IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Requirement Elicitation Model (REM) in the Context of Global Software Develop...IJAAS Team
Contxext:Requirement elicitation is difficult and critical phase of requirement engineering and the case is worst in global software development (GSD). The study is about requirement elicitation in the context of GSD. Objective: Development of requirement elicitation model (REM) which can address the factors that have positive impact and the factors that have negative impact during elicitation in GSD. The propose model will give solutions and practices to the challenges during elicitation. Method: Systematic literature review (SLR) and empirical research study will be used for achieving the goals and objectives. Expected outcomes: The expected results of this study will be REM that will help vendor organizations for better elicitation during GSD.
EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SOFTWARE EN...ijcseit
Graduates of computer science programs often lack skills that employers desire among software
developers. These include, for example, weaknesses in the areas of collaboration, communication, and
software testing. Further research can help to refine this list by providing insight into additional skills that
are of rising or regional importance. This paper therefore presents a study aimed at uncovering desirable
technical and soft skills for graduates of computer science in the Pacific Northwest region of the United
States. Interviews of 11 employers, including both managers and recruiters, highlighted the prominent
importance of skills related to web development, relational databases, and testing. Additionally, it
spotlighted not only widely-recognized soft skills such as those related to collaboration and
communication, but additionally on skills tied to personal attributes such as innovating, coping with
ambiguity and learning quickly. The results provide insights for what skills and personal attributes to
include in a future survey of employers aimed at quantifying the importance of skills on this list.
Distributed Software Development Process, Initiatives and Key Factors: A Syst...zillesubhan
Geographically Distributed Software Development (GSD) process differs from Collocated Software Development (CSD) process in various technical aspects. It is empirically proven that renowned process improvement initiatives applicable to CSD are not very effective for GSD. The objective of this research is to review the existing literature (both academia and industrial) to identify initiatives and key factors which play key role in the improvement and maturity of a GSD process, to achieve this goal we planned a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following a standard protocol. Three highly respected sources are selected to search for the relevant literature which resulted in a large number of TOIs (Title of Interest). An inter-author custom protocol is outlined and followed to shortlist most relevant articles for review. The data is extracted from this set of finally selected articles. We have performed both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted data to obtain the results. The concluded results identify several initiatives and key factors involved in GSD and answer each research question posed by the SLR.
A SURVEY OF EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR TECHNICAL AND SOFT SKILLS AMONG NEW GRADUATES ijcseit
Motivated by concern about the ability of graduates to succeed in the workforce, universities frequently
conduct surveys of local and regional employers, to understand those companies’ expectations. These can
uncover specific needs not being addressed. Following a similar line of inquiry, prior research at Oregon
State University interviewed employers, with the aim of identifying skills of concern. The current paper
takes this research another step further by presenting a survey-based study aimed at quantifying the
prevalence and level of employers’ desire for workers who have these identified skills. Although all skills
were rated as moderately useful or better, most soft skills scored higher than most technical skills.
Nonetheless, three technical skills (source code versioning, testing and agile methods) scored
approximately as well as the soft skills; these three technical skills, like soft skills, were cross-cutting and
applicable to more than one software development context. Further survey questions revealed that
employers preferred that, to the extent that students focus on building technical skill, these learning
experiences ideally should involve creating software that students can use as evidence of their
qualifications.
A GROUNDED THEORY OF THE REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING PROCESSijseajournal
This paper explores the requirements engineering (RE) process by conducting interviews with RE professionals and applying grounded theory to determine whether a theory of RE emerges. Analysis of the interviews revealed prominent data patterns that were used to model the RE process. The model depicts the RE process as one of establishing a match through discovery and streamlining, and which utilizes corrective measures in order to manage threats to establishing a match. The process involves many entities but is mainly conducted by RE professionals whose experience plays a major role in extracting complete requirements and detecting occasions of mismatch between customer needs and the software requirements, which represent their main concern during the process.
Requirement Elicitation Model (REM) in the Context of Global Software Develop...IJAAS Team
Contxext:Requirement elicitation is difficult and critical phase of requirement engineering and the case is worst in global software development (GSD). The study is about requirement elicitation in the context of GSD. Objective: Development of requirement elicitation model (REM) which can address the factors that have positive impact and the factors that have negative impact during elicitation in GSD. The propose model will give solutions and practices to the challenges during elicitation. Method: Systematic literature review (SLR) and empirical research study will be used for achieving the goals and objectives. Expected outcomes: The expected results of this study will be REM that will help vendor organizations for better elicitation during GSD.
EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SOFTWARE EN...ijcseit
Graduates of computer science programs often lack skills that employers desire among software
developers. These include, for example, weaknesses in the areas of collaboration, communication, and
software testing. Further research can help to refine this list by providing insight into additional skills that
are of rising or regional importance. This paper therefore presents a study aimed at uncovering desirable
technical and soft skills for graduates of computer science in the Pacific Northwest region of the United
States. Interviews of 11 employers, including both managers and recruiters, highlighted the prominent
importance of skills related to web development, relational databases, and testing. Additionally, it
spotlighted not only widely-recognized soft skills such as those related to collaboration and
communication, but additionally on skills tied to personal attributes such as innovating, coping with
ambiguity and learning quickly. The results provide insights for what skills and personal attributes to
include in a future survey of employers aimed at quantifying the importance of skills on this list.
Distributed Software Development Process, Initiatives and Key Factors: A Syst...zillesubhan
Geographically Distributed Software Development (GSD) process differs from Collocated Software Development (CSD) process in various technical aspects. It is empirically proven that renowned process improvement initiatives applicable to CSD are not very effective for GSD. The objective of this research is to review the existing literature (both academia and industrial) to identify initiatives and key factors which play key role in the improvement and maturity of a GSD process, to achieve this goal we planned a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following a standard protocol. Three highly respected sources are selected to search for the relevant literature which resulted in a large number of TOIs (Title of Interest). An inter-author custom protocol is outlined and followed to shortlist most relevant articles for review. The data is extracted from this set of finally selected articles. We have performed both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted data to obtain the results. The concluded results identify several initiatives and key factors involved in GSD and answer each research question posed by the SLR.
A SURVEY OF EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR TECHNICAL AND SOFT SKILLS AMONG NEW GRADUATES ijcseit
Motivated by concern about the ability of graduates to succeed in the workforce, universities frequently
conduct surveys of local and regional employers, to understand those companies’ expectations. These can
uncover specific needs not being addressed. Following a similar line of inquiry, prior research at Oregon
State University interviewed employers, with the aim of identifying skills of concern. The current paper
takes this research another step further by presenting a survey-based study aimed at quantifying the
prevalence and level of employers’ desire for workers who have these identified skills. Although all skills
were rated as moderately useful or better, most soft skills scored higher than most technical skills.
Nonetheless, three technical skills (source code versioning, testing and agile methods) scored
approximately as well as the soft skills; these three technical skills, like soft skills, were cross-cutting and
applicable to more than one software development context. Further survey questions revealed that
employers preferred that, to the extent that students focus on building technical skill, these learning
experiences ideally should involve creating software that students can use as evidence of their
qualifications.
A GROUNDED THEORY OF THE REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING PROCESSijseajournal
This paper explores the requirements engineering (RE) process by conducting interviews with RE professionals and applying grounded theory to determine whether a theory of RE emerges. Analysis of the interviews revealed prominent data patterns that were used to model the RE process. The model depicts the RE process as one of establishing a match through discovery and streamlining, and which utilizes corrective measures in order to manage threats to establishing a match. The process involves many entities but is mainly conducted by RE professionals whose experience plays a major role in extracting complete requirements and detecting occasions of mismatch between customer needs and the software requirements, which represent their main concern during the process.
CRESUS: A TOOL TO SUPPORT COLLABORATIVE REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION THROUGH ENHA...cscpconf
Communicating an organisation's requirements in a semantically consistent and understandable manner and then reflecting the potential impact of those requirements on the IT infrastructure presents a major challenge among stakeholders. Initial research findings indicate a desire among business executives for a tool that allows them to communicate organisational changes using natural language and a simulation of the IT infrastructure that supports those changes. Building on a detailed analysis and evaluation of these findings, the innovative CRESUS tool was designed and implemented. The purpose of this research was to investigate to what extent CRESUS both aids communication in the development of a shared understanding and supports collaborative requirements elicitation to bring about organisational, and associated IT infrastructural, change. This paper presents promising results that show how such a tool can facilitate collaborative requirements elicitation through increased communication around organisational change and the IT infrastructure.
CRESUS-T: A COLLABORATIVE REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION SUPPORT TOOLijseajournal
Communicating an organisation's requirements in a semantically consistent and understandable manner
and then reflecting the potential impact of those requirements on the IT infrastructure presents a major
challenge among stakeholders. Initial research findings indicate a desire among business executives for a
tool that allows them to communicate organisational changes using natural language and a model of the IT
infrastructure that supports those changes. Building on a detailed analysis and evaluation of these findings,
the innovative CRESUS-T support tool was designed and implemented. The purpose of this research was to
investigate to what extent CRESUS-T both aids communication in the development of a shared
understanding and supports collaborative requirements elicitation to bring about organisational, and
associated IT infrastructural, change. In order to determine the extent shared understanding was fostered,
the support tool was evaluated in a case study of a business process for the roll out of the IT software
image at a third level educational institution. Statistical analysis showed that the CRESUS-T support tool
fostered shared understanding in the case study, through increased communication. Shared understanding
is also manifested in the creation of two knowledge representation artefacts namely, a requirements model
and the IT infrastructure model. The CRESUS-T support tool will be useful to requirements engineers and
business analysts that have to gather requirements asynchronously.
