines transport management and explains that transport costs account for a significant portion of logistics costs. The document outlines factors that influence transport decisions for shippers and carriers such as transportation costs, inventory costs, speed of transport, and distance involved. It also discusses criteria for selecting transport modes and factors that determine transportation costs like the value, volume, and density of goods as well as packaging and destination requirements.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
2. Transportation
KHAN HAMIA
⚫The process of moving an item from point A to point
B.
⚫Transportation refers to the movement of product
from one location to another as it makes its way from
the beginning of supply chain to the customer.
4. KHAN HAMIA
⚫Safe, efficient, reliable, and sustainable movement of
persons and goods over time and space.
⚫ Transportation is an important supply chain driver
because products are rarely produced and consumed
in the same location.
⚫Transportation is the most visible logistic operation
(approx 40-50 % of total Logistics cost).
5. Parties
KHAN HAMIA
Shipper:
⚫the party who wants to transport the product from
one place to another place.
Carrier:
⚫Carrier is company that moves the goods from one
place to another place.
7. AIR
KHAN HAMIA
⚫Air freighting is commonly used by companies who
work with short lead times, or advanced service
levels.
⚫Air transportation is best suited for small, high-
value items or time sensitive emergency
shipments that have to travel a long distance.
⚫ Air carriers normally move shipments that have
high value but light weight .
9. KHAN HAMIA
Advantages of Air transportation:
⚫ It is the fastest mode of transport.
⚫ It is very useful in transporting goods to the area, which are
not accessible by any other means.
⚫ Reduces lead time.
⚫ Improved service levels
⚫ Less loss(less protective packaging)
Disadvantages:
⚫ It is relatively more expensive mode of transport.
⚫ It is not suitable for short distance travel
⚫ Overall High Cost
⚫ Weather Disturbance
10. SEAWAYS/ Water Transportation
KHAN HAMIA
⚫Water transport uses ships and large commercial
vessels that carry billions of tons of cargo.
⚫ water transport is used primarily for the movement
of large bulk commodity shipments and it is the
cheapest mode for carrying such load.
⚫Water transport is particularly effective for
significantly large quantities of goods that are non-
perishable in nature and for cities or states that have
water access.
12. KHAN HAMIA
Advantages of water transportation:
⚫ It is a relatively economical mode of transport for bulky and heavy
goods.
⚫ The cost of maintaining and constructing routes is very low most of
them are naturally made.
⚫ It promotes international trade.
Disadvantages:
⚫ It is a slow moving mode of transport and therefore not suitable for
transport of perishable goods.
⚫ It is adversely affected by weather conditions( winter season+
Flood)
⚫ Sea transport requires large investment on ships and their
maintenance.
⚫ Substantial packaging is needed especially against rough handling
during unloading and loading operations
13. KHAN HAMIA
USED FOR:
⚫Low valued bulk products
⚫International trade.
⚫Types- Tankers, Dry bulk carriers, Container ships
and Special vessels
⚫India has around 639 ships
⚫ Major items are- crude oil and other petroleum
products, Iron ores, Coal, Food grains etc
14. RAIL
KHAN HAMIA
⚫Rail transport uses freight trains for the delivery of
merchandise.
⚫Freight trains are usually powered by diesel, and
electricity
⚫Rail is suited for bulk shipment of products like
fertilizer, cement, food grains and coal etc. from the
production plant to the warehouses.
15. KHAN HAMIA
USED FOR :
⚫Good for Larger loads, long distance transportation.
⚫ Transport all types of goods-mostly the bulk items
like Coal, Iron ore, Cement, Fertilizers, Petroleum,
Heavy Machineries, Raw materials, Finished
products, live cattle etc.
16. KHAN HAMIA
Advantages of Rail transportation:
⚫ It is relatively faster than road transport.
⚫ It is suitable for carrying heavy goods in large quantities
over long distances.
⚫ Cost effective.
