Toward reliable data delivery for highly
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This paper addresses the problem of reliably delivering data packets in highly dynamic mobile ad hoc networks. Existing ad hoc routing protocols are susceptible to node mobility, especially in large-scale networks, as they rely on predetermined end-to-end routes. The paper proposes a Position-based Opportunistic Routing protocol that takes advantage of geographic routing's stateless property and wireless broadcasting. It allows multiple neighbor nodes to cache and forward packets opportunistically if the primary forwarder fails, reducing transmission interruptions and rerouting delays. A Virtual Destination-based Void Handling scheme is also proposed to cooperate with POR for handling communication holes.
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This document summarizes research on load balancing techniques for congestion control in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It first provides background on MANETs and issues like limited bandwidth. It then reviews literature on multipath routing and load balancing, categorizing approaches based on metrics like available bandwidth. The document proposes using acknowledgement times to estimate available bandwidth and distribute traffic to avoid congestion across multiple paths. By adapting sending rates based on estimated available bandwidth, this could minimize congestion in the network.
Position based Opportunistic routing in MANET
The document summarizes an Efficient Position-Based Opportunistic Routing (EPOR) protocol proposed for mobile ad hoc networks. EPOR takes advantage of geographic routing and the broadcast nature of wireless transmissions. When a packet is transmitted, overhearing nodes can act as forwarding candidates. The best forwarder is chosen, but if it fails to forward in time, a suboptimal candidate will forward instead to avoid transmission interruptions. Simulation results show EPOR achieves higher packet delivery ratios and lower end-to-end delays than GPSR and AOMDV routing protocols, even under high node mobility.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Source routing in Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs)
Mobile ad hoc network is a reconfigurable network of mobile nodes connected by multi-hop wireless links and capable of operating without any fixed infrastructure support. In order to facilitate communication within such self-creating, self-organizing and self administrating network, a dynamic routing protocol is needed. The primary goal of such an ad hoc network routing protocol is to discover and establish a correct and efficient route between a pair of nodes so that messages may be delivered in a timely manner. Route construction should be done with a minimum of overhead and bandwidth consumption. This paper examines two routing protocols, both on-demand source routing, for mobile ad hoc networks– the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), an flat architecture based and the Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP), a cluster architecture based and evaluates both routing protocols in terms of packet delivery fraction, normalized routing load, average end to end delay, throughput by varying number of nodes per sq. km, traffic sources and mobility. Simulation results show that in high
mobility (pause time 0s) scenarios, CBRP outperforms DSR. CBRP scales well with increasing number of nodes.
Tree Based Proactive Source Routing Protocol for MANETs
bstract: A mobile adhoc network (MANET) is a wireless communication network and the node that does not lie within the direct transmission range of each other depends on the intermediate nodes to forward data. Opportunistic data forwarding has not been widely utilized in mobile adhoc networks (MANETs) and the main reason is the lack of an efficient lightweight proactive routing scheme with strong source routing capability. PSR protocol facilitates opportunistic data forwarding in MANETs. In PSR, each node maintains a breadth-first search spanning tree of the network rooted at it-self. This information is periodically exchanged among neighboring nodes for updated network topology information. Here added a Mobile sink to reduce the overhead in case of number of child node increases and also to reduce the delay.
IMPROVING RELIABLE DATA TRANSFER IN MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS USING THE PRINCIPLE...
IMPROVING RELIABLE DATA TRANSFER IN MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS USING THE PRINCIPLE...International Journal of Technical Research & Application
On the surface a packet is a chunk of information
but at the deeper level a packet is one unit of binary data capable
of being transferred through a network. Delivering data packets
for highly dynamic mobile ad hoc networks in a reliable and
timely manner. Driven by this issue, an efficient Position-based
Opportunistic Routing (POR) protocol which takes advantage of
the stateless property of geographic routing. In proactive routing
protocols the route discovery and recovery procedures are time
and energy consuming process. Once the path breaks, data
packets will get lost or be delayed for a long time until the
reconstruction of the route, causing transmission interruption.