An Investigation of Critical Failure Factors In Information Technology ProjectsIOSR Journals
Rate of failed projects in information technology system project remains high in comparison with other infrastructure or high technology projects. The objective of this paper is to determine and represent a broad range of potential failure factors during the implementation phase and cause of IS/IT Project defeat/failure. Challenges exist in order to achieve the projects goal successfully and to avoid the failure. In this research study, 12 articles were studied as significant contributions to analyze developing a list of critical failure factors of IT projects
http://essaysreasy.com .That's a sample paper - essay / paper on the topic "Information systems engineering" created by our writers!
Disclaimer: The paper above have been completed for actual clients. We have acclaimed personal permission from the customers to post it.
Motivation of Software Engineers: A Qualitative Case Study of a R&D Organisation
A. César C. França, Ana C. M. L. de Araújo, Fabio Q. B. da Silva
Center of Informatics, Federal University of Pernambuco
Recife, Brazil
Abstract - Understanding motivation of software engineers has important implications for industrial practice. This complex construct seems to be affected by diverse environmental conditions and can affect multiple dimensions of work effectiveness. In this article, we present a grounded theory that describes the motivation of software engineers working in a not-for-profit private research and development organisation. We carried out a holistic case study for seven months, using structured interviews, diary studies, and documental analysis for data collection, and grounded theory techniques for data analysis and synthesis. The results point to task variety and technical challenges as the main drivers of motivation, and inequity and high workload (caused by poor estimations in the software process) as the main obstacles to motivation in the organisation.
Paper presented at 6th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE 2013) ICSE 2013 Workshop, San Francisco, United States, May, 2013
http://www.chaseresearch.org/workshops/chase2013
http://www.haseresearch.com
THE PERCEPTIONS OF AGILE METHODOLOGY IN SOUTH AFRICAcsandit
Agile methodology was introduced in the mid 90’s while the agile manifesto was adopted in 2001. The rationale behind the introduction of the agile methodology was to uncover better
ways of developing software that will meet the user’s expectation in an iterative controlled manner. With technological explosion and rift competition for market share, user experience and satisfaction can only be achieved through proper communication between stakeholders and
innovative ways of doing things. Doing things differently is what the agile methodology brought.Despite the existence of this methodology for over 20 years now, South African software
industry is only starting to realize its existence with a lot of companies jumping into the bandwagon. This paper presents the results of an empirical research of how the South African
software industry perceive the methodology.
CRESUS: A TOOL TO SUPPORT COLLABORATIVE REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION THROUGH ENHA...cscpconf
Communicating an organisation's requirements in a semantically consistent and understandable manner and then reflecting the potential impact of those requirements on the IT infrastructure presents a major challenge among stakeholders. Initial research findings indicate a desire among business executives for a tool that allows them to communicate organisational changes using natural language and a simulation of the IT infrastructure that supports those changes. Building on a detailed analysis and evaluation of these findings, the innovative CRESUS tool was designed and implemented. The purpose of this research was to investigate to what extent CRESUS both aids communication in the development of a shared understanding and supports collaborative requirements elicitation to bring about organisational, and associated IT infrastructural, change. This paper presents promising results that show how such a tool can facilitate collaborative requirements elicitation through increased communication around organisational change and the IT infrastructure.
CRESUS-T: A COLLABORATIVE REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION SUPPORT TOOLijseajournal
Communicating an organisation's requirements in a semantically consistent and understandable manner
and then reflecting the potential impact of those requirements on the IT infrastructure presents a major
challenge among stakeholders. Initial research findings indicate a desire among business executives for a
tool that allows them to communicate organisational changes using natural language and a model of the IT
infrastructure that supports those changes. Building on a detailed analysis and evaluation of these findings,
the innovative CRESUS-T support tool was designed and implemented. The purpose of this research was to
investigate to what extent CRESUS-T both aids communication in the development of a shared
understanding and supports collaborative requirements elicitation to bring about organisational, and
associated IT infrastructural, change. In order to determine the extent shared understanding was fostered,
the support tool was evaluated in a case study of a business process for the roll out of the IT software
image at a third level educational institution. Statistical analysis showed that the CRESUS-T support tool
fostered shared understanding in the case study, through increased communication. Shared understanding
is also manifested in the creation of two knowledge representation artefacts namely, a requirements model
and the IT infrastructure model. The CRESUS-T support tool will be useful to requirements engineers and
business analysts that have to gather requirements asynchronously.
An Investigation of Critical Failure Factors In Information Technology ProjectsIOSR Journals
Rate of failed projects in information technology system project remains high in comparison with other infrastructure or high technology projects. The objective of this paper is to determine and represent a broad range of potential failure factors during the implementation phase and cause of IS/IT Project defeat/failure. Challenges exist in order to achieve the projects goal successfully and to avoid the failure. In this research study, 12 articles were studied as significant contributions to analyze developing a list of critical failure factors of IT projects
http://essaysreasy.com .That's a sample paper - essay / paper on the topic "Information systems engineering" created by our writers!