Limitations of Rail transportation:
⚫ It is relatively expensive for carrying goods over short
distances.
⚫ It is not available in remote parts of the country.
⚫ It provides service according to fixed time schedule and
is not flexible for loading or unloading of goods at any
place.
17. ROAD/TRUCK
KHAN HAMIA
Trucking industry is divided into two parts i.e.
TL: Truck Load and LTL: Less than Truck load.
⚫ TL: TL pricing display the economic of scale with respect
the distance travel.
⚫ TL shipping suited for transportation between
manufacturing facilities and warehouses.
⚫ LTL: LTL operations are priced to encourage shipments
in small lots, usually less than half a TL.
⚫ TL shipping is suites for shipments that are large to be
mailed as small packages.
18. KHAN HAMIA
Road Transport Advantages:
⚫ It is a relatively cheaper mode of transport as compared to other modes.
⚫ It is a flexible mode of transport as loading and unloading is possible
at any destination.
⚫ It provides door-to-door service.
⚫ Remote locations: It helps to carry goods from one place to another, in
places which are not connected by other means of transport like hilly areas.
Limitations of Road transport:
⚫ Due to limited carrying capacity road transport is not economical for long
distance transportation of goods.(Poor conditions of road)
⚫ Transportation of heavy goods or goods in bulk by road involves high cost.
⚫ Multi point police checks
19. MULTIMODAL/ Intermodal
KHAN HAMIA
⚫ Intermodal Transportation is use of more than one mode of
transport for the movement of shipment from origin to its
destination.
⚫ Intermodal operation is used two or more mode of transport
to take the advantage of inherent economies of each and thus
provide the integrated service at lower cost.
⚫ Combining of 2 or more modes of transportation
⚫ Services linking 2 nodal locations
⚫ Reasons: limited accessibility of rail, water, pipeline & air
modes.
⚪ Eg. Combination of rail & road may provide the long distance.
⚪ Economy of rail & high accessibility of road together
⚪ Eg. Rail-water combination could yield the speed & lower cost
20. PACKAGE CARRIER
KHAN HAMIA
⚫Package carriers are transportation companies which
carry small packages. Examples: FedEx, UPS, DHL.
Etc.
⚫ Package carrier use air, truck and rail to transport
the goods.
⚫Packages carriers also provide other value added
services that allow shippers to inventory flow and
track order status, shipper can proactively inform the
customer about their packages.
⚫ Package carrier is suited for e- business.
22. Pipeline
KHAN HAMIA
⚫Pipeline is used primarily for the transport of crude
petroleum, refined petroleum products and natural
gas.
⚫ It include a significant initial fixed cost in setting up
the pipeline and related infrastructure.
⚫ Pipelines are not flexible and this scope is limited
with respect to commodities.
⚫ Unable to transport a variety of materials
23. KHAN HAMIA
⚫ Utilized for fluids, sewages, gas, chemicals etc
⚫ Privately owned or hired
Advantage-
⚫ Available all the time
⚫ Lower variable or operating cost
⚫ Large quantities in a single continuous shipment
⚫ Protection provided by pipeline
⚫ Disadvantage-
⚫ Limited to routes
⚫ Limited with respect to commodities
⚫ Highest investment cost or fixed cost
28. Economy of scale
KHAN HAMIA
⚫ It refers to the characteristic that transportation cost per unit of weight
decreases when the size of the shipment increases.
⚫ For example, truckload (TL) shipments (i.e., shipments that utilize the entire
vehicle’s capacity) cost less than less-than-truckload (LTL) shipments (i.e.,
shipments that utilize a portion of vehicle capacity).
⚫ It is also generally true that larger capacity transportation vehicles such as rail or
water are less expensive per unit of weight than smaller capacity vehicles such as
motor(truck) or air.
