2. Introduction
A trade union in common parlance means an
association of workers in a particular craft or industry.
In a legal sense it means an association formed
primarily for the purpose of regulating the relations
between workmen and employers or between workmen
and workmen or between employers and employers. Its
main function is to enable the workers to act together,
the individual by himself being in a weak bargaining
position to negotiate with employers that is to make
possible collective bargaining, the strike being their
weapon of last resort to be used only after negotiations
have broken down.
3. HISTORY OF TRADE UNION
The first trade union was started in 1877 in Nagpur
It was this labour protest on an organized scale, through the support
of some philanthropic personalities, that organized labour unions
came to be formed
The setting up of large-scale industrial units, created conditions of
widespread use of machinery, new lines of production, and brought
about changes in working and living environment of workers, and
concentration of industries in large towns
The first Factory’s Act was passed in 1881 by N.M. Lokhode
In 1919 Madras Labour Union was the first Union in India to be
formed and established by B. P. Vadia
Bombay Trade Union formed in 1975 under the leadership of
Sorabjee Shapurjee Bengatee
4. History
The history of the trade union movement can be traced back to
1890 when Bombay Millhands association was formed. That
association acted merely as a clearing house for the grievances of
Bombay Millhand workers & it cannot be treated as trade union in
the strict sense in which this expression is used now-a-days.
The setting up of large scale industrial units involving
widespread use of machinery, changes in working and living
environment of workers, concentration of industries in large towns
and the exploitative tendencies of the employers brought the
workers together to maintain their bargaining power against the
employers. The consequence was trade unions which have now
come to symbolize-
1. Workers right to organize and
2. Their right to press their demands collectively and to go on
strike if their demands are not accepted.
5. TRADE UNION MOVEMENT
GROWTH
Social Welfare Period (1875-1918)
• The development of industries led to large-scale production on the one hand and social evils
like employment and exploitation of women and child labour and the deplorable workable
conditions, the government’s attitude of complete indifference in respect of protection of
labour from such evils, on the other.
Early Trade Union Period(1918-1924)
• The year 1918 was an important one for the Indian trade union movement.
• The industrial unrest that grew up as a result of grave economic difficulties created by war.
The rising cost of living prompted the workers to demand reasonable wages for which
purpose they united to take resort to collective action.
Left-Wing Unionism Period (1924-1934)
• In 1924, a violent and long-drawn-out strike by unions led to the arrest, prosecution,
conviction and imprisonment of many communist leaders. The rapid growth of the trade
unionism was facilitated by several factors
6. TRADE UNION MOVEMENT
GROWTH
Trade Union’s Unity Period (1935-1938)
• In mid-thirties the state of divided labour movement was natural thought undesirable
and soon after the first split, attempts at trade union unity began to be made through
the efforts of the Roy Group on the basis of ‘a platform of unity’.
Second World War Period (1939-1945)
• The Second World War, which broke out in September 1939, created new strains in the
united trade union movement.
• Hence, again a rift took place in 1941 and the Radicals left the AITUC with nearly 200 unions
with a membership of 3, 00,000 and formed a new central federation known as the Indian
Federation of Labour
The Post-Independence Period (From 1947 to-date)
• As pointed out earlier, when attempts to restructure the AITUC failed, those believing in the
aims and ideals other than those of the AITUC separated from the organization and
established the Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC) in May, 1947
7. • The most widely-quoted definition of a trade
union is that by British labour historians and
theoreticians Beatrice and Sidney Webb, from
their book A History of Trade Unions ,
published in 1920. They define a trade union
as "a continuous association of wage-earners
for the purpose of maintaining and improving
the conditions of their working lives".
8. Purpose of Trade Unions
• Employment Protection and Job Creation.
• Economic Protection.
• Social Status & Identity.
• Democratic Institution
• Transformation.
• Sustainable Development.