Disclaimer: The paper above have been completed for actual clients. We have acclaimed personal permission from the customers to post it.
Motivation of Software Engineers: A Qualitative Case Study of a R&D Organisation
A. César C. França, Ana C. M. L. de Araújo, Fabio Q. B. da Silva
Center of Informatics, Federal University of Pernambuco
Recife, Brazil
Abstract - Understanding motivation of software engineers has important implications for industrial practice. This complex construct seems to be affected by diverse environmental conditions and can affect multiple dimensions of work effectiveness. In this article, we present a grounded theory that describes the motivation of software engineers working in a not-for-profit private research and development organisation. We carried out a holistic case study for seven months, using structured interviews, diary studies, and documental analysis for data collection, and grounded theory techniques for data analysis and synthesis. The results point to task variety and technical challenges as the main drivers of motivation, and inequity and high workload (caused by poor estimations in the software process) as the main obstacles to motivation in the organisation.
Paper presented at 6th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (CHASE 2013) ICSE 2013 Workshop, San Francisco, United States, May, 2013
http://www.chaseresearch.org/workshops/chase2013
http://www.haseresearch.com
THE PERCEPTIONS OF AGILE METHODOLOGY IN SOUTH AFRICAcsandit
Agile methodology was introduced in the mid 90’s while the agile manifesto was adopted in 2001. The rationale behind the introduction of the agile methodology was to uncover better
ways of developing software that will meet the user’s expectation in an iterative controlled manner. With technological explosion and rift competition for market share, user experience and satisfaction can only be achieved through proper communication between stakeholders and
innovative ways of doing things. Doing things differently is what the agile methodology brought.Despite the existence of this methodology for over 20 years now, South African software
industry is only starting to realize its existence with a lot of companies jumping into the bandwagon. This paper presents the results of an empirical research of how the South African
software industry perceive the methodology.
Sustainable financing of yes o 091215-onaolapo sulaiman bayonleOnaolapo Bayonle
This presentation requires the attention of Oyo State Government at the 3 tiers, the private investors, the International Communities, Local Communities and the general public.
It is a finacing solution towards sustainable operation of youth empowerment as a veritable tool to drive the State economy into a private-sector led economy aiming at Wealth Creation, Employment Generation and Domestic Resource Mobilisation
Towards understanding the influence of personality and team behaviors on requ...IJECEIAES
Requirements engineers play an important role in the development of software products and services. The nature of requirements engineering (RE) is multifaceted and influences the quality, success, or failure of software products. In gathering software requirements, engineers commonly work in a team, particularly when dealing with the customers or modeling the requirements, hence the team behavior may influence the RE activities. The investigation of requirements engineers’ personality and their team behavior associated with RE activities is still an open area in which research is still developing. This study aims to investigate the personality and team behavior of requirements engineers involved in RE activities using a systematic literature review approach. We included 64 primary studies that addressed the association between personality and team behavior of requirements engineers on the effectiveness of RE activities. The result shows that among personality dimensions, extraversion and conscientiousness were found to be the predominant personality traits that positively affect RE activities. Furthermore, team behavior of requirements engineers such as flexibility, collaboration, creativity, innovation, and norms were discovered as factors that influence the RE process, performance, and success. The findings of this study contribute to the body of knowledge and practice of RE by providing empirical evidence on the influence of requirements engineers’ personality and team behavior on the effectiveness of RE activities.
Requirement engineering is a key ingredient for software development to be effective. Apart from the
traditional software requirement which is not much appropriate for new emerging software such as smart
handheld device based software. In many perspectives of requirement engineering, traditional and new
emerging software are not similar. Whereas requirement engineering of traditional software needs more
research, it is obvious that new emerging software needs methodically and in-depth research for improved
productivity, quality, risk management and validity. In particular, the result of this paper shows that how
effective requirement engineering can improve in project negotiation, project planning, managing feature
creep, testing, defect, rework and product quality. This paper also shows a new methodology which is
focused on users work process applicable for eliciting the requirement of traditional software and any new
type software of smart handheld device such as iPad. As an example, the paper shows how the methodology
will be applied as a software requirement of iPad-based software for play-group students.
Communication, culture, competency, and stakeholder that contribute to requi...IJECEIAES
In the context of software development, requirement engineering is one of the crucial phases that leads to software project success or failure. According to several disruptive changes in the software engineering landscape as well as the world’s challenge of virus pandemic, the provision of practical and innovative software applications is required. Therefore, issues resolution in requirement elicitation is potentially one of the key success factors resulting in enhanced quality of system requirement. The authors have striven to create new ways of requirement elicitation according to factor effects of communication, culture, competency, and stakeholder, by incorporating tools, processes, methods, and techniques to solve the problems comprehensively, and then proposed an adaptive and applicable conceptual framework. To illustrate these effects, the authors performed a literature review from the past 8 years, and then data analysis from interviews of 27 practitioners, observations and focus groups of software development in real-life projects.
