Requirements engineers play an important role in the development of software products and services. The nature of requirements engineering (RE) is multifaceted and influences the quality, success, or failure of software products. In gathering software requirements, engineers commonly work in a team, particularly when dealing with the customers or modeling the requirements, hence the team behavior may influence the RE activities. The investigation of requirements engineers’ personality and their team behavior associated with RE activities is still an open area in which research is still developing. This study aims to investigate the personality and team behavior of requirements engineers involved in RE activities using a systematic literature review approach. We included 64 primary studies that addressed the association between personality and team behavior of requirements engineers on the effectiveness of RE activities. The result shows that among personality dimensions, extraversion and conscientiousness were found to be the predominant personality traits that positively affect RE activities. Furthermore, team behavior of requirements engineers such as flexibility, collaboration, creativity, innovation, and norms were discovered as factors that influence the RE process, performance, and success. The findings of this study contribute to the body of knowledge and practice of RE by providing empirical evidence on the influence of requirements engineers’ personality and team behavior on the effectiveness of RE activities.
This document summarizes a study that examined the links between the personalities, views, and attitudes of 47 professional software engineers from 10 Swedish companies. The study used a standardized personality test to evaluate the engineers' personalities based on the big five factors (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism). Statistical analyses found multiple significant correlations between personality factors and the engineers' attitudes towards software engineering. The personalities of the engineers tested were found to be more homogeneous than a sample from the general population.
Do Personality Profiles Differ in the Pakistani Software Industry and Academi...Waqas Tariq
Effects of personality profiles and human factors in software engineering (SE) have been studied from different perspectives such as software life cycle, team performance, software quality attributes and so on. This study intends to compare personality profiles of software engineers in academia and industry. In this survey we have collected personality profiles of software engineers from academia and the local industry in Pakistan. According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) instrument, the most prominent personality type among academicians is a combination of Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging (ISTJ). However the most dominant personality type among software engineers in industry is a combination of Extroversion, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging (ESTJ). The results of study establish that software engineers working in industry are mostly extroverts as compared to those in academia who tend to be introverts. Sensing, Thinking, and Judging (STJ) however remain common in the dominant personality types of software engineers, both in industry and academia.
Survey on adverse influencing factors in the way of successful requirement en...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document summarizes a research study on the cultural factors that affect communication during the requirements engineering process in software development projects. The study used surveys and interviews of software professionals to investigate how factors like attitudes, language, roles, social organization, and time influence communication. The results showed that attitudes and language have the most significant impact on communication, while time, roles, and social organization have less influence. Miscommunication due to cultural differences can increase rework and delays. Understanding which cultural factors most affect communication can help minimize conflicts, reduce errors and rework, and ultimately decrease delays in the software development life cycle.
The document discusses qualities of great software engineering managers. It conducted interviews with 37 engineers and managers at Microsoft to identify important manager attributes. This informed a survey of 3,646 engineers and managers to validate the attributes. The key attributes identified include being available, technical, enabling autonomy, supporting experimentation, growing talent, promoting fairness, building relationships, recognizing individuality, clearing paths to execution, building team culture, guiding the team, maintaining a positive environment, inspiring the team, facilitating communication, and driving alignment. The study provides a framework for understanding the functions of great engineering managers.
A GROUNDED THEORY OF THE REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING PROCESSijseajournal
This paper explores the requirements engineering (RE) process by conducting interviews with RE professionals and applying grounded theory to determine whether a theory of RE emerges. Analysis of the interviews revealed prominent data patterns that were used to model the RE process. The model depicts the RE process as one of establishing a match through discovery and streamlining, and which utilizes corrective measures in order to manage threats to establishing a match. The process involves many entities but is mainly conducted by RE professionals whose experience plays a major role in extracting complete requirements and detecting occasions of mismatch between customer needs and the software requirements, which represent their main concern during the process.
Distributed Software Development Process, Initiatives and Key Factors: A Syst...zillesubhan
Geographically Distributed Software Development (GSD) process differs from Collocated Software Development (CSD) process in various technical aspects. It is empirically proven that renowned process improvement initiatives applicable to CSD are not very effective for GSD. The objective of this research is to review the existing literature (both academia and industrial) to identify initiatives and key factors which play key role in the improvement and maturity of a GSD process, to achieve this goal we planned a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following a standard protocol. Three highly respected sources are selected to search for the relevant literature which resulted in a large number of TOIs (Title of Interest). An inter-author custom protocol is outlined and followed to shortlist most relevant articles for review. The data is extracted from this set of finally selected articles. We have performed both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted data to obtain the results. The concluded results identify several initiatives and key factors involved in GSD and answer each research question posed by the SLR.
AGILE OR PLAN-DRIVEN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY SELECTION USING PERSON...Kaela Johnson
This document discusses a research paper that investigated how the personality traits of software developers, as measured by the Big Five personality dimensions, can predict their suitability for either plan-driven or agile software development methodologies. The researchers analyzed how traits like extraversion and agreeableness relate to a developer's interest in either methodology. Understanding personality traits could help match developers to the methodology and development team best suited to their skills and working style, potentially improving software project success rates.
This document summarizes a study that examined the links between the personalities, views, and attitudes of 47 professional software engineers from 10 Swedish companies. The study used a standardized personality test to evaluate the engineers' personalities based on the big five factors (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism). Statistical analyses found multiple significant correlations between personality factors and the engineers' attitudes towards software engineering. The personalities of the engineers tested were found to be more homogeneous than a sample from the general population.
Do Personality Profiles Differ in the Pakistani Software Industry and Academi...Waqas Tariq
Effects of personality profiles and human factors in software engineering (SE) have been studied from different perspectives such as software life cycle, team performance, software quality attributes and so on. This study intends to compare personality profiles of software engineers in academia and industry. In this survey we have collected personality profiles of software engineers from academia and the local industry in Pakistan. According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) instrument, the most prominent personality type among academicians is a combination of Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging (ISTJ). However the most dominant personality type among software engineers in industry is a combination of Extroversion, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging (ESTJ). The results of study establish that software engineers working in industry are mostly extroverts as compared to those in academia who tend to be introverts. Sensing, Thinking, and Judging (STJ) however remain common in the dominant personality types of software engineers, both in industry and academia.
Survey on adverse influencing factors in the way of successful requirement en...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This document summarizes a research study on the cultural factors that affect communication during the requirements engineering process in software development projects. The study used surveys and interviews of software professionals to investigate how factors like attitudes, language, roles, social organization, and time influence communication. The results showed that attitudes and language have the most significant impact on communication, while time, roles, and social organization have less influence. Miscommunication due to cultural differences can increase rework and delays. Understanding which cultural factors most affect communication can help minimize conflicts, reduce errors and rework, and ultimately decrease delays in the software development life cycle.
The document discusses qualities of great software engineering managers. It conducted interviews with 37 engineers and managers at Microsoft to identify important manager attributes. This informed a survey of 3,646 engineers and managers to validate the attributes. The key attributes identified include being available, technical, enabling autonomy, supporting experimentation, growing talent, promoting fairness, building relationships, recognizing individuality, clearing paths to execution, building team culture, guiding the team, maintaining a positive environment, inspiring the team, facilitating communication, and driving alignment. The study provides a framework for understanding the functions of great engineering managers.
A GROUNDED THEORY OF THE REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING PROCESSijseajournal
This paper explores the requirements engineering (RE) process by conducting interviews with RE professionals and applying grounded theory to determine whether a theory of RE emerges. Analysis of the interviews revealed prominent data patterns that were used to model the RE process. The model depicts the RE process as one of establishing a match through discovery and streamlining, and which utilizes corrective measures in order to manage threats to establishing a match. The process involves many entities but is mainly conducted by RE professionals whose experience plays a major role in extracting complete requirements and detecting occasions of mismatch between customer needs and the software requirements, which represent their main concern during the process.
Distributed Software Development Process, Initiatives and Key Factors: A Syst...zillesubhan
Geographically Distributed Software Development (GSD) process differs from Collocated Software Development (CSD) process in various technical aspects. It is empirically proven that renowned process improvement initiatives applicable to CSD are not very effective for GSD. The objective of this research is to review the existing literature (both academia and industrial) to identify initiatives and key factors which play key role in the improvement and maturity of a GSD process, to achieve this goal we planned a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following a standard protocol. Three highly respected sources are selected to search for the relevant literature which resulted in a large number of TOIs (Title of Interest). An inter-author custom protocol is outlined and followed to shortlist most relevant articles for review. The data is extracted from this set of finally selected articles. We have performed both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted data to obtain the results. The concluded results identify several initiatives and key factors involved in GSD and answer each research question posed by the SLR.
AGILE OR PLAN-DRIVEN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGY SELECTION USING PERSON...Kaela Johnson
This document discusses a research paper that investigated how the personality traits of software developers, as measured by the Big Five personality dimensions, can predict their suitability for either plan-driven or agile software development methodologies. The researchers analyzed how traits like extraversion and agreeableness relate to a developer's interest in either methodology. Understanding personality traits could help match developers to the methodology and development team best suited to their skills and working style, potentially improving software project success rates.
Here are the key advantages and disadvantages of software engineering discussed in the paper:
Advantages:
- Rigorous process-based approach: Software engineering follows well-defined processes and methodologies to develop software. This makes the development process systematic and organized.
- Reusability: Components and modules developed using software engineering principles can be reused, reducing development effort and costs.
- Reliability: Proper testing and validation ensures software developed using engineering principles is more reliable.
- Maintainability: The modular nature of software and documentation of processes makes software more maintainable.
- Predictability: Following standardized processes makes project timelines and costs more predictable.
Disadvantages:
- Increased costs: The processes
Software quality model based on development team characteristicsIJECEIAES
Many factors have a significant impact on producing high-quality software products. Development team members are among the most important factors. Paying attention to the quality from this perspective will be a good innovation in the software development industry. Given that team members play a very important role in software products, this study tries to focus specifically on team characteristics in software product quality and provide a qualitative model based on this. The required data were collected through observations and interviews with project managers and development team members in several companies under study. Then, data were analyzed through hierarchical analysis. According to the results, the use of this model led to the improvement of the software development process so that the team members were satisfied with it. Also, time management was improved, and the customer expressed his satisfaction with the use of this model. Finally, data analysis showed that this model may lead to faster product delivery.