9. Why do people join Union?
• Greater Bargaining Power
• Minimize Discrimination
• Sense of Security
• Sense of Participation
• Sense of Belongingness
• Platform for self expression
• Betterment of relationships
10. SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS OF UNIONS
• Wage & salary bargaining
• Fight for continuous improvement in
employee benefits
• Improving working conditions at work place
• Improving welfare, healthcare & recreation
facilities, and leisure at workplace
• Increasing rest periods, holidays, paid leave
and time-offs
11. SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS OF UNIONS
• Decreasing working hours, work load esp.
manual, and hazardous working conditions
• Improving career and salary rise prospects &
job security
• Protecting employees against arbitrary /
unjust actions of Management
12. Functions of Trade unions
• (i) Militant functions
(a) To achieve higher wages and better working
conditions
(b) To raise the status of workers as a part of
industry
(c) To protect labors against victimization and
injustice
13. (ii) Fraternal functions
• To take up welfare measures for improving the
morale of workers
• To generate self confidence among workers
• To encourage sincerity and discipline among workers
• To provide opportunities for promotion and growth
• To protect women workers against discrimination
14. Importance Of Trade Unions
• Trade unions help in accelerated pace of economic
development in many ways as follows:
• by inculcating discipline among the workforce
• by enabling settlement of industrial disputes in a rational
manner
• by helping social adjustments. Workers have to adjust
themselves to the new working conditions, the new rules and
policies. Workers coming from different backgrounds may
become disorganized, unsatisfied and frustrated. Unions help
them in such adjustment.
15. Contd….
Social responsibilities of trade unions include:
• promoting and maintaining national
integration by reducing the number of
industrial disputes
• incorporating a sense of corporate social
responsibility in workers
• achieving industrial peace
16. Objectives
• Representation
• Negotiation
• Voice in decisions affecting workers
• Member services
(a) Education and training
(b) Legal assistance
(c) Financial assistance
(d) Welfare benefits
17. • All India Bank Officers Confederation- AIBOC is the premier organization
of Bank Officers in India.
• All India State Government Employees Federation- AISGF is a trade union
organization representing state employees and teachers of different
states in India.
• National Confederation of Officer's Association -NCOA represents the
managerial and supervisory staff of the Indian government owned public
Enterprises.
18. At present there are twelve Central Trade Union Organizations in India:
• All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)
• Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS)
• Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU)
• Hind Mazdoor Kisan Panchayat (HMKP)
• Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS)
• Indian Federation of Free Trade Unions (IFFTU)
• Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC)
• National Front of Indian Trade Unions (NFITU)
• National Labor Organization (NLO)
• Trade Unions Co-ordination Centre (TUCC)
• United Trade Union Congress (UTUC) and
• United Trade Union Congress - Lenin Sarani (UTUC - LS)
19. Trade Union Act 25 March 1926
• The trade Unions Act, 1926 provides for registration of trade
unions with a view to render lawful organisation of labour to
enable collective bargaining. It also confers on a registered
trade union certain protection and privileges.
• The Act extends to the whole of India and applies to all kinds
of unions of workers and associations of employers, which
aim at regularizing labor management relations. A Trade
Union is a combination whether temporary or permanent,
formed for regulating the relations not only between
workmen and employers but also between workmen and
workmen or between employers and employers.
20. • The Act provides for the registration of the trade unions
with the 'Registrars of Trade Unions' set up in different
States, like the Office of Registrar (Trade Union) set up
by the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi.
For registration of a trade union, seven or more
members of the union can submit their application in the
prescribed form to the Registrar of trade unions. The
application shall be accompanied by a copy of the 'rules
of the trade union' and a statement giving the following
particulars:- (i) Names, occupations and addresses of
the members making the application; (ii)The name of the
trade union and the address of its head office; (iii) The
titles, names, ages, addresses and occupations of the
office bearers of the trade union as per the format given
in the Trade Unions Act 1926.
• The Registrar, on being satisfied that the Union has
complied with all the requirements of this Act, shall
register the trade union. Thereafter, it shall issue a
certificate of registration in the prescribed form as a
conclusive evidence of registration of that trade Union
21. Trade Unions
• According to Trade Union act 1926"Trade Union"
means any combination, whether temporary or
permanent, formed primarily for the purpose of
regulating the relations between workmen and
employers or between workmen and workmen, or
between employers and employers, or for imposing
restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or
business
• Their primary function is to protect the interests of
workers against discrimination and unfair labor
practices.
26. Section 2: Definitions
Appropriate Government: For the trade unions whose objects are not
confined to one state, the appropriate government will be the Central
Government, for others it’ll be the State Government.
Trade dispute: It means any dispute between employers and workmen or
between workmen and workmen, or between employers and employers
which is connected with the employment, or non-employment or the
conditions of labour, of any person.
Workmen: Means all persons employed in trade or industry whether or
not in the employment of the employer with whom the trade dispute
arises.
26
27. Trade Union: It means combination whether temporary or permanent
formed primarily for the purpose of
– regulating the relations
– for imposing restrictive condition on the conduct of any trade or business,
– can be between workmen and employers or between workmen and workmen,
or between employers and employers
It can include any federation of two or more Trade Unions.