⚫ Transportation economies of scale exist because expenses associated with moving a
load can be spread over the load’s weight. As such, a heavier load allows costs to be
“spread out ,” thereby decreasing costs per unit of weight.
⚫ The fixed expenses include administrative costs of taking the transportation order,
time to position the vehicle for loading or unloading, invoicing, and equipment cost.
⚫ These costs are considered fixed because they do not vary with shipment volume.
30. DISTANCE
KHAN HAMIA
⚫Unit cost of transportation decreases with increasing
distance in transportation.
⚫Same load transported in one step across 1000 km
cost less than transporting load in two steps of 500
km each across the same 1000 km because of double
loading & unloading charges.
⚫The two principles state that transportation
management decisions should aim to
maximize size of load & distance of shipment
in order to obtain cost benefits, taking care of
customers requirements & satisfaction.
32. Product Movement
KHAN HAMIA
⚫ Whether the product is in the form of materials, components,
assemblies, work-in-process, or finished goods, transportation is
necessary to move it to the next stage of the manufacturing process
or physically closer to the ultimate customer.
⚫ A primary transportation function is product movement up and
down the value chain.
⚫ Transportation utilizes temporal, financial, and environmental
resources, it is important that items be moved only when it truly
enhances product value. The major objective of transportation is to
move product from an origin location to a prescribed destination
while minimizing temporal, financial, and environmental
resource costs.
⚫ Loss and damage expenses must also be minimized.
⚫ The performance of transportation is vital to
procurement, manufacturing, and market distribution.
33. Product storage
KHAN HAMIA
⚫A less visible aspect of transportation is product
storage. While a product is in a transportation
vehicle, it is being stored.
⚫“Refrigerated vehicles”
⚫Transport vehicles can also be used for product
storage at shipment origin or destination, but they
are comparatively expensive storage facilities.
35. Transport Participants
KHAN HAMIA
⚫ The transportation environment impacts the range of
decisions that can be implemented in a logistical system.
Unlike most commercial transactions, transportation
decisions are influenced by six parties:
⚫ Shipper.
⚫ Destination party traditionally called the consignee.
⚫ Carriers and agents.
⚫ Government.
⚫ Internet.
⚫ The public.
36. KHAN HAMIA
1.The shipper (consignor)
⚫ All transportation process begins with a company transferring its
goods from a warehouse to another place such as distributors,
customers or even another warehouse.
⚫ The consignor is the sender of a shipment in a contract of
transport. They are also called the Shipper, who wants to have their
goods moved as quickly and safely as possible. This could be done
by the shipper themselves through their in-house fleet or by a 3PL
company. Either way, both the shipper and the recipient would
want a completed sale or purchase transaction.
⚫ A successful transaction is considered when all the goods are
transported at the lowest cost and in the fastest time, from
origin to the correct destination. Apart from that, other issues
related to transportation including pickup and delivery time, loss
and damage,… should also be taken care of.
37. KHAN HAMIA
⚫2. The recipient (consignee)
⚫The consignee or the recipient is the receiver of a
shipment of freight.
⚫The consignee wants transportation that is low-
cost, reliable and capable of delivery in the
shortest time possible.
38. KHAN HAMIA
3.Carrier
⚫ A carrier is a company providing air ,sea or land transportation services. In
a transportation decisions, the carriers are responsible for actually moving
the goods and products.
⚫ Unlike the shipper and the recipient, carriers want to receive the highest
rate possible for services, while keeping labor, fuel and vehicle costs as
minimal as they can.
⚫ There are many different types of carriers, including common and contract
carriers; local, regional or national carriers as well as local or for-hire one.
⚫ While large carriers can have more capacity and provide better equipment,
smaller players provide a better, more personalized service and flexibility to
their shippers.
⚫ It’s important to consider your business needs, destination, freight volume,
and type when choosing a freight carrier to work with.
⚫
39. KHAN HAMIA
4.Government
⚫A stable and efficient transportation environment
requires that carriers provide essential services at
reasonable cost.