11.the impact of leadership on project performanceAlexander Decker
The document discusses a study on the impact of leadership on project performance. It analyzes leadership factors of human resource (HR) planning and their effects on project performance. Data was collected through questionnaires from employees working on a joint project in Pakistan. Statistical analysis found leadership to have a positive correlation with project performance. Specifically, results showed employee motivation was correlated with both leader motivation and leadership style. The study concludes that HR planning factors like leadership can significantly improve project performance when integrated with project goals.
This document proposes a peer-evaluation model (PETMS) to help project managers select team members for software development projects. The model enhances traditional peer evaluation by having team members evaluate each other on criteria like productivity, performance, and personality. It also incorporates evaluations from the project manager. Evaluations are stored in a central repository and can guide selection for future projects. The document describes the PETMS model and research evaluating it through a case study. Results showed peer evaluation can improve the team selection process and help project managers make better choices by considering past feedback and member ratings.
Requirement Elicitation Model (REM) in the Context of Global Software Develop...IJAAS Team
Contxext:Requirement elicitation is difficult and critical phase of requirement engineering and the case is worst in global software development (GSD). The study is about requirement elicitation in the context of GSD. Objective: Development of requirement elicitation model (REM) which can address the factors that have positive impact and the factors that have negative impact during elicitation in GSD. The propose model will give solutions and practices to the challenges during elicitation. Method: Systematic literature review (SLR) and empirical research study will be used for achieving the goals and objectives. Expected outcomes: The expected results of this study will be REM that will help vendor organizations for better elicitation during GSD.
Mustafa Degerli - 2010 - Annotated Bibliography - IS 720 Research Methods in ...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
This document provides annotations for 10 research papers related to project management and information systems. The papers cover a range of topics including the evolving role of the Chief Information Officer over 25 years, different types of Project Management Offices, integrating project knowledge, assessing maturity levels in project management across industries, examining Project Management Offices as organizational innovations, and factors that contribute to effective project management. The annotations provide brief summaries of each paper's purpose and conclusions.
IRJET- A Research Study on Critical Challenges in Agile Requirements EngineeringIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on the critical challenges of agile requirements engineering. A survey was conducted of over 80 respondents from IT companies in North America and India. The survey found that key challenges included difficulties with effort estimation, architectural structure, documentation, and end-user involvement. A literature review supported these findings and identified additional challenges such as dealing with non-functional requirements, team organization, minimal documentation, changing requirements, and cost and deadline estimation. The study concluded that while agile methods promise benefits, companies still struggle with effective implementation, particularly regarding requirements engineering.
An Investigation of Critical Failure Factors In Information Technology ProjectsIOSR Journals
Rate of failed projects in information technology system project remains high in comparison with other infrastructure or high technology projects. The objective of this paper is to determine and represent a broad range of potential failure factors during the implementation phase and cause of IS/IT Project defeat/failure. Challenges exist in order to achieve the projects goal successfully and to avoid the failure. In this research study, 12 articles were studied as significant contributions to analyze developing a list of critical failure factors of IT projects
The document describes a new methodology for eliciting software requirements for smart handheld devices. The methodology is focused on users' work processes. It involves observing users' activities, identifying stakeholders, discussing requirements with stakeholders, finding inspiration from other software, and brainstorming user needs and goals. As an example, the methodology is applied to develop an iPad-based software for improving the learning performance of playgroup students.
This document summarizes the findings of a study that interviewed 59 experienced software engineers at Microsoft to understand the attributes of great software engineers. The study identified 53 attributes that were organized into internal personal characteristics and abilities of engineers, as well as external impacts engineers have on people, products, and users. Some of the most important internal attributes included being passionate about their work, continuously improving skills, and having strong practical decision-making abilities. Externally, great engineers applied their skills to create high-quality, elegant software and formed trusting relationships with teammates. The study provided insights and definitions for each attribute based on the interviews.
Factors Influencing Professional Project Management Ethical Practices in Buil...IIJSRJournal
This document discusses factors that influence ethical practices in project management for building construction. It identifies several factors at different levels - organizational, project, and individual professional.
At the organizational level, factors include project environment/culture, stakeholder impacts, and organizational culture. At the project level, key factors are project scope/complexity, financing, risks, and stakeholders. Individual professional factors center on technical skills, qualifications, and personal values of project managers.
Upholding ethical standards is important for quality and avoiding building failures. However, many Nigerian building projects have faced issues due to non-adherence to standards. The document examines this problem by identifying specific influencing factors at different levels to help advance sustainable project management
1. The first article examines how organizational structures affect perceptions of factors contributing to construction project failure in Pakistan. It analyzes data from a questionnaire given to industry professionals and finds that organizational structure influences perceptions of planning and team-related failure factors.
2. The second article studies how organizational structures and processes relate to perceived school effectiveness, loyalty, and job satisfaction. It administers surveys to teachers and finds that schools with more participative processes and less centralized decision-making are seen as more effective, while organizational structure has a weaker influence.
3. Both articles analyze how organizational design features like structure and processes impact perceptions of or factors relating to organizational performance. The first focuses on construction projects while the second examines schools. They
Software Defect Prediction Using Local and Global AnalysisEditor IJMTER
The software defect factors are used to measure the quality of the software. The software
effort estimation is used to measure the effort required for the software development process. The defect
factor makes an impact on the software development effort. Software development and cost factors are
also decided with reference to the defect and effort factors. The software defects are predicted with
reference to the module information. Module link information are used in the effort estimation process.
Data mining techniques are used in the software analysis process. Clustering techniques are used
in the property grouping process. Rule mining methods are used to learn rules from clustered data
values. The “WHERE” clustering scheme and “WHICH” rule mining scheme are used in the defect
prediction and effort estimation process. The system uses the module information for the defect
prediction and effort estimation process.
The proposed system is designed to improve the defect prediction and effort estimation process.
The Single Objective Genetic Algorithm (SOGA) is used in the clustering process. The rule learning
operations are carried out sing the Apriori algorithm. The system improves the cluster accuracy levels.
The defect prediction and effort estimation accuracy is also improved by the system. The system is
developed using the Java language and Oracle relation database environment.
DISCOVERING PERSONALITY TYPES AND DIVERSITY BASED ON SOFTWARE TEAM ROLESSyamsul Bahrin Zaibon
The document summarizes a study that used a rule-based approach to analyze personality types, diversity, and roles on software engineering teams. The study analyzed existing data on software team members' Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality types, diversity of types in teams, and roles (team leader or programmer). Rules were generated using a rough set technique tool. For team leaders, the rules indicated extroversion and intuition were more common personality types among effective leaders, appearing more frequently in the rules. The study aims to help understand effective team composition and member selection.
The document summarizes a study on planning and scheduling a building project in India using Microsoft Project software compared to traditional methods. The study:
1) Analyzed scheduling techniques using network models like critical path method to visualize project activities and dependencies.
2) Found that using Microsoft Project to reschedule activities by reducing parallel tasks duration resulted in shorter total project duration compared to traditional methods.
3) Noted Microsoft Project allowed defining worker calendars and fixed work times to ease workload while respecting holidays, improving labor conditions.
4) Determined proper resource allocation in Microsoft Project reduced overall project costs compared to traditional scheduling approaches.
Relational Analysis of Software Developer’s Quality AssuresIOSR Journals
This document discusses relational analysis of software developer quality and measures. It begins by introducing the importance of software architecture and development models in ensuring project success. It then discusses measuring processes, products, and resources in software engineering. Internal attributes like size and complexity can be measured from products alone, while external attributes like reliability require executing the code. The research aims to measure internal attributes of the process. It outlines different types of process and product metrics used to measure properties and quality. Finally, it discusses specific defect and lines of code metrics used during implementation to estimate defects and size code.
Information System Success Framework based on Interpersonal Conflict Factors IJECEIAES
Information system success (ISS) has received considerable attention from researchers as it plays an important role in improving the efficiency and productivity of an organization. Several researchers have conducted empirical studies using numerous factors (e.g. organizational, technological, and individual factors) which affect the information system success. However, there are several factors which are related to interpersonal conflict which may affect information system success. The interpersonal conflict is a critical dimension which can greatly influence information system success in a competitive environment such as the financial sector. Therefore, this study introduces a framework to investigate the influence of interpersonal conflict factors on information system success in the Ministry of Finance, Yemen. The study employed a quantitative method which consists of the following steps: survey design, data collection and data analysis. A sample size comprising 130 employees were distributed in the Ministry of Finance, Yemen. Questionnaires were used to collect data from this sample. Data analysis (reliability, validity, correlation and factor analysis) has been carried out using SPSS. In addition, structural equation modelling (SEM) has been used for evaluation the research model. Based on the experimental results, the findings in this study revealed that the interpersonal factors (interference, disagreement and instability) significantly negatively (at 0.05 level of significance) influence user satisfaction of information system success.
Modeling and Application of a Modified Attributional Psychometric Instrument...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that examined the attributional styles of 300 IT managers and professionals using a Modified Attributional Style Questionnaire (MASQ). The MASQ assessed causal attributions for hypothetical positive and negative work-related events. It was found to have good internal reliability. Attributions for positive events were significantly correlated with demographic variables like occupational status and salary, as well as job satisfaction and motivation. This supports previous research finding an optimistic internal attribution style is associated with greater satisfaction and motivation. Factor analysis revealed the MASQ items loaded onto three factors that accounted for over 75% of the variance in responses. Correlation analysis found attributional styles like personal control and externality correlated with higher salaries, while internality
The document summarizes research into requirement specification techniques and related problems. It discusses various techniques used in industry such as natural language, use cases, and quality attribute workshops. It also analyzes common issues with requirement specification like ambiguities and inconsistencies. The researcher conducted a survey of software organizations to gather data on techniques used and problems faced. The findings identify the most popular techniques and issues such as document size and understandability.