27
29. Section 3: Appointment of Registrars
The appropriate Government appoints a person to be the Registrar of
Trade Unions for each State. It may also appoint Additional and Deputy
Registrars of Trade Unions.
29
30. Section 4: Mode of registration
Any seven or more members of a Trade Union may apply for registration of
the Trade Union under this Act:
– by subscribing their names to the rules of the Trade Union
– and by complying with the provisions of this Act with respect to registration.
An application for the registration of a Trade Union shall not become
invalid merely for the reason that at any time after the date of the
application, but before the registration of the Trade Union some of the
applications (not exceeding half of the total number of the persons who
made the application) have ceased to be members of the Trade Union.
30
31. Section 5: Application for registration
Application for registration of a Trade Union shall be made to the Registrar
and shall be accompanied by:
– copy of the rules of the Trade Union
– statement of the following particulars, namely:-
• The names, occupations and addresses of the members making the application.
• The name of the Trade Union and the address of its head office.
Where a Trade Union has been in existence for more than one year before
the making of an application for its registration it needs to submit a
statement of the assets and liabilities held by it.
31
32. Section 6: Provisions to be contained in the rules of
Trade Union
A Trade Union shall not be entitled to registration under this Act, unless
the executive is constituted in accordance with the provisions of this Act,
and the rules provided for following matters:
– the name of the Trade Union
– the object for which the Trade Union has been established
– the purposes for which the general funds of the Trade Union shall be
applicable.
– The maintenance of a list of the members of the Trade Union and adequate
facilities for the inspection thereof by the members of the Trade Union;
– The admission of ordinary members who shall be persons actually engaged or
employed in an industry with which the Trade Union is connected, and also
the admission of the number of honorary or temporary members as to form
the executive of the Trade Union
32
33. • The payment of a subscription by members of the Trade
Union which shall be not less than twenty five paisa per
month per member
• The conditions under which any member shall be entitled to
any benefit assured by the rules and under which any fine or
forfeiture may be imposed on members;
• The manner in which the members of the executive and the
other members of the Trade Union shall be appointed and
removed;
• The safe custody of the funds of the Trade Union, and annual
audit, in such manner as may be prescribed, of the account
books by the act and members of the Trade Union; and
• The manner in which the Trade Union may be dissolved.
33
34. Section 7: Power to call for further particulars and to
require alteration of name
• The Registrar can call for further information for the purpose
of checking the compliance of the application with respect to
Sec 5 and Sec 6 of the Trade Union Act.
– He may refuse to register the Trade Union until such
information is supplied.
• If the name under which a Trade Union is proposed to be
registered is identical or it nearly resembles with that of any
other existing Trade Union, the Registrar shall require the
persons applying for registration to alter the name of the
Trade Union stated in the application.
34
35. Section 8: Registration
The Registrar, on being satisfied that the Union has complied
with all the requirements of this Act in regard to registration,
shall register the Trade Union.
Note:
This section is mandatory. The Registrar cannot refuse to
register a Trade Union if the application for registration
complies with the technical requirement as laid down in this
Act.
35
36. Section 9: Certificate of Registration
The Registrar registering a Trade Union under Section
8, shall issue a certificate of registration which shall
be conclusive that the Trade Union has been duly
registered under this Act.
36
37. Section 10: Cancellation of Registration
A certificate of registration of a Trade Union may be withdrawn or
cancelled by the Registrar:
– On the application of the Trade Union
– If the Registrar is satisfied that the certificate has been obtained by fraud or
mistake
– or that the Trade Union has ceased to exist or
– has willfully and after notice from the Registrar contravened any provision of
this Act or allowed any rule to continue in force which is inconsistent with any
such provision, or has rescinded any rule providing for any matter, provision
for which is required by this Section
• Provided that not less than two months previous notice in writing
specifying the ground on which it is proposed to withdraw or cancel the
certificate shall be given by the Registrar to the Trade Union before the
certificate is withdrawn or cancelled
37
38. Section 11: Appeal
Any person aggrieved by any refusal of the Registrar to register a Trade
Union or by the withdrawal or cancellation of a certificate of registration
may appeal to the prescribed courts.
The Appellate Court may dismiss the appeal, or pass an order directing the
Registrar to register the Union and to issue a certificate of registration or
setting aside the order for withdrawal or cancellation of the certificate, as
the case may be, and the registrar shall comply with such order.
