Transaction processing monitors (TPM) ensure transactions process completely or are rolled back if errors occur. TPMs work in multi-tier architectures by forwarding transactions between servers running on different platforms. TPMs use ACID properties to provide atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability of transactions. Examples of TPMs include IBM's CICS and BEA's TUXEDO. TPMs are critical for ensuring transactions are processed reliably in multi-step distributed systems.
Transaction Processing Monitors represent an early type of middleware that is still widely used for performing distributed transactions involving multiple databases.
Usually TPMs employ the two phase commit protocol that ensures ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) as in relational databases.
In transaction processing, databases, and computer networking, the two-phase commit protocol (2PC) is a type of atomic commitment protocol (ACP). ... The protocol achieves its goal even in many cases of temporary system failure (involving either process, network node, communication, etc. failures), and is thus widely used.
Transaction Processing Monitors represent an early type of middleware that is still widely used for performing distributed transactions involving multiple databases.
Usually TPMs employ the two phase commit protocol that ensures ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) as in relational databases.
In transaction processing, databases, and computer networking, the two-phase commit protocol (2PC) is a type of atomic commitment protocol (ACP). ... The protocol achieves its goal even in many cases of temporary system failure (involving either process, network node, communication, etc. failures), and is thus widely used.
Trafodion brings a completely distributed scalable transaction management implementation integrated into HBase. It does not suffer from the scale and performance limitations of other transaction managers on HBase.
This presentation reviews the elegant architecture and how this architecture is leveraged to provide full ACID SQL transactional capabilities across multiple rows, tables, statements, and region servers. It discusses the life of a transaction from BEGIN WORK, to updates, to ABORT WORK, to COMMIT WORK, and then discusses recovery and high availability capabilities provided. An accompanying white paper goes into depth explaining this animated presentation in more detail.
Given the increasing interest for transaction managers on Hadoop, or to provide transactional capabilities for NoSQL users when needed, the Trafodion community can certainly open up this Distributed Transaction Management support to be leveraged by implementations other than Trafodion.
Transaction Processing; Concurrency control; ACID properties; Schedule and Discoverability; Serialization; Concurrency control and Recovery; Two Phase locking; Deadlock Shadow Paging
Transaction is a unit of program execution that accesses and possibly updates various data items.
Usually, a transaction is initiated by a user program written in a high-level data-manipulation language or programming language (for example, SQL,COBOL, C, C++, or Java), where it is delimited by statements (or function calls) of the form begin transaction and end transaction.
Distributed database system is collection of loosely coupled sites that are independeant of each other.
Distributed transaction model
Concurrency control
2 phase commit protocol
Trafodion brings a completely distributed scalable transaction management implementation integrated into HBase. It does not suffer from the scale and performance limitations of other transaction managers on HBase.
This presentation reviews the elegant architecture and how this architecture is leveraged to provide full ACID SQL transactional capabilities across multiple rows, tables, statements, and region servers. It discusses the life of a transaction from BEGIN WORK, to updates, to ABORT WORK, to COMMIT WORK, and then discusses recovery and high availability capabilities provided. An accompanying white paper goes into depth explaining this animated presentation in more detail.
Given the increasing interest for transaction managers on Hadoop, or to provide transactional capabilities for NoSQL users when needed, the Trafodion community can certainly open up this Distributed Transaction Management support to be leveraged by implementations other than Trafodion.
Transaction Processing; Concurrency control; ACID properties; Schedule and Discoverability; Serialization; Concurrency control and Recovery; Two Phase locking; Deadlock Shadow Paging
Transaction is a unit of program execution that accesses and possibly updates various data items.
Usually, a transaction is initiated by a user program written in a high-level data-manipulation language or programming language (for example, SQL,COBOL, C, C++, or Java), where it is delimited by statements (or function calls) of the form begin transaction and end transaction.
Distributed database system is collection of loosely coupled sites that are independeant of each other.
Distributed transaction model
Concurrency control
2 phase commit protocol
Paper-Digital User Interfaces - Applications, Frameworks and Future ChallengesBeat Signer
Invited talk given at the User Interface Colloquium, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany, November 2, 2009
While there have been dramatic increases in the use of digital technologies for information storage, processing and delivery over the last few decades, the affordances of paper have ensured its retention as a key information medium. Despite predictions of the paperless office, paper is ever more present in our daily work. However, there is a gap between the paper and digital worlds: information present in paper documents cannot be seamlessly transferred to digital media and digital services are not easily accessible from the paper world.
ABSTRACT: In this talk I will present an information-centric approach for integrating paper with digital as well as physical media based on a general cross-media information platform (iServer). Some details about the architecture and implementation of the iServer platform as well as the underlying resource-selector-link (RSL) metamodel for cross-media linking will be highlighted. A selection of interactive paper applications that have been developed based on this platform over the past nine years will be presented, including the EdFest interactive paper guide for the Edinburgh festivals, the PaperPoint presentation tool as well as the PaperProof proof-editing solution. Challenges and solutions for novel forms of interactive paper and cross-media publishing are discussed based on the presented applications. This includes specific extensions of the iServer platform and RSL model as well as the application of our solution in new domains such as digital libraries, cross-media annotation and retrieval or personal cross-media information management that goes beyond the hierarchical information management imposed by the desktop metaphor.
Dbms architecture
Three level architecture is also called ANSI/SPARC architecture or three schema architecture
This framework is used for describing the structure of specific database systems (small systems may not support all aspects of the architecture)
In this architecture the database schemas can be defined at three levels explained in next slide
# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
3. What is Transaction Processing
Monitor?
Transaction Processing Monitor is a
program that monitors a transaction as it
passes from one stage in a process to
another.
The TP monitor's purpose is to ensure
that the transaction processes completely.
If an error occurs it takes appropriate
actions.
It is used in 2-tier, 3-tier and n-tier
architectures. 3
4. Introduction contd......
A TPM is critical in multi-tier architectures
because a given transaction may be
forwarded to any one of several servers with
processes running on different platforms.
After completing each transaction, the TPM
can process another transaction without
being influenced by the previous transaction.
Examples of TPM are:
CICS (Customer Information Control
System) by IBM.
TUXEDO by BEA.
4
5. Working Mechanism
The working mechanism of TPM can be
described with the help of ACID
properties.
◦ Atomicity: It defines all transactions are
either performed completely or are not done
at all; a partial transaction that is aborted must
be rolled back.
◦ Consistency: It ensures that the system
remains in a consistent state before the start
and end of the transaction. 5
6. Working Mechanism cont.
Isolation: It refers to the requirement that
other transactions or processes cannot
access or see the data in an intermediate
state during a transaction.
Durability: Once a transaction is
completed, the changes must be visible and
it cannot be undone.
6