This document summarizes a research article that examines the relationship between managerial control, resource commitment, top management support, and the performance of information systems projects. The study collected data from 262 respondents working on various IS projects in Pakistan. The results indicate that managerial control, consisting of behavioral control, outcome control, clan control, and self-control, plays a key role in project performance. Additionally, the study found that resource commitment moderates the relationship between clan control and outcome control with project performance, but not behavioral control or self-control. Top management support was also found to moderate the relationship between outcome control and clan control with project performance, but not the other dimensions of managerial control.
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
More Related Content
Similar to Towards understanding the influence of personality and team behaviors on requirements engineering activities
Here are the key advantages and disadvantages of software engineering discussed in the paper:
Advantages:
- Rigorous process-based approach: Software engineering follows well-defined processes and methodologies to develop software. This makes the development process systematic and organized.
- Reusability: Components and modules developed using software engineering principles can be reused, reducing development effort and costs.
- Reliability: Proper testing and validation ensures software developed using engineering principles is more reliable.
- Maintainability: The modular nature of software and documentation of processes makes software more maintainable.
- Predictability: Following standardized processes makes project timelines and costs more predictable.
Disadvantages:
- Increased costs: The processes
Software quality model based on development team characteristicsIJECEIAES
Many factors have a significant impact on producing high-quality software products. Development team members are among the most important factors. Paying attention to the quality from this perspective will be a good innovation in the software development industry. Given that team members play a very important role in software products, this study tries to focus specifically on team characteristics in software product quality and provide a qualitative model based on this. The required data were collected through observations and interviews with project managers and development team members in several companies under study. Then, data were analyzed through hierarchical analysis. According to the results, the use of this model led to the improvement of the software development process so that the team members were satisfied with it. Also, time management was improved, and the customer expressed his satisfaction with the use of this model. Finally, data analysis showed that this model may lead to faster product delivery.
11.the impact of leadership on project performanceAlexander Decker
The document discusses a study on the impact of leadership on project performance. It analyzes leadership factors of human resource (HR) planning and their effects on project performance. Data was collected through questionnaires from employees working on a joint project in Pakistan. Statistical analysis found leadership to have a positive correlation with project performance. Specifically, results showed employee motivation was correlated with both leader motivation and leadership style. The study concludes that HR planning factors like leadership can significantly improve project performance when integrated with project goals.
This document proposes a peer-evaluation model (PETMS) to help project managers select team members for software development projects. The model enhances traditional peer evaluation by having team members evaluate each other on criteria like productivity, performance, and personality. It also incorporates evaluations from the project manager. Evaluations are stored in a central repository and can guide selection for future projects. The document describes the PETMS model and research evaluating it through a case study. Results showed peer evaluation can improve the team selection process and help project managers make better choices by considering past feedback and member ratings.
Requirement Elicitation Model (REM) in the Context of Global Software Develop...IJAAS Team
Contxext:Requirement elicitation is difficult and critical phase of requirement engineering and the case is worst in global software development (GSD). The study is about requirement elicitation in the context of GSD. Objective: Development of requirement elicitation model (REM) which can address the factors that have positive impact and the factors that have negative impact during elicitation in GSD. The propose model will give solutions and practices to the challenges during elicitation. Method: Systematic literature review (SLR) and empirical research study will be used for achieving the goals and objectives. Expected outcomes: The expected results of this study will be REM that will help vendor organizations for better elicitation during GSD.
Mustafa Degerli - 2010 - Annotated Bibliography - IS 720 Research Methods in ...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
This document provides annotations for 10 research papers related to project management and information systems. The papers cover a range of topics including the evolving role of the Chief Information Officer over 25 years, different types of Project Management Offices, integrating project knowledge, assessing maturity levels in project management across industries, examining Project Management Offices as organizational innovations, and factors that contribute to effective project management. The annotations provide brief summaries of each paper's purpose and conclusions.
IRJET- A Research Study on Critical Challenges in Agile Requirements EngineeringIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research study on the critical challenges of agile requirements engineering. A survey was conducted of over 80 respondents from IT companies in North America and India. The survey found that key challenges included difficulties with effort estimation, architectural structure, documentation, and end-user involvement. A literature review supported these findings and identified additional challenges such as dealing with non-functional requirements, team organization, minimal documentation, changing requirements, and cost and deadline estimation. The study concluded that while agile methods promise benefits, companies still struggle with effective implementation, particularly regarding requirements engineering.
An Investigation of Critical Failure Factors In Information Technology ProjectsIOSR Journals
Rate of failed projects in information technology system project remains high in comparison with other infrastructure or high technology projects. The objective of this paper is to determine and represent a broad range of potential failure factors during the implementation phase and cause of IS/IT Project defeat/failure. Challenges exist in order to achieve the projects goal successfully and to avoid the failure. In this research study, 12 articles were studied as significant contributions to analyze developing a list of critical failure factors of IT projects
The document describes a new methodology for eliciting software requirements for smart handheld devices. The methodology is focused on users' work processes. It involves observing users' activities, identifying stakeholders, discussing requirements with stakeholders, finding inspiration from other software, and brainstorming user needs and goals. As an example, the methodology is applied to develop an iPad-based software for improving the learning performance of playgroup students.
This document summarizes the findings of a study that interviewed 59 experienced software engineers at Microsoft to understand the attributes of great software engineers. The study identified 53 attributes that were organized into internal personal characteristics and abilities of engineers, as well as external impacts engineers have on people, products, and users. Some of the most important internal attributes included being passionate about their work, continuously improving skills, and having strong practical decision-making abilities. Externally, great engineers applied their skills to create high-quality, elegant software and formed trusting relationships with teammates. The study provided insights and definitions for each attribute based on the interviews.
Factors Influencing Professional Project Management Ethical Practices in Buil...IIJSRJournal
This document discusses factors that influence ethical practices in project management for building construction. It identifies several factors at different levels - organizational, project, and individual professional.
At the organizational level, factors include project environment/culture, stakeholder impacts, and organizational culture. At the project level, key factors are project scope/complexity, financing, risks, and stakeholders. Individual professional factors center on technical skills, qualifications, and personal values of project managers.
Upholding ethical standards is important for quality and avoiding building failures. However, many Nigerian building projects have faced issues due to non-adherence to standards. The document examines this problem by identifying specific influencing factors at different levels to help advance sustainable project management
1. The first article examines how organizational structures affect perceptions of factors contributing to construction project failure in Pakistan. It analyzes data from a questionnaire given to industry professionals and finds that organizational structure influences perceptions of planning and team-related failure factors.
2. The second article studies how organizational structures and processes relate to perceived school effectiveness, loyalty, and job satisfaction. It administers surveys to teachers and finds that schools with more participative processes and less centralized decision-making are seen as more effective, while organizational structure has a weaker influence.
3. Both articles analyze how organizational design features like structure and processes impact perceptions of or factors relating to organizational performance. The first focuses on construction projects while the second examines schools. They
Software Defect Prediction Using Local and Global AnalysisEditor IJMTER
The software defect factors are used to measure the quality of the software. The software
effort estimation is used to measure the effort required for the software development process. The defect
factor makes an impact on the software development effort. Software development and cost factors are
also decided with reference to the defect and effort factors. The software defects are predicted with
reference to the module information. Module link information are used in the effort estimation process.
Data mining techniques are used in the software analysis process. Clustering techniques are used
in the property grouping process. Rule mining methods are used to learn rules from clustered data
values. The “WHERE” clustering scheme and “WHICH” rule mining scheme are used in the defect
prediction and effort estimation process. The system uses the module information for the defect
prediction and effort estimation process.
The proposed system is designed to improve the defect prediction and effort estimation process.
The Single Objective Genetic Algorithm (SOGA) is used in the clustering process. The rule learning
operations are carried out sing the Apriori algorithm. The system improves the cluster accuracy levels.
The defect prediction and effort estimation accuracy is also improved by the system. The system is
developed using the Java language and Oracle relation database environment.
DISCOVERING PERSONALITY TYPES AND DIVERSITY BASED ON SOFTWARE TEAM ROLESSyamsul Bahrin Zaibon
The document summarizes a study that used a rule-based approach to analyze personality types, diversity, and roles on software engineering teams. The study analyzed existing data on software team members' Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) personality types, diversity of types in teams, and roles (team leader or programmer). Rules were generated using a rough set technique tool. For team leaders, the rules indicated extroversion and intuition were more common personality types among effective leaders, appearing more frequently in the rules. The study aims to help understand effective team composition and member selection.
The document summarizes a study on planning and scheduling a building project in India using Microsoft Project software compared to traditional methods. The study:
1) Analyzed scheduling techniques using network models like critical path method to visualize project activities and dependencies.
2) Found that using Microsoft Project to reschedule activities by reducing parallel tasks duration resulted in shorter total project duration compared to traditional methods.
3) Noted Microsoft Project allowed defining worker calendars and fixed work times to ease workload while respecting holidays, improving labor conditions.
4) Determined proper resource allocation in Microsoft Project reduced overall project costs compared to traditional scheduling approaches.
Relational Analysis of Software Developer’s Quality AssuresIOSR Journals
This document discusses relational analysis of software developer quality and measures. It begins by introducing the importance of software architecture and development models in ensuring project success. It then discusses measuring processes, products, and resources in software engineering. Internal attributes like size and complexity can be measured from products alone, while external attributes like reliability require executing the code. The research aims to measure internal attributes of the process. It outlines different types of process and product metrics used to measure properties and quality. Finally, it discusses specific defect and lines of code metrics used during implementation to estimate defects and size code.
Information System Success Framework based on Interpersonal Conflict Factors IJECEIAES
Information system success (ISS) has received considerable attention from researchers as it plays an important role in improving the efficiency and productivity of an organization. Several researchers have conducted empirical studies using numerous factors (e.g. organizational, technological, and individual factors) which affect the information system success. However, there are several factors which are related to interpersonal conflict which may affect information system success. The interpersonal conflict is a critical dimension which can greatly influence information system success in a competitive environment such as the financial sector. Therefore, this study introduces a framework to investigate the influence of interpersonal conflict factors on information system success in the Ministry of Finance, Yemen. The study employed a quantitative method which consists of the following steps: survey design, data collection and data analysis. A sample size comprising 130 employees were distributed in the Ministry of Finance, Yemen. Questionnaires were used to collect data from this sample. Data analysis (reliability, validity, correlation and factor analysis) has been carried out using SPSS. In addition, structural equation modelling (SEM) has been used for evaluation the research model. Based on the experimental results, the findings in this study revealed that the interpersonal factors (interference, disagreement and instability) significantly negatively (at 0.05 level of significance) influence user satisfaction of information system success.