⚫Because of the direct impact of transportation on
economic success, governments have traditionally
been more involved in the practices of carriers than
in most other commercial enterprises.
40. KHAN HAMIA
5. Internet
⚫A recent development in the transportation industry
is a wide assortment of internet based
⚫The primary advantage of such communications is
the ability of carriers to share real time
information with customers and suppliers.
⚫The availability of real time information is improving
shipment visibility to the point where tracing and
tracking are no longer a challenge.
42. Importance of an Effective Transportation
System
KHAN HAMIA
1.Greater Competition
With a poorly developed transportation system, the extent
of the market is limited to the areas immediately
surrounding the point of production.
2Reduced Prices (crude oil)
⚫ Inexpensive transportation also contributes to reduced
product prices.
⚫ As transportation becomes more efficient, as well as
offering improved performance, society benefits through
a higher standard of living.
3Economies of scale (Auto parts and low- labour
cost)
44. TRANSPORTATION COST
KHAN HAMIA
⚫ Transportation usually represents the most important
single element in logistics costs for most firms.
⚫ Freight movements have been observed to absorb
between one-third and two-thirds of total logistics costs.
⚫ A transportation service incurs a number of costs, such
as labor, fuel, maintenance, terminal, roadway,
administrative, and others. This cost mix can be
arbitrarily divided into those costs that vary with services
or volume (variable costs) and those that do not (fixed
costs).
1. Fixed cost
2. Variable cost
45. Fixed cost
KHAN HAMIA
They include the costs:
(i) Of providing the infrastructure (i.e., the roads, the port
or the railway line);
(ii) Of providing, equipping and staffing the terminal
facilities (i.e., bus depots, railway stations or airports);
(iii) Of providing managerial, administrative and
maintenance staff and their offices and workshops.
These costs are inescapable because they cannot be
avoided except by abandoning the whole operation. They
also do not vary with the level of traffic, but remain
independent of it.
46. Variable cost/ line haul cost
KHAN HAMIA
⚫ These are costs incurred by the actual movement of
traffic and therefore vary with the level of the traffic
passing.
⚫ They include the cost of fuel, crew wages and the
maintenance of vehicles due to the operation of
those vehicles in traffic service, for example the
replacement of worn bus tyres or routine inspection of an
aircraft.
⚫ They are called escapable because they can be avoided
or escaped by not running a particular train, suspending
a particular flight or a private motorist leaving his or her
car in the garage and walking to the shops.
51. Transportation Costs cont..
KHAN HAMIA
Transportation cost is the cost occurred during
transporting the freight from one place to another.
The followings are the elements of transportation
costs-
1. Tariff of transportation mode: It depends on-
– Nature of the product
– Distance to be covered
– Quantity of the shipment
– Transit time
– En route handling needs
52. KHAN HAMIA
2.Transit Time Cost:
3. Obsolescence & Deterioration Cost:
- Changes in physical feature of the products resulting
in value reduction, especially perishable items like
Milk, Vegetables, Fruits, Fish, Egg etc
53. KHAN HAMIA
4. Protective Packaging Cost-
– To avoid breakage and pilferage
– To avoid damage due to rain etc
– It depends on the mode of transport
5. Transit Insurance Cost-
-To cover the loss during transit
6. Miscellaneous Cost-
- Toll tax, Local levy etc
58. TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT
DECISIONs
KHAN HAMIA
It has two stage process
1) Mode of transportation selection:-
Based on factors affecting desired performance , the total logistics
performance & cost incurred in it.
Speed of transportation affects lead time of inventory, availability to firm,
inventory carrying cost, stock out cost
2) The carrier …whether Common (Public) , Contract or Private:-
• Reliability or consistency of lead time affects stock out cost
• Safety
• Capability – ability to transport different products
• Flexibility – door to door delivery
• Capacity – amount that can be carried in one trip
• Frequency