but Geographic routing (GR) uses location information to
forward data packets, in a hop-by-hop routing fashion. Greedy
forwarding is used to select next hop forwarder with the largest
positive progress toward the destination while void handling
mechanism is triggered to route around communication voids. No
end-to-end route need to be maintained, leading to GR’s high
efficiency and scalability. In the operation of greedy forwarding,
the neighbour which is relatively far away from the sender is
chosen as the next hop. If the node moves out of the sender’s
coverage area, the transmission will fail. In GPSR (a very famous
geographic routing protocol), the MAC-layer failure feedback is
used to offer the packet another chance to reroute.Load aware and load balancing using aomdv routing in manet
This document discusses load aware and load balancing techniques using multipath routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It proposes using a location aided routing (LAR) protocol with the Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol to identify multiple routing backbones from the source to destination nodes based on the intermediate nodes' communication and processing capabilities. This helps distribute traffic loads evenly across multiple paths to improve load balancing, reduce congestion, and enhance quality of service in the MANET.
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Ha3512291233
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Position based Opportunistic routing in MANET
The document summarizes an Efficient Position-Based Opportunistic Routing (EPOR) protocol proposed for mobile ad hoc networks. EPOR takes advantage of geographic routing and the broadcast nature of wireless transmissions. When a packet is transmitted, overhearing nodes can act as forwarding candidates. The best forwarder is chosen, but if it fails to forward in time, a suboptimal candidate will forward instead to avoid transmission interruptions. Simulation results show EPOR achieves higher packet delivery ratios and lower end-to-end delays than GPSR and AOMDV routing protocols, even under high node mobility.
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Source routing in Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs)
Mobile ad hoc network is a reconfigurable network of mobile nodes connected by multi-hop wireless links and capable of operating without any fixed infrastructure support. In order to facilitate communication within such self-creating, self-organizing and self administrating network, a dynamic routing protocol is needed. The primary goal of such an ad hoc network routing protocol is to discover and establish a correct and efficient route between a pair of nodes so that messages may be delivered in a timely manner. Route construction should be done with a minimum of overhead and bandwidth consumption. This paper examines two routing protocols, both on-demand source routing, for mobile ad hoc networks– the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), an flat architecture based and the Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP), a cluster architecture based and evaluates both routing protocols in terms of packet delivery fraction, normalized routing load, average end to end delay, throughput by varying number of nodes per sq. km, traffic sources and mobility. Simulation results show that in high
mobility (pause time 0s) scenarios, CBRP outperforms DSR. CBRP scales well with increasing number of nodes.
Tree Based Proactive Source Routing Protocol for MANETs
bstract: A mobile adhoc network (MANET) is a wireless communication network and the node that does not lie within the direct transmission range of each other depends on the intermediate nodes to forward data. Opportunistic data forwarding has not been widely utilized in mobile adhoc networks (MANETs) and the main reason is the lack of an efficient lightweight proactive routing scheme with strong source routing capability. PSR protocol facilitates opportunistic data forwarding in MANETs. In PSR, each node maintains a breadth-first search spanning tree of the network rooted at it-self. This information is periodically exchanged among neighboring nodes for updated network topology information. Here added a Mobile sink to reduce the overhead in case of number of child node increases and also to reduce the delay.
IMPROVING RELIABLE DATA TRANSFER IN MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS USING THE PRINCIPLE...
IMPROVING RELIABLE DATA TRANSFER IN MOBILE ADHOC NETWORKS USING THE PRINCIPLE...International Journal of Technical Research & Application
On the surface a packet is a chunk of information
but at the deeper level a packet is one unit of binary data capable
of being transferred through a network. Delivering data packets
for highly dynamic mobile ad hoc networks in a reliable and
timely manner. Driven by this issue, an efficient Position-based
Opportunistic Routing (POR) protocol which takes advantage of
the stateless property of geographic routing. In proactive routing
protocols the route discovery and recovery procedures are time
and energy consuming process. Once the path breaks, data
packets will get lost or be delayed for a long time until the
reconstruction of the route, causing transmission interruption.