Modeling and Application of a Modified Attributional Psychometric Instrument...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that examined the attributional styles of 300 IT managers and professionals using a Modified Attributional Style Questionnaire (MASQ). The MASQ assessed causal attributions for hypothetical positive and negative work-related events. It was found to have good internal reliability. Attributions for positive events were significantly correlated with demographic variables like occupational status and salary, as well as job satisfaction and motivation. This supports previous research finding an optimistic internal attribution style is associated with greater satisfaction and motivation. Factor analysis revealed the MASQ items loaded onto three factors that accounted for over 75% of the variance in responses. Correlation analysis found attributional styles like personal control and externality correlated with higher salaries, while internality
The document summarizes research into requirement specification techniques and related problems. It discusses various techniques used in industry such as natural language, use cases, and quality attribute workshops. It also analyzes common issues with requirement specification like ambiguities and inconsistencies. The researcher conducted a survey of software organizations to gather data on techniques used and problems faced. The findings identify the most popular techniques and issues such as document size and understandability.
This document summarizes a research article that examines the relationship between managerial control, resource commitment, top management support, and the performance of information systems projects. The study collected data from 262 respondents working on various IS projects in Pakistan. The results indicate that managerial control, consisting of behavioral control, outcome control, clan control, and self-control, plays a key role in project performance. Additionally, the study found that resource commitment moderates the relationship between clan control and outcome control with project performance, but not behavioral control or self-control. Top management support was also found to moderate the relationship between outcome control and clan control with project performance, but not the other dimensions of managerial control.
Similar to Towards understanding the influence of personality and team behaviors on requirements engineering activities (20)
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Neural network optimizer of proportional-integral-differential controller par...IJECEIAES
Wide application of proportional-integral-differential (PID)-regulator in industry requires constant improvement of methods of its parameters adjustment. The paper deals with the issues of optimization of PID-regulator parameters with the use of neural network technology methods. A methodology for choosing the architecture (structure) of neural network optimizer is proposed, which consists in determining the number of layers, the number of neurons in each layer, as well as the form and type of activation function. Algorithms of neural network training based on the application of the method of minimizing the mismatch between the regulated value and the target value are developed. The method of back propagation of gradients is proposed to select the optimal training rate of neurons of the neural network. The neural network optimizer, which is a superstructure of the linear PID controller, allows increasing the regulation accuracy from 0.23 to 0.09, thus reducing the power consumption from 65% to 53%. The results of the conducted experiments allow us to conclude that the created neural superstructure may well become a prototype of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR)-type industrial controller for tuning the parameters of the PID controller.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
A review on features and methods of potential fishing zoneIJECEIAES
This review focuses on the importance of identifying potential fishing zones in seawater for sustainable fishing practices. It explores features like sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH), along with classification methods such as classifiers. The features like SST, SSH, and different classifiers used to classify the data, have been figured out in this review study. This study underscores the importance of examining potential fishing zones using advanced analytical techniques. It thoroughly explores the methodologies employed by researchers, covering both past and current approaches. The examination centers on data characteristics and the application of classification algorithms for classification of potential fishing zones. Furthermore, the prediction of potential fishing zones relies significantly on the effectiveness of classification algorithms. Previous research has assessed the performance of models like support vector machines, naïve Bayes, and artificial neural networks (ANN). In the previous result, the results of support vector machine (SVM) were 97.6% more accurate than naive Bayes's 94.2% to classify test data for fisheries classification. By considering the recent works in this area, several recommendations for future works are presented to further improve the performance of the potential fishing zone models, which is important to the fisheries community.
Electrical signal interference minimization using appropriate core material f...IJECEIAES
As demand for smaller, quicker, and more powerful devices rises, Moore's law is strictly followed. The industry has worked hard to make little devices that boost productivity. The goal is to optimize device density. Scientists are reducing connection delays to improve circuit performance. This helped them understand three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) concepts, which stack active devices and create vertical connections to diminish latency and lower interconnects. Electrical involvement is a big worry with 3D integrates circuits. Researchers have developed and tested through silicon via (TSV) and substrates to decrease electrical wave involvement. This study illustrates a novel noise coupling reduction method using several electrical involvement models. A 22% drop in electrical involvement from wave-carrying to victim TSVs introduces this new paradigm and improves system performance even at higher THz frequencies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
Enhancing battery system identification: nonlinear autoregressive modeling fo...IJECEIAES
Precisely characterizing Li-ion batteries is essential for optimizing their
performance, enhancing safety, and prolonging their lifespan across various
applications, such as electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. This
article introduces an innovative nonlinear methodology for system
identification of a Li-ion battery, employing a nonlinear autoregressive with
exogenous inputs (NARX) model. The proposed approach integrates the
benefits of nonlinear modeling with the adaptability of the NARX structure,
facilitating a more comprehensive representation of the intricate
electrochemical processes within the battery. Experimental data collected
from a Li-ion battery operating under diverse scenarios are employed to
validate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The identified
NARX model exhibits superior accuracy in predicting the battery's behavior
compared to traditional linear models. This study underscores the
importance of accounting for nonlinearities in battery modeling, providing
insights into the intricate relationships between state-of-charge, voltage, and
current under dynamic conditions.
Smart grid deployment: from a bibliometric analysis to a surveyIJECEIAES
Smart grids are one of the last decades' innovations in electrical energy.
They bring relevant advantages compared to the traditional grid and
significant interest from the research community. Assessing the field's
evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
contributes to the research trends mentioned above by focusing on two
objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
The main outputs are presented with some recommendations for future
research.
Use of analytical hierarchy process for selecting and prioritizing islanding ...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that are associated to power systems is islanding
condition, which must be rapidly and properly detected to prevent any
negative consequences on the system's protection, stability, and security.
This paper offers a thorough overview of several islanding detection
strategies, which are divided into two categories: classic approaches,
including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
Additionally, each approach is compared and assessed based on several
factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
comparison of all criteria together. Thus, it can be seen from the total weight
that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
processing-based methods are the most appropriate islanding detection
method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
aforementioned factors. Using Expert Choice software, the proposed
hierarchy model is studied and examined.
Enhancing of single-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using fuzzy logi...IJECEIAES
The power generated by photovoltaic (PV) systems is influenced by
environmental factors. This variability hampers the control and utilization of
solar cells' peak output. In this study, a single-stage grid-connected PV
system is designed to enhance power quality. Our approach employs fuzzy
logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
(MPPT) controller is adopted, which outperforms traditional methods like
incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
reactive power is directly managed to achieve a unity power factor (UPF).
The system's performance is assessed through MATLAB/Simulink
implementation, showing marked improvement over conventional methods,
particularly in steady-state and varying weather conditions. For solar
irradiances of 500 and 1,000 W/m2
, the results show that the proposed
method reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the injected current
to the grid by approximately 46% and 38% compared to conventional
methods, respectively. Furthermore, we compare the simulation results with
IEEE standards to evaluate the system's grid compatibility.
Enhancing photovoltaic system maximum power point tracking with fuzzy logic-b...IJECEIAES
Photovoltaic systems have emerged as a promising energy resource that
caters to the future needs of society, owing to their renewable, inexhaustible,
and cost-free nature. The power output of these systems relies on solar cell
radiation and temperature. In order to mitigate the dependence on
atmospheric conditions and enhance power tracking, a conventional
approach has been improved by integrating various methods. To optimize
the generation of electricity from solar systems, the maximum power point
tracking (MPPT) technique is employed. To overcome limitations such as
steady-state voltage oscillations and improve transient response, two
traditional MPPT methods, namely fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and perturb
and observe (P&O), have been modified. This research paper aims to
simulate and validate the step size of the proposed modified P&O and FLC
techniques within the MPPT algorithm using MATLAB/Simulink for
efficient power tracking in photovoltaic systems.
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Remote field-programmable gate array laboratory for signal acquisition and de...IJECEIAES
A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
Detecting and resolving feature envy through automated machine learning and m...IJECEIAES
Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
Smart monitoring technique for solar cell systems using internet of things ba...IJECEIAES
Rapidly and remotely monitoring and receiving the solar cell systems status parameters, solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity, are critical issues in enhancement their efficiency. Hence, in the present article an improved smart prototype of internet of things (IoT) technique based on embedded system through NodeMCU ESP8266 (ESP-12E) was carried out experimentally. Three different regions at Egypt; Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira cities were chosen to study their solar irradiance profile, temperature, and humidity by the proposed IoT system. The monitoring data of solar irradiance, temperature, and humidity were live visualized directly by Ubidots through hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) protocol. The measured solar power radiation in Luxor, Cairo, and El-Beheira ranged between 216-1000, 245-958, and 187-692 W/m 2 respectively during the solar day. The accuracy and rapidity of obtaining monitoring results using the proposed IoT system made it a strong candidate for application in monitoring solar cell systems. On the other hand, the obtained solar power radiation results of the three considered regions strongly candidate Luxor and Cairo as suitable places to build up a solar cells system station rather than El-Beheira.
An efficient security framework for intrusion detection and prevention in int...IJECEIAES
Over the past few years, the internet of things (IoT) has advanced to connect billions of smart devices to improve quality of life. However, anomalies or malicious intrusions pose several security loopholes, leading to performance degradation and threat to data security in IoT operations. Thereby, IoT security systems must keep an eye on and restrict unwanted events from occurring in the IoT network. Recently, various technical solutions based on machine learning (ML) models have been derived towards identifying and restricting unwanted events in IoT. However, most ML-based approaches are prone to miss-classification due to inappropriate feature selection. Additionally, most ML approaches applied to intrusion detection and prevention consider supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled data to be trained. Consequently, such complex datasets are impossible to source in a large network like IoT. To address this problem, this proposed study introduces an efficient learning mechanism to strengthen the IoT security aspects. The proposed algorithm incorporates supervised and unsupervised approaches to improve the learning models for intrusion detection and mitigation. Compared with the related works, the experimental outcome shows that the model performs well in a benchmark dataset. It accomplishes an improved detection accuracy of approximately 99.21%.
