The document provides information about the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (TPSEP), an international trade agreement, and details regarding Singapore, one of the signatory countries. It discusses key aspects of Singapore's economy, including its position as a global trade hub, highly skilled workforce, low taxes, and foreign investment. Major imports and exports are also summarized, with electronics, machinery, and oil comprising significant trade volumes with partners like China, the US, and within Southeast Asia.

1. Trans-Pacific Strategic
Economic Partnership
Agreement
Singapore

2. TPSEP
• The Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership
Agreement(TPSEP) is a trade agreement between
four Pacific Rim countries concerning a variety of matters
of economic policy.
• The agreement was signed by Brunei, Chile, Singapore and
New Zealand in 2005 and entered into force in 2006.
• It is a comprehensive trade agreement, affecting trade in
goods, rules of origin, trade remedies, sanitary and
phytosanitary measures, technical barriers to trade, trade in
services, intellectual property, government procurement and
competition policy.
• Among other things, it called for reduction by 90 percent of
all tariffs between member countries by 1 January 2006, and
reduction of all trade tariffs to zero by the year 2015.

3. Singapore
• Republic of Singapore is a sovereign state and global
city in Southeast Asia, and the world's only island city-
state.
• It is a global commerce, finance and transport hub.
• Its standings include: the most "technology-ready“
nation (WEF), top International-meetings city (UIA), city
with "best investment potential" (BERI), 2nd-most
competitive country (WEF), 3rd-largest foreign
exchange centre, 3rd-largest financial centre, 3rd-
largest oil refining and trading centre and one of the top
two busiest container ports since the 1990s

4. Singapore
• Singapore's best known global brands include Singapore
Airlines (SIA) and Changi Airport, both amongst the most-
awarded in their industry.
• For the past decade, it has been the only Asian country
with the top AAA sovereign rating from all major credit
rating agencies including S&P, Moody's and Fitch
• Singapore ranks high on its national social policies,
leading Asia and 11th globally, on the Human
Development Index (UN), notably on key
measures of education, healthcare, life expectancy, quality
of life, personal safety, and housing.

5. Singapore
• The Singaporean economy is known as one of the freest,
most innovative, most competitive, most dynamic and most
business-friendly. The 2015 Index of Economic
Freedom ranks Singapore as the second freest economy
in the world and the Ease of Doing Business Index has
also ranked Singapore as the easiest place to do business
for the past decade.
• Singapore attracts a large amount of foreign investment
as a result of its location, skilled workforce, low tax rates,
advanced infrastructure and zero-tolerance against
corruption.

6. Singapore
• There are more than 7,000 multinational corporations from
the United States, Japan, and Europe in Singapore. There
are also approximately 1,500 companies from China and a
similar number from India. Foreign firms are found in
almost all sectors of the country's economy.
• Singapore is also the second-largest foreign investor in
India first being Mauritius.
• Over ten free-trade agreements have been signed with
other countries and regions one of which is Trans-Pacific
Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement.

7. Singapore - Economy
• The economy is diversified, with its top contributors –
financial services, manufacturing, oil-refining.
• Its main exports are refined petroleum, integrated circuits
and computers which constituted 27% of the country's
GDP in 2010, and includes significant electronics,
petroleum refining, chemicals, mechanical engineering
and biomedical sciences sectors.
• In 2006, Singapore produced about 10% of the world's
foundry wafer output.

8. Imports
In 2015, Singapore bought US$296.9 billion worth of
imported products down by -18.8% since 2011 and -18.9%
from 2014 to 2015. The distribution is all follows:
• Electronic equipment: US$84.8 billion (28.6% of total
imports)
• Oil: $64.7 billlion (21.8%)
• Machinery: $43.1 billion (14.5%)
• Medical, technical equipment: $10 billion (3.4%)
• Gems, precious metals: $9.4 billion (3.2%)
• Aircraft, spacecraft: $7.6 billion (2.6%)
• Plastics: $6.7 billion (2.2%)
• Organic Chemicals: $5. 7 billion (1.9%)
• Vehicles: $5.3 billion (1.8%)
• Other Chemical goods: $3.9 billion (1.3%)

9. Major Imports Partners
• China's exports to Singapore amounted to
$42.1 billion or 14.2% of its overall imports including
Electronics equipment, Machinery, Oil, Iron and Steel and
Medical , technical Equipment
• America's exports to Singapore amounted to
$33.3 billion or 11.2% of its overall imports which included
Machinery, Electronic equipment & Aircraft, spacecraft
• India’s main exports to Singapore in 2005 included petroleum,
gemstones, jewellery, machinery and its imports from
Singapore included electronic goods, organic chemicals and
metals valued at $5.09 billion.
• Other import partners of Singapore are Malaysia ($33.1
billion), Taiwan ($24.7 billion), Japan ($18.6 billion), South
Korea ($18.2 billion) etc.