38
40. 1. Section 13: Incorporation of registered Trade
Unions
Every registered Trade Union:
– shall be a body corporate by the name under which it is
registered
– shall have perpetual succession and a common seal
– power to acquire and hold both movable and immovable
property
– it can, by the said name sue and be sued.
40
41. 2. Section 16: Constitution of a separate fund for
political purposes
A registered Trade Union may constitute a separate fund, from which
payments may be made, for the promotion of the civic and political
interest of its members.
– No member shall be compelled to contribute to the fund.
– Member who does not contribute to the said fund shall not be excluded from
any benefits of the Trade Union
– Contribution to the said fund shall not be made a condition for admission to
the Trade Union.
41
42. 3. Immunity from punishment foe criminal
conspiracy (Sec.17)
• 4. Immunity from civil suits ( Sec.18)
• 5. Enforceability of agreements (Sec.19)
• 6. Right to inspect books of Trade Union
(Section 20)
• 7. Rights of minors to membership of Trade
Union (Section 21)- Any person who has attained the age of fifteen
years may be a member of registered Trade Union subject to any rules of the Trade
Union to the contrary
42
44. 1. Section 12: Change of Registered office
All communications and notice to a registered
Trade Union may be addressed to its
registered office.
–Notice of any change in the address of the
head office shall be given within fourteen
days of such change to the Registrar in
writing.
44
45. 2. Section 15: Objects on which general funds may be
spent
• The payment of salaries, allowances and expenses to office bearers of the
Trade Union.
• The payment of expenses for the administration of the Trade Union
including audit of the accounts of the general funds.
• The compensation to members for loss arising out of trade disputes;
• Allowance to members or their dependants on account of death, old age,
sickness, accidents or unemployment of such members;
• The provision of educational, social or religious benefits for members or
for the dependants of members;
• The upkeep of a periodical published mainly for the purposes of discussing
questions affecting employers or workmen;
45
46. 3. Section 16: Constitution of a separate fund for
political purposes
A registered Trade Union may constitute a separate
fund, from which payments may be made, for the
promotion of the civic and political interest of its
members.
• The payment of any expenses incurred by a
candidate
• The holding of any meeting, distribution of any
literature or documents
• The maintenance of any person who is a member of
any legislative body
46
47. 4. Section 22: Proportion of office-bearers to be
concerned with the industry
Not less than one half of the total number of the
office bearers of every registered Trade Union shall
be persons actually engaged or employed in an
industry with which the Trade Union is connected.
5. Returns Sec.28
Every registered Trade Union is required to send a
general statement, of all receipts and expenditure
audited in the prescribed manner, to the Registrar
annually on or before such date as may be prescribed
of during the year
47
48. 6. Section 21A: Disqualification of office bearers of
Trade Union
A person shall be disqualified for being chosen as, and for being a member
of the executive or any other office-bearer or registered Trade Union if-
– He has not attained the age of eighteen years;
– He has been convicted by a Court in India of any offence
involving immorality and sentenced to imprisonment,
unless a period of five years has elapsed since his release.
48
49. Section 23: Change of name
Any registered Trade Union may, with the consent of not less
than two-thirds of the total number of its members and
subject to the provisions of Section 25 change its name.
Sec.25: Notice of change of name
Sec.26: Rights and obligations to remain unaffected.
49
50. Section 24: Amalgamation of Trade Union
Any two or more registered Trade Unions may become amalgamated
together as one Trade Union provided that the votes of at least one-half of
the members of each such Trade Union is recorded, and that at least sixty
percent of the votes recorded are in favour of the proposal.
50
51. Section 25: Notice of change of name or
amalgamations
Notice in writing of every change of name and every amalgamation shall
be sent to the Registrar, signed,
– in the case of change of name, by the Secretary an by seven members of the
Trade Union changing its name
– in the case of an amalgamation by the Secretary and by seven members of
each and every Trade Union which is amalgamating.
51
52. Section 26: Effects of change in name and of
amalgamation
The change in the name of a registered Trade Union shall not effect
– any rights or obligation of the Trade Union
– or render defective any legal proceeding by or against the Trade Union,
– legal proceeding may be continued in its new name.
An amalgamation of two or more registered Trade Unions shall not
prejudice any right of any such Trade Unions or any right of a creditor or
any of them.
52
53. Section 27: Dissolution
When a registered Trade Union is dissolved, notice for the dissolution
signed by seven members and by the Secretary of the Trade Union shall,
within fourteen days of the dissolution, be sent to the Registrar.