Sentiment analysis in SemEval: a review of sentiment identification approachesIJECEIAES
Social media platforms are becoming the foundations of social interactions including messaging and opinion expression. In this regard, sentiment analysis techniques focus on providing solutions to ensure the retrieval and analysis of generated data including sentiments, emotions, and discussed topics. International competitions such as the International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval) have attracted many researchers and practitioners with a special research interest in building sentiment analysis systems. In our work, we study top-ranking systems for each SemEval edition during the 2013-2021 period, a total of 658 teams participated in these editions with increasing interest over years. We analyze the proposed systems marking the evolution of research trends with a focus on the main components of sentiment analysis systems including data acquisition, preprocessing, and classification. Our study shows an active use of preprocessing techniques, an evolution of features engineering and word representation from lexicon-based approaches to word embeddings, and the dominance of neural networks and transformers over the classification phase fostering the use of ready-to-use models. Moreover, we provide researchers with insights based on experimented systems which will allow rapid prototyping of new systems and help practitioners build for future SemEval editions.
Impact of Stress on Software Engineers Knowledge Sharing and Creativity [A Pa...ijcnes
Software development involves technology as well as human efforts. Software engineering is supportive to create a quality of product by adopting the process of sharing knowledge. A lot of research was conducted on the technical side but human side of software development disregarded. Knowledge and creativity considered major factors for improving the software quality. Currently professionals working in the field of software engineering are under impressive pressure which cause stress for the Software engineers. It is highly desirable to conduct an empirical study on impact of stress on software engineers knowledge sharing & creativity. The major motivation for this study is to investigate the impact of job stress factors which can affect the software engineering knowledge sharing capabilities and creativity. The research is based on industrial assessment. For conducting this study we developed a questionnaire based on Stress Factors. Statistical analyses are performed through SPSS tool. On the basis of the results from the survey, we proposed some strategies for those factors that have high impact on software engineers and try to mitigate their affect. These results highlight stress factors and their impact on software engineers knowledge sharing and creativity, working in Pakistani software industry.
Effects of Developers’ Training on User-Developer Interactions in Information...Jennifer McCauley
The importance of user-developer interactions during the development of an information system has been a long-running theme in information systems research. This research seeks to highlight a gap in the current literature: the contribution of the developer’s formal educational background to the relationship between developers and users. Using an interpretivist epistemology, the researchers employed qualitative interviews to examine how far developers’ perception of the importance of interacting with the user was influenced by their formal education, or the lack thereof. Interviewing both formally and informally trained developers, eleven categories of interest were identified as pertinent to determining the developers’ beliefs about the importance of user interaction. Three of these categories were explored as promising for future research: academic background, work experience, and developer’s access to user knowledge. This research has implications for education of information systems developers as well as for industry interested in hiring software developers.
HOW (UN)HAPPINESS IMPACTS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERS IN AGILE TEAMS?ijseajournal
Information technology (IT) organizations are increasing the use of agile practices, which are based on a people-centred culture alongside the software development process. Thus, it is vital to understand the social and human factors of the individuals working in agile environments, such as happiness and unhappiness and how these factors impact this kind of environment. Therefore, five case-studies were developed inside agile projects, in a company that values innovation, aiming to identify how (un)happiness impacts software engineers in agile environments. According to the answers gathered from 67 participants through a survey, interviews and using a cross-analysis, happiness factors identified by agile teams were effective communication, motivated members, collaboration among members, proactive members, and present leaders.
Graduates of computer science programs often lack skills that employers desire among software
developers. These include, for example, weaknesses in the areas of collaboration, communication, and
software testing. Further research can help to refine this list by providing insight into additional skills that
are of rising or regional importance. This paper therefore presents a study aimed at uncovering desirable
technical and soft skills for graduates of computer science in the Pacific Northwest region of the United
States. Interviews of 11 employers, including both managers and recruiters, highlighted the prominent
importance of skills related to web development, relational databases, and testing. Additionally, it
spotlighted not only widely-recognized soft skills such as those related to collaboration and
communication, but additionally on skills tied to personal attributes such as innovating, coping with
ambiguity and learning quickly. The results provide insights for what skills and personal attributes to
include in a future survey of employers aimed at quantifying the importance of skills on this list.
EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SOFTWARE EN...ijcseit
Graduates of computer science programs often lack skills that employers desire among software
developers. These include, for example, weaknesses in the areas of collaboration, communication, and
software testing. Further research can help to refine this list by providing insight into additional skills that
are of rising or regional importance. This paper therefore presents a study aimed at uncovering desirable
technical and soft skills for graduates of computer science in the Pacific Northwest region of the United
States. Interviews of 11 employers, including both managers and recruiters, highlighted the prominent
importance of skills related to web development, relational databases, and testing. Additionally, it
spotlighted not only widely-recognized soft skills such as those related to collaboration and
communication, but additionally on skills tied to personal attributes such as innovating, coping with
ambiguity and learning quickly. The results provide insights for what skills and personal attributes to
include in a future survey of employers aimed at quantifying the importance of skills on this list.
EMPLOYERS’ NEEDS FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND SOFTWARE EN...ijcseit
Graduates of computer science programs often lack skills that employers desire among software
developers. These include, for example, weaknesses in the areas of collaboration, communication, and
software testing. Further research can help to refine this list by providing insight into additional skills that
are of rising or regional importance. This paper therefore presents a study aimed at uncovering desirable
technical and soft skills for graduates of computer science in the Pacific Northwest region of the United
States. Interviews of 11 employers, including both managers and recruiters, highlighted the prominent
importance of skills related to web development, relational databases, and testing. Additionally, it
spotlighted not only widely-recognized soft skills such as those related to collaboration and
communication, but additionally on skills tied to personal attributes such as innovating, coping with
ambiguity and learning quickly. The results provide insights for what skills and personal attributes to
include in a future survey of employers aimed at quantifying the importance of skills on this list.
IT Project Management and Virtual Teams Catherine M. Beise, .docxvrickens
IT Project Management and Virtual Teams
Catherine M. Beise, PhD
Salisbury University
Salisbury, MD 21801 USA
01-410-548-4034
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
Project management methods and tools are increasingly relevant
as today’s globalized organizations accomplish more of their
goals using cross-functional, and often cross-cultural,
geographically dispersed, project teams. The increased diversity
of skills, knowledge, cultures, and perspectives of these project
teams can potentially have both positive and negative influences
on group processes and outcomes. The question that this
research-in-progress intends to address is: To what extent can and
do project management methods and tools benefit diverse virtual
teams while mitigating its challenges? In order to begin to answer
this question, this paper presents relevant background, a research
model, a methodology (currently in progress), and potential
contributions. The initial methodology involves a study of IT
project teams working on a common database design project
whose members are using electronic tools to communicate,
collaborate, and coordinate. The results of the study should
provide useful information to practitioners and researchers
regarding project management and virtual teams.
Categories and Subject Descriptors:
K-6.1 [Project and People Management]
General Terms:
Management, Performance, Design
Keywords:
Project management, virtual teams, software teams.
1. INTRODUCTION
Much of the work done in today’s increasingly geographically
distributed organizations is accomplished by work groups, often
formalized as project teams. In order to achieve the assigned tasks
and goals, a cross-section of skills, knowledge, and perspectives is
often required. Thus, team members may be selected from
multiple functional areas, from different locations, and often from
diverse demographic and cultural backgrounds. Project teams are
often managed using formal project management methodologies,
such as those derived from the Project Management Body of
Knowledge (PMBOK) [1]. Such methods have evolved due to the
need to monitor and control complex projects, and to maintain
budgets and schedules while ensuring quality, which have all
grown in importance as critical success factors in the competitive
global workplace.
Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for
personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are
not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies
bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise,
or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior
specific permission and/or a fee.
SIGMIS’04, April 22–24, 2004, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Copyright 2004 ACM 1-58113-847-4/04/0004…$5.00.
At the same time, the globalization of project teams has increased
demographic and cultural diversity, which can create ...
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
AN INVESTIGATION OF SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS PRACTICES AMONG SOFTWARE PRACTITION...ijseajournal
This paper presents the result of software requirements practices survey among software practitioners, a study in a city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. As software requirements are important and they lead to the successful of a software development project, it becomes interesting to investigate the current software requirements practices in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. As an initial work, a survey was conducted in
Jeddah as a study before we conduct it in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia software industry. The survey is conducted by distributing a set of questionnaire to the software practitioners. There are 17 respondents completed the questionnaire out of 50 distributed questionnaire, which is 34% of response rate. The result of this survey is promising and it has shown that requirements management area should be focused for
future improvement. In the future, the survey will focus on software engineering and requirements engineering practices over the entire Kingdom of Saudi Arabia software industry.