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surfaceIndrajeet sahu
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Software Testing + Agile Method...Prakhyath Rai
Software Testing: A Strategic Approach to Software Testing, Strategic Issues, Test Strategies for Conventional Software, Test Strategies for Object -Oriented Software, Validation Testing, System Testing, The Art of Debugging.
Agile Methodology: Before Agile – Waterfall, Agile Development.
Towards understanding the influence of personality and team behaviors on requirements engineering activities
1. International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)
Vol. 13, No. 3, June 2023, pp. 3244~3254
ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp3244-3254 3244
Journal homepage: http://ijece.iaescore.com
Towards understanding the influence of personality and team
behaviors on requirements engineering activities
Norsaremah Salleh1
, Badamasi Imam Ya’u2
, Azlin Nordin1
1
Department of Computer Science, Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology, International Islamic University
Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Jun 16, 2022
Revised Sep 27, 2022
Accepted Oct 1, 2022
Requirements engineers play an important role in the development of
software products and services. The nature of requirements engineering (RE)
is multifaceted and influences the quality, success, or failure of software
products. In gathering software requirements, engineers commonly work in a
team, particularly when dealing with the customers or modeling the
requirements, hence the team behavior may influence the RE activities. The
investigation of requirements engineers’ personality and their team behavior
associated with RE activities is still an open area in which research is still
developing. This study aims to investigate the personality and team behavior
of requirements engineers involved in RE activities using a systematic
literature review approach. We included 64 primary studies that addressed
the association between personality and team behavior of requirements
engineers on the effectiveness of RE activities. The result shows that among
personality dimensions, extraversion and conscientiousness were found to be
the predominant personality traits that positively affect RE activities.
Furthermore, team behavior of requirements engineers such as flexibility,
collaboration, creativity, innovation, and norms were discovered as factors
that influence the RE process, performance, and success. The findings of this
study contribute to the body of knowledge and practice of RE by providing
empirical evidence on the influence of requirements engineers’ personality
and team behavior on the effectiveness of RE activities.
Keywords:
Personality
Requirements engineers
Systematic review
Team behavior
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Norsaremah Salleh
Department of Computer Science, Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology, International
Islamic University Malaysia
53100 Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Email: norsaremah@iium.edu.my
1. INTRODUCTION
Requirements engineering (RE) encompasses various activities, which together lead to the
production of quality software products [1]. RE is defined as the branch of engineering, which focuses on the
real-world goals functionality, and constraints of systems and their relationship to the system-specific
behavior, evolution, and family of the related system [2]. In RE, a requirements engineer can be assigned to
any of the following activities: i) requirements elicitation/discovery, ii) requirements analysis and
reconciliation, iii) requirements representation/modeling, iv) requirements verification and validation, or
v) requirements management [1], [2]. This means that a requirements engineer is expected to perform several
roles in software engineering such as system analyst, business system analyst, requirements analyst,
functional architect, and software engineer [2], [3]. Thus, the scope of this research considers the
2. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Towards understanding the influence of personality and team behaviors on … (Norsaremah Salleh)
3245
requirements engineer to be information technology (IT) professionals who are described as either system
analysts, requirements analysts, or software engineers.
During requirements elicitation, requirements engineers interact with customers and stakeholders to
gather and collect raw requirements of the system under study. They use various combinations of elicitation
techniques such as interviews, prototyping, and other well-defined approaches. In eliciting requirements, the
engineers discover various types of requirements including non-functional requirements. Requirement
analysis and reconciliation involve understanding the collected requirements and negotiating any faults or
problems in the requirements with the stakeholders [2]. This is where the behavior and personality of the
engineers can potentially affect the way the requirements are gathered and whether the requirements
engineering tasks can be performed effectively or not. A software project team typically consists of a project
manager, requirements engineer or analyst, developers, and quality assurance personal [4]. The RE team’s
coordination and interaction capabilities can be influenced by their personality traits [5]. Therefore, it is
important to understand how these two variables (personality and team behavior) affect positively or
negatively the RE process.
RE is a crucial activity in software engineering [2]. Research shows that one of the fundamental
issues related to project failure originated from software requirements management due to lapses of technical
expertise and human factors [6]. In this study, we have discovered that researchers have contributed to the
area of personality traits and team behavior of different software engineering professionals such as software
testers, programmers, and designers. Despite the importance of understanding the influence of requirements
engineers’ personality traits and team behavior on RE activities, there is no available work that reports the
state of research on this topic. Hence, it is important to fill in the such gap to better inform software
professionals on the kinds of personality traits and the types of team behaviors that are likely to determine the
success in performing requirements tasks.
The research objective we are addressing in this study is to identify whether different personalities
of requirements engineers and their social behavior in the team positively affect RE activities. To achieve this
objective, we have conducted a systematic review and thoroughly searched the literature, and investigated
relevant empirical studies on personality traits and team behavior of software engineers. This study
specifically contributes to the synthesis of the empirical studies on the impact of requirements engineer’s
personality traits and team behavior on RE activities.
2. RELATED WORK
This section describes the existing secondary studies or reviews related to personality traits and team
behavior of software professionals. Soomro et al. [7] conducted a review that includes 35 primary studies that
empirically addressed the personality traits, team climate, and team performance of software engineering
projects. The authors intended to find the effect of the software team personality traits and climate on team
performance. They discovered that majority of the studies used Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) and
five-factor model (FFM) to measure the personality traits of the software professionals. They further found
that characteristics of the project team had a significant effect on software team performance and that no
single study in their review addressed personality disorders concerning the success or failure of a software
development project.
In another review study, Cruz et al. [8] performed a systematic mapping study reporting forty years
of research on personality in software engineering (SE). The findings indicated nine research topics that have
been investigated concerning how they are influenced by personality. The topics include education, pair
programming, team effectiveness, software process allocation, individual performance, behavior and
preference, project manager effectiveness, personality test application, and job retention. Leadership
performance, team process, behavior, and preferences were the topics that have been less researched. They
concluded that research collaboration with other disciplines such as psychology is necessary since research
on personality in software engineering is regarded as multidisciplinary. In relation to the personality test,
although MBTI mainly dominates the studies, they reported that personality tests based on FFM, particularly
NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI), are becoming more popular.
In software engineering (SE), research on personality is gaining more attention compared to the last
decade [8]. The need for research on personality in SE arose when researchers discovered that the major
problems of SE are not confined to the technical aspect alone but extend to various human social concerns
[9]. This discovery argues that SE, in which RE is one of the activities is equally a social endeavor [10].
Thus, there was a widespread call to investigate the idiosyncrasies of software developers for the
improvement of technical skills [11]. A more recent review on the effects of human aspects on the RE
process has been reported in [5]. The authors highlighted that many studies focused on the effects of
communication on the RE process while other human aspects such as personality, motivation, and gender are
also significant. Interestingly, human aspects were found to affect the RE process both positively and
3. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 13, No. 3, June 2023: 3244-3254
3246
negatively. Hence, more investigation is needed to identify the most influential human aspects of RE
activities [5]. The study reported herein aims to address such a research gap by focusing on the personality
and team behavior of requirements engineers. Due to the critical emphasis on team-oriented development,
there are additional demands on the social and interpersonal skills of the developers [12]. However, little is
known about how the two variables (personality and team behavior) both or concurrently influence the
performance of the development team in delivering RE tasks.
3. METHOD
In this study, we used the systematic literature review (SLR) as our research method, following
established guidelines reported in [13]. The main objectives are to search for evidence related to empirical
studies on the personality and team behavior of requirements engineers and to evaluate and synthesize
evidence from those studies. This study aims to answer the following questions:
− RQ1: Does the personality of requirements engineers impact the effectiveness of requirements
engineering activities?
− RQ2: Does the team behavior of requirements engineers influence the effectiveness of requirements
engineering activities?
Based on the formulated research questions, alternative search terms for personality, team,
requirements engineer, and requirements engineering are grouped to enable wide coverage of the relevant
studies as shown in Table 1. For instance, personality traits and types are search terms used for the
personality basic search term. The requirements engineer and requirements engineering basic terms equally
used related search terms in this study.
Table 1. Related search terms
Basic Search Terms Related Search Terms
Personality Personality Traits, Personality Types [5], [14]–[16]
Team Behavior Team Climate, Team Dynamics [17]–[20]
Requirements Engineer Requirements Engineer, Requirements Analyst, System Analyst, Architect [6]
Requirements Engineering Requirements Engineering, Requirements [6], [21], [22]
3.1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria
The criteria for including and excluding primary studies are defined as the following: i) studies that
focus on the impact or influence of personality traits and team behavior such as team climate, dynamics, or
culture on the requirements of engineering activities; ii) studies that address personality aspects within the
scope of RE. The exclusion criteria of this SLR include the following: i) papers not published in the English
language; ii) secondary studies or studies that present a review of literature; iii) short papers published with
fewer details (e.g., posters, abstracts, keynotes); iv) papers that lack empirical evidence; v) papers that are not
fully accessible; and vi) gray literature such as theses, and dissertations. Thus, with these criteria, the authors
are guided in the appropriate selection of the relevant papers in the study.
3.2. Search strategy
We used a peculiar searching strategy to retrieve virtually relevant primary studies on personality
traits and team behavior of requirements engineers. We defined eight (8) search strings (SS) on four primary
online databases: Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and Springer for the purpose to identify the most
optimum search string that retrieves a considerably large number of studies with fewer false positives. The
SS are: i) SS1: (“requirements engineer” OR “requirements analyst” OR “system analyst” OR “architect”)
AND (“personality”); ii) SS2: (“requirements engineer” OR “requirements analyst” OR “system analyst”)
AND (“personality”); iii) SS3: (“requirements engineer” OR “requirements analyst”) AND (“personality”);
iv) SS4: (“requirements engineer” OR “system analyst”) AND (“personality”); v) SS5: (“requirements
engineer” OR “requirements engineering”) AND (“personality”); vi) SS6: (“team behavior” OR “team
behavior” OR “team climate”) AND (“personality”); vii) SS7: (“team climate”) AND (“personality”) AND
(“requirements”); viii) SS8: (“team climate” OR “team dynamics”) AND (“personality traits” OR
“personality types”) AND (requirements).
