trade union-human resource management

1. TRADE UNIONISM

2. Webbs
“A continuous association of wage earners for
the purpose of maintaining/ improving the
condition of their working lives”
Cole
“A trade union means an association of
workers in one/ more occupations-an association
carried on mainly for the purpose of protecting
and advancing the members’ economic interest
in connection with their daily work”

3. Trade union act 1928(section 2(h))
“Any combination ,whether temporary or
permanent, formed primarily for the purpose of
• Regulating the relation
workmen and employer
workmen and workmen
employer and employer
• For imposing restrictive conditions on conduct of
any trade/ business ,and any federation of two or
more trade unions”

4. CHARACTERISTICS
• It is a voluntary association of workers formed to
protect and promote their interest through
collective bargaining.
• Such an association of workers could be
temporary temporary/permanent.
• Trade union being voluntary one, worker has
choice to join or not to join a union.
• A trade union has also choice or nor to affiliated
itself with apex body of trade union and
federation of unions.

5. ROLE/NEED OF TRADE UNION
• Job security
• Wages and salary
• Working condition
• Fair and just supervision
• Powerlessness
• Need to being

6. TYPE OF TRADE
UNIONS/LABOUR UNIONS

7. INDUSTRIAL UNION
• Union composed primarily for semi-skilled
blue collar employees in the manufacturing
industry.
• Also known as vertical union.
• It include all workers in particular
company/industry regardless of their
occupation.
• Constitute a mixture of skills and lack of
homogeneity in skill.

8. TRADE UNION(CRAFT UNION)
• Association of workers cutting across many
cony companies and industries.
• Also known as horizontal union.
• Members are belonging to one craft/a closely
related group of occupation.

9. EMPLOYEE ASSOCIATION
• Also known as fraternal order.
• Composed of white collar/ professional
employees.
Ex : FEDCUTA

10. THEORIES OF TRADE UNION

11. REVOLUTIONARY THEORY
• Also known as “The theory of class war and
dialectical materialism”.
• Developed by Karl Marx.
• Trade union was the foremost organizing center to
provide locus for streamlining the force of working
class.
• Instruments to overthrow capitalism.
• Instrument of class struggle between workers and
capitalist businessmen.
• Workers emancipation involves abolition of
capitalism.

13. EVOLUTIONARY THEORY
• Know as “Theory of industrial revolution.”
• Enunciated by Sydney and Beatrice Webbs.
• Extension of the principle of democracy in
industrial sphere.
• Means of equalizing the bargaining power of
labour and capital.
• Provides a means by which workers overcome
managerial dictatorship, on the one hand and
express their voice in the determination of the
conditions under which they have to work on the
other hand.

14. THEORY OF INDUSTRIAL
JURISPRUDENCE
• Propounded by S.H Slitcher.
• Workers individually fail in bargaining with
employer for protecting their interest.
• Trade union served as a means for workers to
protect them in work.

15. REBELLION THEORY
• Profounder-Frank Tannebaum.
• It is a spontaneous outcome in the growth of
Mechanization.
• The use of machines lead to exploitation of
workers.
• Machines is the cause of labour movement.
• Rebellion approach against mechanization
automation of industrial society to protect
workers interest in enterprise.

16. THE GANDHIAN APPROACH
• Based on” class collaboration rather than class
conflict and struggle.”
• It is not only related to material aspects but
also moral and intellectual aspects.

17. TRADE UNION MOVEMENTS IN
INDIA

18. PRE-1918 PHASE
• Industrial activities where started in 1850.
• History of trade union movements was stared in 1875.
• First labour agitation-Mr. S.S Bengalee.
• As a result the first Factory Commission was appointed in
Bombay (1875) and first Factories Act was passes(1881).
• Mr.N.M. Lokhande - founder of organised labour
movements in india.
• Founded the first trade union in the country- Bombay Mill
Hands Association(1890).
• Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants in India(1897),
the Printers Union of Calcutta (1905),the Madras and
Calcutta postal union(1907),the Kamgar Hitwardhak
Sabha(1910).

19. Features of labour movements during
pre-1918…
• The movement was mostly lead by the social
reformers and philanthropists an not by the
workers.
• There was in fact no trade unions existence in the
true sense.
• The labour movements was for the workers
rather than by the workers.
• The movement was confined to the revolt against
the condition of child labour and women workers
working in various industries under appalling
conditions.

20. 1918-1924 PHASE
• Era of formation of modern trade unionism.
• The trade union movements got momentum just
after world war 1.
• Led the formation of trade unions in the truly
modern sense.
• Ahamedabad Textile Labour Association(1917)-
Shrimathi Ansuyaben Sarabai
• Madras labour Union(1918)-B.P. Wadia
• Indian Seamen’s Union,Calcutta Clerk Union and
AlL India Postal and RMS Association.

21. FACTORS INFLUENCING
 Spiralling price of essential commodities during
the post World war 1.
 The political scenario characterised by Home Rule
Movement and the martial law.
 The Russian Revolution also swayed the Labour
Movement in India showing a new social order to
the common man in the country.
 The setting up of International Labour
Organisation (ILO)-1919

22. 1925-1934 PHASE
(Period of Left Wing Trade Unionism)
• With the increasing hardships of workers, the sign
of militant tendencies and revolutionary approach
in trade unionism got expression into violent
strikes since 1934.
• The communists gained influence during this
period and they split trade union congress twice.
NTUF-Mr N.M Joshi and Mr V.V Giri
AITUC-Mr S.V Deshpande and B.T. Randive.
• Formed two acts-Trade Union Act 1926 and Trade
Dispute Act 1929.

23. 1935-1938 PHASE
• In 1937 Indian National Congress was formed.
• 1935-All India Red Trade Union Congress
merged with AITUC
• 1938-NTUC also affiliated with AITUC and in
the same year Bombay Industrial Dispute Act
was enacted.

24. 1939-1946 PHASE
• Unemployment was the great problem during the
post World war II.
• This result in big increase in the membership of
registered trade unions.
• In 1941 AITUC again split when Dr Aftab Ali, the
president of seamen's association, Calcutta
disaffiliated his union from the congress and formed
a new organisation known as Indian federation of
labour
• 1946-two important enactments(Industrial
Employment Act and Industrial Relation Act)

25. 1947 AND SINCE
• Political parties has been a distinguishing feature in the
Trade Union history of India during the post
independence.
• 1947-Indian National Trade Union Congress INTUC
formed by Nationalist and controlled by Congress party.
• AITUC- controlled by communists.
• The congress socialist who stayed in AITUC at the time of
formation of INTUC formed the Hindh Mazdoor Sabha
(HMS) IN 1948 by Praja Socialist Party.
• HMS splitted and formed Bharathiya Mazdoor
Sabha(BMS) affiliated by BJP.

27. RECENT TRENDS

31. •
PRESENTED BY,
ATHULYA RAVI
NO-01
MTTM
MAR IVANIOS COLLEGE