but Geographic routing (GR) uses location information to
forward data packets, in a hop-by-hop routing fashion. Greedy
forwarding is used to select next hop forwarder with the largest
positive progress toward the destination while void handling
mechanism is triggered to route around communication voids. No
end-to-end route need to be maintained, leading to GR’s high
efficiency and scalability. In the operation of greedy forwarding,
the neighbour which is relatively far away from the sender is
chosen as the next hop. If the node moves out of the sender’s
coverage area, the transmission will fail. In GPSR (a very famous
geographic routing protocol), the MAC-layer failure feedback is
used to offer the packet another chance to reroute.Load aware and load balancing using aomdv routing in manet
This document discusses load aware and load balancing techniques using multipath routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It proposes using a location aided routing (LAR) protocol with the Ad-hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol to identify multiple routing backbones from the source to destination nodes based on the intermediate nodes' communication and processing capabilities. This helps distribute traffic loads evenly across multiple paths to improve load balancing, reduce congestion, and enhance quality of service in the MANET.
SURVEY AND TAXONOMY OF UNICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS
The purpose of this paper is to survey the unicast routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks
(MANETs) and study their primary route selection principle. In this context, we did an exhaustive survey
of unicast MANET routing protocols proposed in the literature. Qualitatively, based on their primary
route selection principle, we show that all these protocols could be placed under one of two broad route
selection categories: routing based on minimum-weight path and routing based on stability. In addition
to the primary route selection principle, we also identify the underlying routing metric and the routing
philosophy (proactive, reactive, flat, hierarchical, location-awareness, power-sensitiveness and multipath
capability) adopted by the different routing protocols. We believe the survey can be a great source of
information for researchers in ad hoc networks.
A comparative study in wireless sensor networks
This document summarizes and compares several routing algorithms proposed for wireless sensor networks. It discusses algorithms that aim to improve reliability, power efficiency, lifetime, and fault tolerance. The evaluation section compares how each algorithm addresses challenges like reliability, energy conservation, and adapting to topology changes. While various algorithms achieve improvements in areas like power efficiency and lifetime, most still have limitations and do not fully address all the key challenges for wireless sensor networks.
Load Balancing and Congestion Control in MANET
The document summarizes a proposed load balancing and congestion control algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The algorithm uses a coordinated multi-path routing approach where multiple paths between source and destination nodes are established. When congestion is detected at an intermediate node, a congestion notification message is sent to the source node. The source node then distributes data packets across the multiple paths randomly to balance load and avoid congested areas of the network. The algorithm aims to reduce end-to-end delay, packet loss, and imbalance in energy consumption among nodes through coordinated load balancing across multiple routes. Simulation results show the approach is effective at alleviating network congestion compared to single-path routing.
Packet Transfer Rate & Robust Throughput for Mobile Adhoc Network
An ad-hoc wireless network is highly different considering dynamic stochastic process of its underlying links, leads to link breaks during data transaction. Hence, to provide free flow data transaction, many routing algorithms have the property of link recovery and maintenance procedures to minimize the loss of data during transmission. However these routing method do not guarantee reliable data transmission in some special application conditions with wide requirements on Packet delivery ratio and link quality of the network. Routing is a critical issue in MANET and hence the focus of this paper is the performance analysis of different routing protocols used in the
wireless network. We evaluate the ability of a mobile ad hoc wireless network to distribute flows across robust routes by introducing the robust throughput measure as a performance metric. The utility gained by the delivery of flow messages is based on the level of interruption experienced by the underlying transaction. We describe the mathematical calculation of a network’s robust throughput measure, as well as its robust throughput capacity. We introduce the robust flow admission and routing algorithm (RFAR) to provide for the timely and robust transport of flow transactions across mobile ad hoc wireless systems.