The search of the primary studies retrieved studies published up until 2020. Two rows, SS1 and SS6,
are highlighted in Table 2 because they yielded the top two highest numbers of studies. To achieve the goal
of covering as many relevant studies as possible, we used the aftermaths of all search strings where
duplications of the studies were identified and removed. This reduced the total number of the search outcome
to 348 papers as presented in Table 3.
4. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Towards understanding the influence of personality and team behaviors on … (Norsaremah Salleh)
3247
Based on the screening of studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included a
total number of 64 relevant studies through the following two sources: i) online databases search, a total of
49 relevant studies were selected and ii) snowballing we applied a backward snowballing method to
complement the online database search [23]. This is achieved by referring to the list of references of the
selected primary studies and manually searching for more relevant studies that were perhaps missed in the
previous searching phase. A total of 15 studies were additionally found and selected.
The selection process of the primary studies included in this SLR is divided into two parts, as
depicted in Figure 1. For Figure 1, we adopted the PRISMA 2020 guideline for reporting systematic reviews
[24]. As a result, we have a total of 64 included studies. As listed in Table 4, majority of the studies (29 out
of 64) were retrieved from Scopus.
Table 2. Search results
String Scopus IEEE Science Direct Springer Total
SS1 50 10 7 3 70
SS2 18 9 5 16 48
SS3 5 7 1 15 28
SS4 0 0 0 0 0
SS5 0 0 0 0 0
SS6 57 3 12 13 85
SS7 20 0 8 10 38
SS8 8 1 11 0 20
Total 225 35 47 57 364
Table 3. Summary of the searched papers
Total Number of Papers Retrieved from Online Databases 364
Number of Duplicated Papers 16
Number of Papers Without Duplication 348
Number of Papers Screened Based on Title and Abstract 155
Figure 1. Study selection process
5. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 13, No. 3, June 2023: 3244-3254
3248
Table 4. Sources of the primary studies
Sources No. of Study
IEEE 5
Scopus 29
Science Direct 9
SpringerLink 6
Snowballing 15
Total 64
3.3. Quality checklist and procedures
To assess the quality of the selected primary studies in this SLR, we intended to answer the
following questions based on the design, conduct, analysis, and conclusion as listed based on the studies as
suggested in [13]. Design: i) are the aims clearly stated? ii) are the variables used in the study adequately
measured? iii) are the measures used in the study fully defined? Conduct: are the data collection methods
adequately described? Analysis: are the study participants or observational units adequately described?
Conclusion: are all study questions answered? Having posed the six aforementioned questions, we set three
scores for each question. The scores are (1) Yes=1; (2) No=0; and (3) Partially=0.5. Thus, on aggregate each
study has a total of 6 scores for quality assessment.
4. RESULTS
In total 64 studies were included in our SLR. In terms of study context, we found that about 70%
(45 out of 64) of the studies were conducted in industry settings; 19% in academic settings; and 5 studies
representing 8% were conducted in both academic and industry settings. In terms of research approaches, we
found that a vast majority of the studies (32 out 64) used survey methods such as questionnaires and
interviews; followed by experiments (12 studies) and case studies (10 studies). Based on the quality
assessment, most of the studies (78.1%) scored 3 out of 6 points, which indicates an overall good quality
score. Figure 2 shows the distribution of publications by year. The highest number of publications was found
in 2014 and 2015 respectively. The publication numbers however decreased starting from 2018.
Figure 2. Distribution of publication year
4.1. Does the personality of requirements engineers influence requirements engineering activities
(RQ1)?
This research question is intended to investigate the influence of the personality of requirements
engineers on the effectiveness of RE activities. We found that the most frequently used personality models
are the five FFM and MBTI employed by 19 and 8 studies respectively. Other personality test techniques
include the critical incident technique, emotional assessment, and Cattell’s 16 personality factors model each
used in one study as listed in Table 5.
6. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Towards understanding the influence of personality and team behaviors on … (Norsaremah Salleh)
3249
Table 5. List of personality tests/models used
Personality Test/Model References #Study
MBTI [9], [12], [21], [25]–[29] 8
FFM [9], [11], [14], [30]–[45] 19
Critical Incident Technique (CIT) [15] 1
Emotional Assessment (EA) [16] 1
Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors Model [17] 1
We found that extraversion personality dimension of requirements engineers played significant role
towards influencing RE effectiveness [9], [11], [31], [37], [45]. For instance, Kosti et al. [11] focused on
measuring the emotional intelligence and self-compassion of software engineers and found that requirements
engineers fall into a group they informally referred to “intense group”, which scored the highest in
extraversion. Their results showed that extraversion was associated with a preference to work in a team as
shown in Figure 3. In [31], a similar result was found based on the results from their cluster analysis. The
result reported in [9] complemented that requirements engineers should possess extraversion and
agreeableness as part of their personality traits. This is because those requirements engineers are responsible
to interact with customers, to obtain and analyzing requirements. Hence these personalities are suitable for
the requirements engineers’ jobs. Murukannaiah et al. [34] used two multiple regression models for
personality traits and creative potentials of workers in terms of novelty and usefulness. Their findings showed
that agreeableness was found the highest in influencing workers’ usefulness of ideas, followed by
conscientiousness. However, they found that extraversion has a substantial negative impact on the usefulness
of the worker’s knowledge. In [37], requirements engineers with a high level of extraversion showed a
significant relationship with team performance. Similarly, Martínez et al. [45] found that extraversion was
one of the factors that scored a high degree, indicating the job suitability of analysts, i.e., having a good
rapport with people and targeting to achieve their goals and objectives.
Figure 3. Mean of extraversion Vs team [10]
In software engineering, task preference influences the quality and productivity of software [25]. In
line with that, Capretz et al. [25] investigated possible patterns related to the personality of requirements
engineers to role preferences. They found that the role of system analyst was the most preferred and the
majority are extroverts. This fact is supported by the findings in [11], where extraversion was associated with
a preference to work in a team and be responsible for the entire software development project. In [9], both
FFM and MBTI were used and the result indicated that requirements engineers should possess extraversion
and agreeableness as part of their personality traits. Mazni et al. [12] who used MBTI corroborated with
existing findings that extroverted software engineers influence software quality and project success.
In the case of conscientiousness, it was revealed in [11] that a high level of conscientiousness
indicates a preference to prioritize specific tasks and involve in long software projects from beginning to end.
This personality can therefore be linked with the nature of the RE lifecycle. In [15], conscientiousness was
associated with driving project to result and working systematically competencies factors of requirements
7. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 13, No. 3, June 2023: 3244-3254
3250
engineers. This influences RE activities as conscientiousness personality describes qualities of requirements
engineers, which include organized manner, carefulness, self-discipline, and sense of responsibility [15]. In
terms of requirements engineer’s idea, Murukannaiah et al. [34] found that conscientiousness was positively
associated with the novelty and usefulness of the analyst’s ideas. In [44], it was found that a higher level of
conscientiousness was correlated to the attitudes of software engineers towards working style and adoption to
change. Such nature of personality could help in promoting RE activities.
Several studies report the influence of agreeableness personality on RE activities. For instance,
Kosti et al. [11] found that a high level of agreeableness in software engineers indicates preference of the
engineers to work in a team rather than by themselves. The findings of [36] showed that in automated crowd
RE, characteristics of requirements managers especially agreeableness positively affect RE processes.
Practically, RE activity particularly requirements validation demands the collaboration of analysts, thus a
team of analysts drives and executes the task towards quality and perfection [18]. The open personality was
associated with one of the critical competencies of requirements analysts, which is gathering information
[15]. A high level of openness also indicates the preference of requirements analysts to take responsibility for
the whole project rather than just working on some parts [31]. In the case of neuroticism, software analyst
with higher emotional stability (low neuroticism) prefers to prioritize their tasks during software project and
take responsibility for the entire development without being assigned a manager [11]. It can be observed
from the above-mentioned findings that the most prevailing personality that influences RE activities is
extraversion. Conscientiousness is the second trait that has a positive impact on RE activities. Neuroticism
was found to have less influence on the role played by requirements engineers. In fact, research has shown
that neuroticism has negative but no significant relationship with team performance [37].
4.2. Does team behavior of requirements engineers influence the requirements engineering activities
(RQ2)?
Besides personality aspects, we have also discovered several team assessment methods used to
measure team behavior and performance. Only four studies described the team assessment methods they used
to empirically analyze software teams as shown in Table 6. Team Selection Inventory (TSI) and Team
Climate Inventory (TCI) are psychometric inventories designed for assessing team climate preferences and
team climate perceptions respectively [19]. Both inventories are used to measure four factors (participative
safety, support for innovation, team vision, and task orientation) considered important for effective team
predisposition for innovation [19]. Team Social Score (TSS) is defined as the cumulative capability score of
the relationships between every team member within the team [20]. Another team assessment technique is the
global teaming model (GTM), which defines a set of guidelines together with motivational factors for
coordinating global SE teams [22]. Lastly, Team Self-assessment is an instrument that measures team
capability profile from which different performance attributes are captured, combined, and translated to the
capabilities of the team [46].
Table 6. List of team assessment methods
Team Assessment Study
Team Selection Inventory (TSI),
Team Climate Inventory (TCI)
[19]
Team Social Score (TSS) [20]
Global Teaming Model (GTM) [22]
Team Self-assessment [46]
To answer RQ2, we focused on studies that reported the impact of team behavior in software
development particularly in RE activities. Furthermore, we discovered that the team behavior of requirements
engineers influences two areas: i) RE process and ii) team performance and success. For the RE process, five
studies [6], [16], [47]–[49] reported the impact of team behavior of requirements engineers on the RE
process. For instance, Browne et al. [47] investigated a type of illusion in requirements determination called
the Abilene paradox, which was found to significantly affect requirements elicitation and determination
based on team agreement. Human social factors such as flexibility, collective knowledge, and transactive
memory are essential elements in RE collaborative teamwork [6]. This means that adaptability and utilization
of experiences among RE team members lead to well-heeled RE activities. The concept of collaboration in
RE was also supported and elaborated in [48], [49]. While the former [48] focuses on creativity in RE as an
indispensable factor for influencing the RE process, the latter [49] emphasized requirements engineer’s
collaboration improves requirements elicitation.
8. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Towards understanding the influence of personality and team behaviors on … (Norsaremah Salleh)
3251
Team behavior of requirements engineers can also affect team performance and success [50].
Certain acquired behaviors, such as analytical and problem solving, team player, and communication skills
remarkably improve team performance [50]. Table 7 lists the soft skill requirements of requirements
engineers, which indicates that communication skills play important role in RE activities. To achieve high
performance in software teams, [46] proposed a team capability analysis approach, which gauges the
proficiency of each team member while improving performance with respect to the goal of the software
organization. The capabilities include agile, lean, business excellence, operational excellence, growth, and
innovativeness.
Table 7. Soft skills requirements for requirements engineer job [50]
No. Soft Skills Percentage (%) of requirements
1 Communication 92
2 Analytical and problem-solving skills 69
3 Team player 66
4 Organizational skills 37
5 Ability to work independently 27
6 Interpersonal 26
7 Open and adaptable to changes 20
8 Innovative and creative 9
9 Fast learner 6
One of the key factors that makes software products successful is quality [51]. The motivation of
software engineers is key to the quality of the software they developed [22]. Beecham [22] argued that to
produce quality software, the needs of the software teams such as task identification and purpose, feedback,
trust, appreciation, rewards, a career path, and sustainable working hours should be satisfied. The dynamics
of software engineers are among the central attributes of team performance and project success [12]. Another
factor that leads to team performance is team collaboration. This factor was advocated in [52], where the
authors proposed a team assessment approach, implemented it in several cases, and obtained positive and
promising results on how team collaboration improves the team performance of software engineers. In
summary, we found that many requirements for engineers’ behavior such as collaboration, good emotion,
communication skills, innovation, flexibility, and creativity among others have a positive impact on RE
activities. Albeit, we have discovered other behaviors such as team climate [19], [37], [40], team dynamics
[53], [54], team structure [38], [54], team learning [55], [56], and team composition [26], [57] where these
aspects of behavior were focused on the role of software developers.
5. DISCUSSION
Contrary to the findings in [8], we found that majority of the included studies of this SLR used FFM.
This implies that researchers in this field are becoming more familiar and receptive to the FFM personality
test. Nonetheless, 45% (29 out of 64) of the studies neither use a personality model nor team assessment
methods in their approaches. We found only one study [9] that mixed both FFM and MBTI in their approach.
Requirements engineers with extraversion personalities demonstrated good communication skills to
gather the requirements [5]. On this note, it is essential for requirements engineers to equip themselves with
good communication skills if they naturally lack extraversion personality. Requirements analysts with high
conscientiousness levels are capable to improve RE activities as they are described with several qualities
such as systematized action, carefulness, self-discipline, and a sense of responsibility [15]. Few studies
analyzed and reported the impact of neuroticism on RE, which indicates that neuroticism has a virtually
negative impact on RE. This is because analysts with Neuroticism personalities are described with a
preference to work alone with less interaction and supervision. However, RE activities entail interaction and
communication with individuals and teams. Those with a certain level of Neuroticism are likely dissatisfied
with their job and consequently affect team performance (e.g. [11], [31]).
Team climate is one of the team behaviors that influence software teams, which covers some aspects
like vision, innovation, communication patterns, participation safety, norms, cohesion, and task style [58].
We were unable to locate any studies on team climate specifically for requirements engineers. Few studies,
however, have focused on other aspects of team behaviors including flexibility, collaboration, creativity,
innovation, and norms. It was discovered that each of the aforementioned behaviors had a positive impact on
RE activities. For example, collaboration across RE teams has a positive impact on RE activities.
Collaboration among team members improves RE performance, particularly requirements elicitation, since
they become more flexible to challenging circumstances and could also gain more knowledge.
9. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 13, No. 3, June 2023: 3244-3254
3252
6. CONCLUSION
The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationships between personality and team
behavior of requirements engineers against RE effectiveness. Out of the 64 primary studies included in this
review, we found that several studies tried to answer the question by employing different personality test
models among which FFM and MBTI were the most prevalent. Several personality dimensions such as
extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness were found in association with RE
effectiveness. The result reveals that extraversion and conscientiousness personality dimensions were the
most noticeable personality traits that positively affect RE activities.
In terms of the relationship between team behavior of requirements engineers and the effectiveness
of RE activities, we discovered that the existing studies used several teams’ assessment methods such as team
climate inventory, and team social score. Furthermore, we found that the team behavior of requirements
engineers affects: i) the RE process; and ii) team performance and success. Team behavior of requirements
engineers such as flexibility, collaboration, creativity, innovation, and norms were found to positively affect
RE activities. The findings of this SLR would contribute to the body of knowledge and practice, in particular,
to better inform IT professionals in the industry on the influence of personalities and team behaviors in
RE-related activities. The impact of these variables on RE activities could improve performance and success
in RE teams. This benefit could extend to the improvement of quality and attainment of success in the whole
software engineering process.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work is funded by the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia
FRGS/1/2019/ICT01/UIAM/03/1.
REFERENCES
[1] B. Nuseibeh and S. Easterbrook, “Requirements engineering,” in Proceedings of the conference on the future of software
engineering-ICSE ’00, 2000, pp. 35–46, doi: 10.1145/336512.336523.
[2] P. A. Laplante, Requirements engineering for software and systems. Auerbach Publications, 2013.
[3] C. Wang, P. Cui, M. Daneva, and M. Kassab, “Understanding what industry wants from requirements engineers,” in Proceedings
of the 12th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, Oct. 2018, pp. 1–10, doi:
10.1145/3239235.3268916.
[4] H. F. Hofmann and F. Lehner, “Requirements engineering as a success factor in software projects,” IEEE Software, vol. 18, no. 4,
pp. 58–66, Jul. 2001, doi: 10.1109/MS.2001.936219.
[5] D. Hidellaarachchi, J. Grundy, R. Hoda, and K. Madampe, “The effects of human aspects on the requirements engineering
process: a systematic literature review,” IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 2105–2127, Jun. 2022,
doi: 10.1109/TSE.2021.3051898.
[6] R. Paavola and P. Hallikainen, “Antecedents for successful collaboration in requirements engineering,” VINE Journal of
Information and Knowledge Management Systems, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 353–370, Aug. 2016, doi: 10.1108/VJIKMS-03-2016-0013.
[7] A. B. Soomro, N. Salleh, E. Mendes, J. Grundy, G. Burch, and A. Nordin, “The effect of software engineers’ personality traits on
team climate and performance: A systematic literature review,” Information and Software Technology, vol. 73, pp. 52–65, May
2016, doi: 10.1016/j.infsof.2016.01.006.
[8] S. Cruz, F. Q. B. da Silva, and L. F. Capretz, “Forty years of research on personality in software engineering: A mapping study,”
Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 46, pp. 94–113, May 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.008.
[9] M. Rehman, A. K. Mahmood, R. Salleh, and A. Amin, “Mapping job requirements of software engineers to big five personality
traits,” in 2012 International Conference on Computer and Information Science (ICCIS), Jun. 2012, pp. 1115–1122, doi:
10.1109/ICCISci.2012.6297193.
[10] Y. Dittrich, C. Floyd, and R. Klischewski, Eds., Social thinking-software practice. The MIT Press, 2002.
[11] M. V. Kosti, R. Feldt, and L. Angelis, “Personality, emotional intelligence and work preferences in software engineering: An
empirical study,” Information and Software Technology, vol. 56, no. 8, pp. 973–990, Aug. 2014, doi:
10.1016/j.infsof.2014.03.004.
[12] O. Mazni, S.-L. Syed-Abdullah, and M. H. Naimah, “Analyzing personality types to predict team performance,” in 2010
International Conference on Science and Social Research (CSSR 2010), Dec. 2010, pp. 624–628, doi:
10.1109/CSSR.2010.5773856.
[13] B. Kitchenham and S. Charters, “Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in software engineering,” Version 2.3,
EBSE Technical Report, EBSE-2007-01, 2007.
[14] T. Dingsøyr and Y. Lindsjørn, “Team performance in agile development teams: findings from 18 focus groups,” in International
Conference on Agile Software Development, 2013, pp. 46–60.
[15] R. Klendauer, M. Berkovich, R. Gelvin, J. M. Leimeister, and H. Krcmar, “Towards a competency model for requirements
analysts,” Information Systems Journal, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 475–503, Nov. 2012, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2575.2011.00395.x.
[16] R. Colomo-Palacios, A. Hernández-López, Á. García-Crespo, and P. Soto-Acosta, “A study of emotions in requirements
engineering,” in Organizational, Business, and Technological Aspects of the Knowledge Society, 2010, pp. 1–7.
[17] M. Ruiz and G. Fuentes, “Applying extreme engineering and personality factors to improve software development under a
heavyweight methodology,” in Product-Focused Software Process Improvement, 2017, pp. 470–481.
[18] N. Condori-Fernandez, S. España, K. Sikkel, M. Daneva, and A. González, “Analyzing the effect of the collaborative
interactions on performance of requirements validation,” in Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality,
2014, pp. 216–231.
10. Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Towards understanding the influence of personality and team behaviors on … (Norsaremah Salleh)
3253
[19] S. T. Acuña, M. Gómez, and N. Juristo, “Towards understanding the relationship between team climate and software quality-a
quasi-experimental study,” Empirical Software Engineering, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 401–434, Aug. 2008, doi: 10.1007/s10664-008-
9074-8.
[20] R. Latorre and J. Suárez, “Measuring social networks when forming information system project teams,” Journal of Systems and
Software, vol. 134, pp. 304–323, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.019.
[21] M. Yilmaz and R. V. O’Connor, “Understanding personality differences in software organisations using Keirsey temperament
sorter,” IET Software, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 129–134, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.1049/iet-sen.2014.0071.
[22] S. Beecham, “Motivating software engineers working in virtual teams across the globe,” in Software Project Management in a
Changing World, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014, pp. 247–273.