Where the dissolution of a registered Trade Union has been registered and
the rules of the Trade Union do not provide for the distribution and funds,
the Registrar shall divide the funds amongst the member in such manner
as may be prescribed.
53
54. Central trade union recognition
• The union should have five lakh membership
• Must have members from at least four states
54
56. Section 29: Power to make regulations
The appropriate Government may make regulations for the purpose of
carrying into effect the provisions of this Act. Such regulations may
provided for all or any of the following matters:
– The manner in which Trade Union and the rules of Trade Unions shall be
registered and the fees payable on registration;
– The transfer of registration in the case of any registered Trade Union which
has changed its head office from one State to another;
– The manner in which, and the qualifications of persons by whom, accounts of
registered Trade Unions or of any class of such Unions shall be audited;
56
57. Section 30: Publication of regulations
• The Power to make regulations conferred by section 29 is subject to the
condition of the regulations being made after previous publications.
• Regulations so made shall be published in the Official Gazette and on such
publication shall have effect as if enacted in this Act.
57
58. Chapter V Sec 31-33
Penalties and Procedure
• Failure to submit returns ( Sec.31)
• Supplying false information regarding trade
union ( Sec.32)
• Cognizance of offence (Sec.33)
58
59. The Indian National Trade Union Congress
Origin:
The INTUC came into existence on 4th May, 1948, as a result of the resolution passed on 17th
November 1947, by the Central Board of the Hindustan Mazdoor Sevak Sangh, which was a
labour leader on the Gandhian Philosophy of Sarvodaya
Objectives:
To establish an order of society which is free from hindrances to an all-round development of
its individual members, which fosters the growth of human personality in all its aspects, and
which goes to the utmost limit in progressively eliminating social, political or economic
exploitation and inequality, the profit motive in the economic activity and organization of
society and the anti-social concentration of power in any form;
to place industry under national ownership and control in a suitable form;
to secure increasing association of workers in the administration of industry and their full
participation in that control;
60. All-India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)
Origin:
It was established in 1920 as result of a resolution passed by the organized workers of Bombay
and the delegates which met I a conference on 31st October, 1920.
Objectives:
to establish a socialist state in India;
to socialize and nationalize means of production, distribution and exchange;
to improve the economic and social conditions of the working class;
to watch, promote, and further the interests, rights, and privileges of the workers in all
matters relating to their employment;
to secure and maintain for the workers the freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of
association freedom of assembly, the right to strike, and the right to work and maintenance;
to co-ordinate the activities of the labour unions affiliated to the AITUC;
to abolish political or economic advantage based on caste, creed, community, race or religion;
to secure and maintain for the workers the right to strike
61. Bhartiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS)
Origin:
This union has been the outcome of decision taken by the Jana Sangh in its Convention at Bhopal
on 23rd July, 1954.
Objectives:
to establish the Bhartiya order of classless society in which there shall be secured full
employment;
to assist workers in organizing themselves in trade unions as medium of service to the
motherland irrespective of faiths and political affinities;
the right to strike;
to inculcate in the minds of the workers the spirit of service, co-operation and dutifulness and
develop in them a sense of responsibility towards the nation in general and the industry in
particular.
The BMS is a productivity-oriented non-political trade union. Its ideological basis is the triple
formula:
nationalize the labour;
labourise the industry;
industrialize the nation;
62. National Front of Indian Trade Unions (NFITU)
Origin
This union was founded in 1967, with the claim that “this trade union of India is not controlled by
any of the political party, employers or government.”
Objectives:
to organize and unite trade unions with the object of building up a National Central
Organisation of trade unions, independent of political parties, employers and the government,
to further the cause of labour and that of national solidarity security and defence of India, and
to make the working people conscious of their right as well as of obligations in all spheres of
life;
to secure to members of trade unions full facilities of recognition and effective representation
of interests of workers and to ensure for the working people fair conditions of life and service
and progressively to raise their social, economic and cultural state and conditions;
to help in every possible way member trade unions in their fight to raise real wages of the
workers;
to endeavour to secure for members of affiliated trade unions adoption of progressive
legislation for their welfare and to ensure the effective environment of the rights and interests
of members of affiliated trade unions and for the working people in general.
63. Centre of Indian Trade Union (CITU)
Origin
This union was formed in 1970 when as a result of the rift in the AITUC, some members of the
Communist party seceded. About the objectives of the CITU, its constitution says:
Objectives:
The CITU believes that the exploitation of the working class can be ended only by socializing
all means of production, distribution and exchange and establishing a socialist state, that is, it
stands for the complete emancipation of the society from all exploitation.