Situational analysis of the subjective well-being of university software deve...IJAEMSJORNAL
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Survey on adverse influencing factors in the way of successful requirement engineering
1. IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727, Volume 17, Issue 2, Ver. VI (Mar – Apr. 2015), PP 44-47
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17264447 www.iosrjournals.org 44 | Page
Survey on adverse influencing factors in the way of successful
requirement engineering
Aisha Younas1
, Tasleem Mustufa2
(Department of Computer Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan)
Abstract: Requirement engineering is the first phase for the development of any software. Software have been
discarded due to poor and ambiguous requirements. This study based on the results of surveys conducted to the
professionals that have industrial experience in development of software. Numerous investigations carried for
the identification of factors cause of poor requirement. These factors have deep effects on productivity and
communication among the individuals involved in software development. The qualitative and quantitate
research techniques were adopted to carried out this work. This research examined how cultural barrier (e.g.,
language, attitudes, roles, social organization, and time) affect the communication process in software
development projects. The study showed that language and attitudes as dominant factors for communication
that impact software productivity. Time, roles, and social organization had less influence. Also various
cultures have different attitudes and behaviors, which in turn have distinct impacts on productivity in terms of
more rework and delay.
Keywords: Requirement engineering, Problems in requirement engineering, Cultural factors affecting
requirement engineering
I. Introduction
Requirement engineering is most important for engineering discipline. Yet it has been considered
relatively easy part of Software Development Life Cycle. This is not obvious as it’s a critical part in software
development. The history of software project [1], gives most of the credit of software failures to poor and
inadequate requirement process. Dealing with different stakeholders during requirement engineering process is
an art. For requirement engineering process this art can be opted through extensive knowledge and experience to
perform and manage the requirement engineering activities like inception, elicitation, specification, negotiating ,
validation and verification. The success of RE process depends on understanding the needs of users , customers
stakeholders and the context in which the developed software will be used[2].
Issues in RE process faced by requirement engineers:
There are numerous issues faced by requirement engineering team during requirement engineering
process. As requirement engineering is a social process that involves interaction among different stakeholders.
Three major groups participating in requirement engineering process are, client organization, requirement
engineering team and development team. These three categories faces social and cultural issues to some extent.
The main objective of this study is to Highlight some cultural issues as there are number of cultural
issues that are as follows; Time zones differences, language and terminology issues, religious and racial
differences , ethical issues, political differences issues, business environment issues. The main focus of this
study is to find the social and cultural issues (language, attitudes, roles, social organization, and time) in
requirement engineering process.
To investigates the impact of cultural factors on the software development teams with respect to team
productivity.This research illustrates how cultural factors (e.g. attitudes, language, time, roles, and social
organization) [3] , might affect the communication process in software development projects, which in turn
affect the overall software project management and productivity.
II. Review Of Literature
[4] Conducted empirical studies of 12 software companies. Their studies declare that many
prerequisites difficulties are generally organizational as an alternative to complex, and that there is any
relationship among companies’ maturation and behavior connected with prerequisites difficulties. Results
proposed the organizational problems aggravate all kinds connected with prerequisites problem.
[5] Illustrated that Powerful connection in the office locations increased production. They've got
perused the particular factors (related to help team communication) that contain a significant influence on job
pleasure.
[6] Described that software Requirement Engineering (RE) is one of the most important and
fundamental activities in the software life cycle. With the introduction of different software process paradigms,
2. Survey on adverse influencing factors in the way of successful requirement engineering
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17264447 www.iosrjournals.org 45 | Page
the Requirement Engineering appeared in different facets, yet remaining its significance without a doubt. The
software development outsourcing is considered as a win-win situation for both developed and developing
countries.
[7] Stated that In the globalized world we are living, all economic, technological, social and cultural
aspects affecting many different countries are strongly connected. In some contexts, social and moral values also
have a role to play. Moreover, engineers are sometimes identified with environmentally damaging technologies,
so they are being forced to become aware of the wider social context in which they are working.
[8] illustrated that requirements for a particular software / system are the detailed description of
services it offers with operational constraints. Where the process of gathering, analyzing and documenting these
services and constraints is knows as requirement engineering (RE). In RE process various issues occurs in users
and system level requirement and its segregation accordingly. The user requirement depicted in natural
language, diagrams or using different modeling techniques. Where the system requirements are set of
operational services and it constraints. The system requirements further categories into three levels, functional,
non-functional and domain requirements.
III. Research Question
Based on the literature review and the previous studies in software team management, there is a research
question that emerge.
• Question : Does understanding cultural factors that affect communication:
- Reduce the amount of rework (increase productivity), and/or
- Minimize conflicts/errors during the software development life cycle, which in turn, reduce delays?
IV. Methodology
To carry out this research work mixed research methodology were adopted. Initial the literature is used
to stream line the problem area. The second phase consisted on descripted survey for empirical investigation.
Survey, interview and questionnaires are the conversational methods that are used to gather data from
stakeholders and other sources[9],used in this research.
The two research instruments/elicitation techniques (questionnaires, interview) have been designed and
prepared for the formal and informal studies aiming to investigate the impact of cultural variables on
requirement engineering teams and productivity. The surveys are built based on previous validated instruments
for measuring the cultural factors and communication in teams.
“Traditional techniques” include a wide variety of methods to gather data from various stakeholders
including interviews, questionnaire, surveys[10]. The questionnaire is a method of requirement elicitation which
is simple and requires lesser time and cost [11].Interviews expressed a will and understanding for the need of a
better and more structured elicitation process, that would produce high requirement coverage, high traceability,
and high understandability [12].
