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Transfer of learning
The document discusses the concept of transfer of learning, which is the ability to apply knowledge learned in one context to new situations, outlining its importance and factors affecting it. It identifies types of transfer such as positive, negative, near, and far transfer, and details five stages of transfer from intention to unconscious maintenance. Additionally, it emphasizes conditions necessary for effective transfer, including the relevance of learning and the similarity between learning contexts.
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Transfer of learning
- 1. Transfer of Learning Preparedby: Gracetyl Mae B. Calago Loading . . . 20%30%60%80%100%
- 2. Explain howtransfer of learning occurs Identify the factors that affect transfer of learning Apply principles of transfer in facilitating transfer of learning Objectives
- 3. Advance Organizer Transfer ofLearning Types ofTransfer Conditions and Principles ofTransfer Five Stages ofTransfer
- 4. Refers tothe ability to apply knowledge learned in one context to new contexts (Bransford, Brown, and Cocking 1999) Originally introduced as transfer of practice by EdwardThorndike and Robert S. Woodworth (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_of_learning) Transfer of Learning
- 5. Transfer of learningoccurs when the learner: recognizes common features among concepts, skills, or principles links the information in memory sees the value of utilizing what was learned in one situation in another Transfer of Learning (cont.)
- 6. Knowledge of Frenchmay help the student learn Spanish Example
- 7. Learning to drivea car helps a person to later drive a truck Example
- 8. Learning mathematics preparesstudents to study physics Example
- 9. If wedid not transfer some of our prior knowledge, then each new learning situation would start from scratch. Is transfer of learning important?
- 10. Assumption ofeducation: what is taught in a course will be used in relevant situations in other courses, in the workplace and out of school Is transfer of learning important? SOURCE: http://www.slideshare.net/FydaRahim/transfer-of-learning-29002564
- 11. All newlearning involves transfer based on previous learning (Bransford, 41). Is transfer of learning important?
- 12. Types of Transfer PositiveTransfer Negative Transfer Near Transfer Far Transfer
- 13. It occurswhen learning in one context improves performance in some other context. Positive Transfer ! Japanese Language Mexican Language
- 14. It occurswhen learning in one context impacts negatively on performance in another. Negative Transfer
- 15. Negative Transfer (cont.) Example: Astudent previously learned that when the subject is singular, you will put an ‘s’ at the end of the verb and when it is plural, you do not put an ‘s’ at the end of the verb. However, the subjects ‘I’ and ‘You’ do not follow the rule. If the student have not learned the exception properly, he will be adding an ‘s’ at the end of the verb.
- 16. It refersto transfer between very similar contexts. Also referred to as specific transfer Near Transfer S4 S5
- 17. It refersto transfer between contexts that, on appearance, seem remote and alien to one another. Also referred to as general transfer Far Transfer
- 18. A chess playermay apply basic strategies to investment practices or policies Far Transfer (cont.)
- 19. “… that almostmagical link between classroom performance and something which is supposed to happen in the real world” – Swinney (1989) “Transfer”
- 20. Five Stages ofTransfer Transfer Intention Transfer Initiation PartialTransfer Conscious Maintenance Unconscious Maintenance 1 2 3 4 5 SOURCE: Foxon, Marguerite. A process approach to the transfer of training. Australian Journal of Educational Technology. 1993, 9 (2), 130 -143
- 21. This isthe end-of-course motivation of the learner to apply aspects of the learning in the work environment (Huczynski & Lewis, 1980; Noe, 1986). Five Stages of Transfer (1st Stage) Transfer Intention
- 22. It refersto the attempts to apply any aspect of the learning in the work environment (Laker, 1990), and is a necessary precursor to partial transfer and transfer maintenance. Five Stages of Transfer (2nd Stage) Transfer Initiation
- 23. It occurswhen only some skills are transferred. Five Stages of Transfer (3rd Stage) PartialTransfer
- 24. In thisstage, the learner makes a conscious choice to use the skills whenever their use is appropriate. Five Stages of Transfer (4th Stage) Conscious Maintenance
- 25. In thisstage, the skills have been integrated into job behavior, and transfer has occurred in full. Five Stages of Transfer (5th Stage) Unconscious Maintenance
- 26. Conditions and Principlesof Transfer Similarity between two learning situations Degree of meaningfulness/relevance of learning Length of instructional time Variety of learning experiences Context for learner’s experiences Focus on principles rather than tasks Emphasis on metacognition
- 27. Similarity between twolearning situations Principle ofTransfer Implication The more similar the two situations are, the greater the chances that learning from one situation will be transferred to the other situation. Involve students in learning situations and tasks that are similar as possible to the situations where they would apply the tasks.
- 28. Degree of meaningfulness/relevance oflearning Meaningful learning leads to greater transfer than rote learning Remember to provide opportunities for learners to link new material to what they learned in the past. Principle ofTransfer Implication
- 29. Length of instructionaltime The longer the time spent in instruction, the greater the probability of transfer To ensure transfer, teach a few topics in depth rather than many topics tackled in a shallow manner Principle ofTransfer Implication
- 30. Variety of learningexperiences Exposure to many and varied examples and opportunities for practice to encourage transfer Illustrate new concepts and principles with a variety of examples. Plan activities to practice their newly learned skills. Principle ofTransfer Implication
- 31. Context for learner’sexperiences Transfer of learning is most likely to happen when learners discover that what they learned is applicable to various contexts. Relate topic in one subject to topics in other subjects or disciplines. Relate it also to real life situations. Principle ofTransfer Implication
- 32. Focus on principlesrather than tasks Principles transfer is easier than facts Zero in on principles related to each topic together with strategies based on those principles Principle ofTransfer Implication
- 33. Emphasis on metacognition Studentreflection improves transfer of learning Encourage students to take responsibility for their own learning, and to reflect on what they learned Principle ofTransfer Implication
- 34. What doestransfer of learning mean? When can you say that transfer of learning has occurred? Why is transfer of learning important? What are the types of transfer? What are the five stages of transfer? What are the conditions/factors that affect the transfer of learning? Summary
- 35.