10. Exports
Singapore shipped US$346.8 billion worth of goods around the
globe in 2015, down by -15.3% since 2011 and down by -15.4%
from 2014 to 2015. Top exports to the world are
• Electronic equipment: US$118.2 billion (34.1% of total
exports)
• Machinery: $51 billion (14.7%)
• Oil: $43.8 billion (12.6%)
• Organic chemicals: $15.6 billion (4.5%)
• Medical, technical equipment: $15.4 billion (4.5%)
• Plastics: $13.5 billion (3.9%)
• Pharmaceuticals: $6.8 billion (2%)
• Gems, precious metals: $6.7 billion (1.9%)
• Aircraft, spacecraft: $6.4 billion (1.9%)
• Other chemical goods: $5.1 billion (1.5%)

11. Major Export Partners
• Singapore's exports to China amounted to $47.7 billion or
13.8% of its overall exports including Electronic equipment:
$22 billion, Machinery: $5.6 billion & Plastics: $4.2 billion.
• Singapore's exports to Hong Kong amounted to $39.7 billion
or 11.4% of its overall exports including Electronic equipment:
$26.9 billion, Machinery: $3 billion & Oil: $2 billion
• Singapore’s exports to India are "re-exports" – items that had
been imported from India. India’s imports were valued at USD
6578.44 Million and total shipments were 830073.
• Other export partners of Singapore are Malaysia ($37.8
billion), Indonesia ($28.4 billion) and US ($23.2 billion)

12. Major Brands in Singapore
Singapore's largest companies are in the telecoms,
banking, transportation and manufacturing sectors, many of
which started as state-run enterprises, and has since been
listed on the Singapore Exchange, including Singapore
Telecommunications (Singtel), Singapore Technologies
Engineering, Keppel Corporation, Oversea-Chinese
Banking Corporation (OCBC), Development Bank of
Singapore (DBS), United Overseas Bank(UOB)
The nation's best known global brands include Singapore
Airlines, Changi Airport and Port of Singapore, all three are
amongst the most-awarded in there respective industry
sectors.

13. SLEPT Analysis
SLEPT is a business tool used to study the macro-
environmental factors. It is an acronym for political,
economic, social, technological, legal and environmental
factors. Let’s see how each of these factors impacts the
country.

14. Political Factors
• The political risk in Singapore is quite low. In fact, the Political
And Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC) states that the
country enjoys the lowest political risk in the continent. It is a
democratic country. The people elect representatives to lead
the nation. Since its independence, they cherished relative
political stability. Today, the stability has translated to peace
and a better standard of living. Moreover, It has transformed
into improved business opportunities for Singapore.
• However, there have been reports about restriction of free
speech for opposition parties in Singapore. It is said that the
value of free speech for the parties is limited. The defamation
laws require opposition parties to be careful that political
comments do not lead to costly defamation suits or
imprisonment.

15. Economic Factors
• The economy of Singapore is a vibrant free-market economy. It is
developing at a very fast pace. The country’s per-capita income is
the highest in ASEAN. A corruption-free environment supports the
business sector. It is among the most competitive countries. The
educated and motivated workers strengthen it. The legal and
financial business framework helps as well.
• Recently, the government has invested in diversifying the economy.
As a result, the tourism, pharmaceutical, and many other industries
have flourished. One of the main reasons behind the success is its
strategic geographic location. The government is an imperative and
active player. It owns substantial productive assets. Cheaper labour
cost from neighbouring countries helps Singapore save a lot of
costs.
• Some constraints on Singapore’s economic performance are the
following:
• Labor shortages
• Rising labor costs
• Declines in productivity

16. Social Factors
• Socially, Singapore is like any other Eastern country. It still
follows traditional family values. It is true that the younger
generation has the tendency to follow western culture and
values. The residents work hard and fulfil the materialism
desire. This urge to do well has increased nation productivity.
The business sectors can, therefore, expect higher
purchasing power from customers. Reports suggest that most
Singaporeans dislike blue collar jobs like construction.
• Literacy rate in the country is very high. Primary schooling is
compulsory in Singapore. Parents must ensure children’s
regular attendance. Good command of English and Chinese
languages gives Singaporeans an advantage. It helps to
attract international trade and foreign investment.

17. Technological Factors
• We can see that one of the main reasons behind the change
in lifestyle and quality of life is the technological advancement.
• As you might have guessed, the internet plays a role in
Singapore’s advancement. It eased communication and
increases connectivity. The cost and time of conducting
business lowered. It also boosted the social networking. The
residents could easily connect to the rest of the world.
• The IT infrastructure in Singapore is praise-worthy. The
penetration rate for household broadband internet is over
70%. E-commerce and eB2Cmodels have flourished in turn.
More than 10Mbps of broadband internet service is available.
The widespread IT infrastructure has encouraged
multinational companies to set up regional operations in
Singapore. The government is also moving towards an
electronic government era.

18. Environmental Factors
• The Ministry of the Environment and Anti-Pollution Unit works
relentlessly to maintain air quality and other environmental factors.
Pollution from the transportation is the key problem in Singapore’s
urban areas. There was a time when Singapore was among countries
with the highest level of industrial carbon dioxide emissions.
• Singapore lost almost 30% of its mangrove area. Many species are in
danger of extinction.
• The Water Pollution Control and Drainage Act helps control water
quality. One of the major concerns for Singaporeans is that the country
does not have enough water to support their needs. Pollution from the
industrial byproducts like oil increases the problem. As a solution, water
is recycled after desalination.
• As there is a lack of water resources, Singapore is dependent on
Malaysian supplied water. A local brand called NEWater supplies
sewage water after purifying it using dual-membrane. More solutions to
this problem are needed.

19. Thank you!