Informal Study- Procedure:
The informal study’s survey consists of two sections: General Questions and Specific Questions. The
first section asks some general questions/demographic information (e.g. time/date and place of interview, survey
facilitator’s name and participant’s name, years of experience and number of projects, as well as level of
education). In this study, 8 software engineers were interviewed providing their knowledge/experience working
in multicultural software teams. The average and the median of the participants’ years of experience in the field
of software engineering are around 8.5 years..
The second set of the questions addresses specific information about their knowledge, experience, and
opinions with respect to software engineering development projects, and software teams. The participants were
given a short statement about communication in software teams and discussed the cultural factors that might
influence the communication process for the purpose of helping them understand the survey instrument. Based
on Deresky’s communication model [3] , seven cultural factors might influence communication in multicultural
teams: Social organization (values, methods, priorities), attitudes (interpret messages), language (express
feelings, translate idioms), thought patterns (reasoning process), roles, time, and non-verbal communication.
Formal Study Procedure:
The formal study was conducted on people who have experience in software development projects,
focusing on the RE tasks. The analysis involves the entire set of data, in which all data was analyzed together
without organizing them into categories.
The questionnaire consists of 41 questions. The question types include questions with short answers,
multiple-choice, partially close-ended questions, and closed-ended with ordered response choices, where the
participant were asked to circle a number between 1 (strongly agree) and 4 (strongly disagree) on each scale.
3. Survey on adverse influencing factors in the way of successful requirement engineering
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17264447 www.iosrjournals.org 46 | Page
First section of the questionnaire consists of background information in which, the participants were
asked to provide short answers to 14 questions that provide general information(language, year of experience,
number of projects involved in) .
The second section of the questionnaire depends strongly to fill out the personality test.
The third section of the questionnaire consists of 17 questions. In general, this section measures
communication, language, time, and roles in terms of perception of who should make the decision.
The fourth section consists of 11 questions. The questions are designed and prepared to measure the
effect of cultural factors (e.g. attitude, social organization, time, roles, and language) on communication and
productivity in terms of rework and delay)
Twenty -eight (28) people participated in this study, where 22 (66%) of them were male, 6 (18%) were
female.11 (38%) of the participants had less than four years of experience in software development projects, 7
(29%) had four to eight years of experience.
V. Result And Discussions
Result and discussion of informal study:
Based on the informal study, all seven factors might have some impact on multicultural teams, and
some of them might overlap based on some common characteristics. However, for formal study, the aim was to
narrow down the focus to 3-4 factors instead of investigating all of the seven factors due to limited research time
frame, and to make this research more focused on specific cultural aspects.See Table 1.1
Table 1.1: Cultural factors that affect communication process in software teams & RE
Cultural Factors Impact Included
Attitude
Language
More- impact Yes
Time
Role
Social Organization
Nominal Yes
Thought Patterns
Non-verbal Communication
Less -impact No
Result and discussion of formal study:
Based on the participants’ experience working on software projects and focusing on the RE tasks,
Attitudescome at the top of the list of the factors that have more/critical impact on communication, followed by
Social Organization, Time, Roles, and then Language. All the five cultural aspects have influence on
communication in software teams and RE. Based on peoples’ experiences, these factors “often to sometimes”
cause miscommunication. See Table 1.2
Table 1.2: Cultural factors that cause miscommunication in software teams & RE
No. Cultural factors Percentage Occurrence
1 attitude 76% Often to sometimes
2 Social organization 73% Often to sometimes
3 Time 68% Often to sometimes
4 Roles 63% Often to sometimes
5 Language 58% Often to sometimes
VI. Conclusion
People encounter a number of obstacles while eliciting, communicating, and negotiating the
requirements on their project teams and with clients during the RE process. As expressed earlier, different
cultures have different miscommunication issues. This research studies also indicate that miscommunication
occurred at some level, and produced errors/defects (or conflicts) that led to an increase in the amount of rework
and caused delays in the project. Further, cultural differences caused miscommunication and conflicts that
increased the risk of delivering the final software product on time and within budget, as well as affected the
overall project productivity.
Question: Does understanding cultural factors that affect communication: Reduce the amount of rework
(increase productivity), and/or Minimize conflicts/errors during the software development life cycle, which in
turn, reduce delays?
Yes. Understanding the cultural factors that affect communication reduces rework and delay.
The research used different instruments such as surveys, interviews, and questionnaires for measuring the
cultural variables (i.e., attitudes, language, social organization, roles, and time) that could affect communication.
4. Survey on adverse influencing factors in the way of successful requirement engineering
DOI: 10.9790/0661-17264447 www.iosrjournals.org 47 | Page
Others can use these instruments to measure the mentioned factors, and study their impacts on communication
in teams.
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