[23] C. Wohlin, “Guidelines for snowballing in systematic literature studies and a replication in software engineering,” in Proceedings
of the 18th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering-EASE ’14, 2014, pp. 1–10, doi:
10.1145/2601248.2601268.
[24] M. J. Page et al., “The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews,” Systematic reviews,
vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2021.
[25] L. F. Capretz, D. Varona, and A. Raza, “Influence of personality types in software tasks choices,” Computers in Human Behavior,
vol. 52, pp. 373–378, Nov. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.050.
[26] A. R. Gilal, J. Jaafar, M. Omar, S. Basri, and A. Waqas, “A rule-based model for software development team composition: Team
leader role with personality types and gender classification,” Information and Software Technology, vol. 74, pp. 105–113, Jun.
2016, doi: 10.1016/j.infsof.2016.02.007.
[27] M. André, M. G. Baldoquín, and S. T. Acuña, “Formal model for assigning human resources to teams in software projects,”
Information and Software Technology, vol. 53, no. 3, pp. 259–275, Mar. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.infsof.2010.11.011.
[28] A. R. Gila, J. Jaafa, M. Omar, and M. Z. Tunio, “Impact of personality and gender diversity on software development teams’
performance,” in 2014 International Conference on Computer, Communications, and Control Technology (I4CT), Sep. 2014,
pp. 261–265, doi: 10.1109/I4CT.2014.6914186.
[29] D. Varona, L. F. Capretz, and Y. Pinero, “Personality types of Cuban software developers,” Global Journal of Engineering
Education, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 77–81, 2011.
[30] T. Lesiuk, P. Polak, J. Stutz, and M. Hummer, “The effect of music listening, personality, and prior knowledge on mood and work
performance of systems analysts,” International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals, vol. 2,
no. 3, pp. 61–78, Jul. 2011, doi: 10.4018/jhcitp.2011070105.
[31] R. Feldt, L. Angelis, R. Torkar, and M. Samuelsson, “Links between the personalities, views and attitudes of software engineers,”
Information and Software Technology, vol. 52, no. 6, pp. 611–624, Jun. 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.infsof.2010.01.001.
[32] J. E. Hannay, E. Arisholm, H. Engvik, and D. I. K. Sjoberg, “Effects of personality on pair programming,” IEEE Transactions on
Software Engineering, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 61–80, Jan. 2010, doi: 10.1109/TSE.2009.41.
[33] E. Papatheocharous, M. Belk, J. Nyfjord, P. Germanakos, and G. Samaras, “Personalised continuous software engineering,” in
Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Rapid Continuous Software Engineering-RCoSE 2014, 2014, pp. 57–62, doi:
10.1145/2593812.2593815.
[34] P. K. Murukannaiah, N. Ajmeri, and M. P. Singh, “Acquiring creative requirements from the crowd: understanding the influences
of personality and creative potential in crowd RE,” in 2016 IEEE 24th International Requirements Engineering Conference (RE),
Sep. 2016, pp. 176–185, doi: 10.1109/RE.2016.68.
[35] D. Grams, T. Frank, S. Rehberger, and B. Vogel-Heuser, “Female characteristics and requirements in software engineering in
mechanical engineering,” in 2014 International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL), Dec. 2014,
pp. 272–279, doi: 10.1109/ICL.2014.7017783.
[36] P. K. Murukannaiah, N. Ajmeri, and M. P. Singh, “Toward automating crowd RE,” in 2017 IEEE 25th International
Requirements Engineering Conference (RE), 2017, pp. 512–515.
[37] A. B. Soomro, N. Salleh, and A. Nordin, “How personality traits are interrelated with team climate and team performance in
software engineering? A preliminary study,” in 2015 9th Malaysian Software Engineering Conference (MySEC), Dec. 2015,
pp. 259–265, doi: 10.1109/MySEC.2015.7475230.
[38] M. Yilmaz, R. V. O’Connor, R. Colomo-Palacios, and P. Clarke, “An examination of personality traits and how they impact on
software development teams,” Information and Software Technology, vol. 86, pp. 101–122, Jun. 2017, doi:
10.1016/j.infsof.2017.01.005.
[39] F. Anvari, D. Richards, M. Hitchens, M. A. Babar, H. M. T. Tran, and P. Busch, “An empirical investigation of the influence of
persona with personality traits on conceptual design,” Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 134, pp. 324–339, Dec. 2017, doi:
10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.020.
[40] S. T. Acuña, M. N. Gómez, J. E. Hannay, N. Juristo, and D. Pfahl, “Are team personality and climate related to satisfaction and
software quality? Aggregating results from a twice replicated experiment,” Information and Software Technology, vol. 57,
pp. 141–156, Jan. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.infsof.2014.09.002.
[41] S. A. Licorish and S. G. MacDonell, “Communication and personality profiles of global software developers,” Information and
Software Technology, vol. 64, pp. 113–131, Aug. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.infsof.2015.02.004.
[42] M. N. Gómez and S. T. Acuña, “A replicated quasi-experimental study on the influence of personality and team climate in
software development,” Empirical Software Engineering, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 343–377, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s10664-013-9265-9.
[43] Y. Wang, “Building the linkage between project managers’ personality and success of software projects,” in 2009 3rd
International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement, Oct. 2009, pp. 410–413, doi:
10.1109/ESEM.2009.5316012.
[44] R. Feldt, R. Torkar, L. Angelis, and M. Samuelsson, “Towards individualized software engineering: empirical studies should
collect psychometrics,” in Proceedings of the 2008 international workshop on Cooperative and human aspects of software
engineering, 2008, pp. 49–52.
[45] L. G. Martínez, A. Rodríguez-Díaz, G. Licea, and J. R. Castro, “Big five patterns for software engineering roles using an ANFIS
learning approach with RAMSET,” in Advances in Soft Computing, 2010, pp. 428–439.
[46] P. Kettunen, “Directing high-performing software teams: proposal of a capability-based assessment instrument approach,” in
Software Quality. Model-Based Approaches for Advanced Software and Systems Engineering, 2014, pp. 229–243.
[47] G. J. Browne, R. Appan, R. Safi, and V. Mellarkod, “Investigating illusions of agreement in group requirements determination,”
Information & Management, vol. 55, no. 8, pp. 1071–1083, Dec. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.im.2018.05.013.
[48] M. Mahaux, L. Nguyen, O. Gotel, L. Mich, A. Mavin, and K. Schmid, “Collaborative creativity in requirements engineering:
Analysis and practical advice,” in IEEE 7th International Conference on Research Challenges in Information Science (RCIS),
May 2013, pp. 1–10, doi: 10.1109/RCIS.2013.6577678.
11. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 13, No. 3, June 2023: 3244-3254
3254
[49] R. Fuentes, J. J. Gómez-Sanz, and J. Pavón, “Understanding the human context in requirements elicitation,” Requirements
engineering, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 267–283, 2010.
[50] F. Ahmed, L. F. Capretz, and P. Campbell, “Evaluating the demand for soft skills in software development,” IT Professional,
vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 44–49, Jan. 2012, doi: 10.1109/MITP.2012.7.
[51] B. I. Ya’u, A. Nordin, and N. Salleh, “Investigation of requirements reuse (RR) challenges and existing RR approaches,”
Advanced Science Letters, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 4101–4105, May 2017, doi: 10.1166/asl.2017.8232.
[52] J. Chen, G. Qiu, L. Yuan, L. Zhang, and G. Lu, “Assessing teamwork performance in software engineering education: a case in a
software engineering undergraduate course,” in 2011 18th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, Dec. 2011, pp. 17–24,
doi: 10.1109/APSEC.2011.50.
[53] T. James, M. Galster, K. Blincoe, and G. Miller, “What is the perception of female and male software professionals on
performance, team dynamics and job satisfaction? Insights from the trenches,” in 2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference
on Software Engineering: Software Engineering in Practice Track (ICSE-SEIP), May 2017, pp. 13–22, doi: 10.1109/ICSE-
SEIP.2017.31.
[54] S. Datta, V. Kaulgud, V. S. Sharma, and N. Kumar, “A social network based study of software team dynamics,” 2010, doi:
10.1145/1730874.1730883.
[55] A. E. Akgün, H. Keskin, A. Y. Cebecioglu, and D. Dogan, “Antecedents and consequences of collective empathy in software
development project teams,” Information and Management, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 247–259, Mar. 2015, doi:
10.1016/j.im.2014.11.004.
[56] A. E. Akgün, G. S. Lynn, H. Keskin, and D. Dogan, “Team learning in IT implementation projects: Antecedents and
consequences,” International Journal of Information Management, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 37–47, Feb. 2014, doi:
10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2013.09.007.
[57] F. Q. B. da Silva et al., “Team building criteria in software projects: A mix-method replicated study,” Information and Software
Technology, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 1316–1340, Jul. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.infsof.2012.11.006.
[58] N. Anderson and M. A. West, Team climate inventory: Manual and user’s guide. ASE, Windsor, 1994.
BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Norsaremah Salleh is an Associate Professor at the Department of Computer
Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), and the former Director of the IT
Division, IIUM. Her research interests include the areas of empirical software engineering
(SE), evidence-based SE, human and social aspects of SE, and computer science/SE education.
She received her Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Auckland, New Zealand.
She can be contacted at email: norsaremah@iium.edu.my.
Badamasi Imam Ya’u obtained M.Sc. in Advanced Computer Science from the
University of Manchester, UK in 2010. In 2020, he obtained Ph.D. Computer Science from
International Islamic University Malaysia. He is currently a lecturer and PG coordinator at the
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
University Bauchi. He has research interest in the reuse of requirements, MDE, SPLE, and
machine learning. He can be contacted at email: biyau@atbu.edu.ng.
Azlin Nordin obtained her Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of
Manchester in the UK in 2013. She is currently a senior lecturer at the Department of
Computer Science, Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology, International
Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). She has taught a variety of undergraduate courses,
including Introduction to Software Engineering, Requirements Engineering, Systems Analysis
and Design, Data Structures, and Object-Oriented Programming. She has also served as a
supervisor for final year projects, M.Sc., and Ph.D. theses. Her research interests are on
improving requirements quality and detecting requirements errors. She can be contacted at
email: azlinnordin@iium.edu.my.