The CITU fights against all encroachments on the economic and social rights of the workers
and the enlargement of their rights and liberties including the right to strike, for winning,
defending and extending the freedom of the democratic trade union movement.
In the fight for the immediate interest of the working class the CITU demands: (a)
nationalization of all foreign monopoly concerns who barbarously exploit the working class;
(b) nationalization of all concerns owned by Indian monopolists and big industry who garner
huge profits at the expenses of the workers, who exploit the people by pegging prices at a
high level and who dictate the anti-labour and anti-people policies of the government.
The CITU fights against the repressive policy of the government towards the democratic and
trade union movement;
64. Centre of Indian Trade Union (CITU)
Origin
This union was formed in 1970 when as a result of the rift in the AITUC, some members of the
Communist party seceded. About the objectives of the CITU, its constitution says:
Objectives:
The CITU believes that the exploitation of the working class can be ended only by socializing
all means of production, distribution and exchange and establishing a socialist state, that is, it
stands for the complete emancipation of the society from all exploitation.
The CITU fights against all encroachments on the economic and social rights of the workers
and the enlargement of their rights and liberties including the right to strike, for winning,
defending and extending the freedom of the democratic trade union movement.
In the fight for the immediate interest of the working class the CITU demands: (a)
nationalization of all foreign monopoly concerns who barbarously exploit the working class;
(b) nationalization of all concerns owned by Indian monopolists and big industry who garner
huge profits at the expenses of the workers, who exploit the people by pegging prices at a
high level and who dictate the anti-labour and anti-people policies of the government.
The CITU fights against the repressive policy of the government towards the democratic and
trade union movement;
65. United Trade Union Congress (UTUC)
Origin:
Some trade union leaders of the socialist bent met together December 1948 to form a new
central organization of labour, called Hind Mazdoor Sabha
Objectives:
The objectives of the UTUC are:
to establish a socialist society in India;
to establish a workers’ and peasants’ state in India;
to nationalize and socialize the means of production, distribution and exchange;
to safeguard and promote the interests, rights, and privileges to the workers in all matters,
social, cultural, economic and political;
to secure and maintain workers’ freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of
association, freedom of assembly, right to strike, right to work or maintenance and the right
to social security;
to bring about unity in the trade union movement.
66. Centre of Indian Trade Union (CITU)
Origin
This union was formed in 1970 when as a result of the rift in the AITUC, some members of the
Communist party seceded. About the objectives of the CITU, its constitution says:
Objectives:
The CITU believes that the exploitation of the working class can be ended only by socializing
all means of production, distribution and exchange and establishing a socialist state, that is, it
stands for the complete emancipation of the society from all exploitation.
The CITU fights against all encroachments on the economic and social rights of the workers
and the enlargement of their rights and liberties including the right to strike, for winning,
defending and extending the freedom of the democratic trade union movement.
In the fight for the immediate interest of the working class the CITU demands: (a)
nationalization of all foreign monopoly concerns who barbarously exploit the working class;
(b) nationalization of all concerns owned by Indian monopolists and big industry who garner
huge profits at the expenses of the workers, who exploit the people by pegging prices at a
high level and who dictate the anti-labour and anti-people policies of the government.
The CITU fights against the repressive policy of the government towards the democratic and
trade union movement;
67. Political Affiliations
• As regards leadership, all the four organizations have their political
affiliations, and the leadership, therefore, lies in the hands of the
politicians, and not in those of the working class, which is yet illiterate and
backward to wield any influence.
• The AITUC is pro-communist. It is led by the Right CPI. Its attitude towards
the government is not entirely hostile, but of course highly critical of the
government.
• The UTUC is radical, non-communist and anti-INTUC. It is led by some
independent trade union leaders, the Forward Block and the
Revolutionary Socialist Party.
• On the international level, the INTUC is affiliated to the International
Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) – an organization mainly
supported by the Anglo American block; while the AITUC is affiliated to
the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), supported by the
Communist block.
CRITICISMS
68. 68
Suggestions for Healthy growth of Unions
• One Union Per Industry
• Paid Union Officials
• Development of Internal Leadership
• Recognition of Trade Unions
• Improved Financial condition
68
69. CONCLUSION
• Trade Union is an important factor of the
current society, as it safeguards the basic
interest and needs of both the employees as
well as employers, by giving better terms and
conditions of employment, secured jobs,
better wages, favorable working environment
which in turn leads to desired profitability.