[IJCT-V3I3P5] Authors: Alok Kumar Dwivedi, Gouri Shankar Prajapati
[IJCT-V3I3P5] Authors: Alok Kumar Dwivedi, Gouri Shankar PrajapatiIJET - International Journal of Engineering and Techniques
The congestion control within the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) plays a critical role in
amending data rate to evade congestion from happening possibilities. Based on TCP communication sender
not only guarantees the successful packet delivery, but also maintains the correct sequence of packets by
receiving the frequent acknowledgement from the receiver. In this research we proposed a congestion
control scheme with modified TCP and queue length variation with OLSR routing protocol in MANET. The
TCP protocol performance is modified by forwarding busy channel signals to predecessor nodes through
intermediate nodes in network. The congestion is controlled by that novel method of detecting the node is
busy or ready for communication. If the communication is start in network and the possibility if congestion
is arise, then in that case the queue length is handle the possibility of congestion. The congestion is
minimized due to awaring about the channel busy status and nodes buffer status or queue status. The TCP
protocol is able to handle the congestion situation but i.e. completely based on acknowledgement of receiver
and also not very effective to control it. The proposed TCP congestion control OLSR routing is improves
the network performance by reducing packet loss. The performance of network is measure through
performance metrics like throughput, PDF and Routing overhead in different node density scenarios. The
performance of proposed scheme is provides the better results.POSITION BASED ADAPTIVE ROUTING FOR VANETS
Routing plays a very significant role in multi hop data dissemination in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
(VANETs). Wehave proposed a Position based Adaptive Routing (PAR) protocol which is scalable for different
network densities in VANETs. This scheme uses Preferred Group Broadcasting (PGB) for route discovery.
In this mode, after broadcasting the request for route discovery the source node starts listening to
the channel. If the packet is not further rebroadcasted by any neighbor in a set timeout, then it repeats the
broadcast. This process is repeated until the request reaches the destination. The destination keeps on accumulating
route requests coming from different paths until predefined time. It then chooses the least cost
path as route reply. It uses the set of traversed anchors for sending the unicast route reply to the source
node. PAR uses Advance Greedy Forwarding (AGF) for data forwarding and greedily forwards the data
packet to the next anchor towards destination node. It switches to carry and forward mode once it finds
partitions in the network. The intermediate vehicle buffers the packet until next junction and switches back
to position based scheme and greedily forwards to next node in range which is closest to the destination. To
have an end to end connectedpath, it uses guards to guard anchors tied to different junction and geographical
locations in the network. The algorithm is scalable and exploits advantages of existing techniques
already developed for specific scenarios in VANET. Results show that the service ratio and packet
delay of PAR are higher than its counterparts.
JPN1418 PSR: A Lightweight Proactive Source Routing Protocol For Mobile Ad H...
Get the latest IEEE ns2 projects in JP INFOTECH; we are having following category wise projects like Industrial Informatics, Vehicular Technology, Networking, WSN and Manet.
For More Details:
http://jpinfotech.org/final-year-ieee-projects/2014-ieee-projects/ns2-projects/
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The document proposes an interference-oriented topology control algorithm for delay-constrained mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). It aims to jointly consider delay and interference to control topology while minimizing interference. The algorithm takes into account transmission delay, contention delay, queuing delay, and interference constraints. Simulation results show the algorithm effectively reduces delay and improves performance for delay-constrained MANETs by controlling topology to meet interference constraints and increasing transmit range to meet delay requirements. Node mobility impact on the algorithm is also investigated.QoS Issues in MANET: A Comparative Study over Different Routing Protocols
MANETs are composed of autonomous nodes that are self-managed without any existing of infrastructure and centralized administration. Therefore, each node operates not only as an end system but also as a router to forward packets for other nodes. For these reasons, the network has a dynamic topology, so nodes can easily join or leave the network at any time. Routing information differentiates these networks from other ad-hoc networks. The study of QoS issues in Mobile Ad-hoc Network is done by simulation in MATLAB that can help in better understanding of the behavior of various routing protocols. This paper is intended to compare QoS parameters of various routing protocols.
Quality of Service Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks Using Node Mobility and ...
Exceptionally dynamic networks are Mobile Ad hoc Networks. Quality of Service (QoS) routing in such
Networks are frequently limited by the network split due to either energy depletion or node mobility of the
mobile nodes. In addition, to fulfill specific quality parameters, existence of multiple node-disjoint paths
becomes essential. Such paths assist in the optimal traffic distribution and consistency in case of path
breakages. Thus, to accommodate such problem, we present a node-disjoint multipath protocol. The metric
system of measurement used to select the paths takes into account the stability of the nodes and the
equivalent links.
ENERGY EFFICIENT MULTICAST ROUTING IN MANET
In this paper, we have presented the Modified Multicasting through Time Reservation using Adaptive
Control for Excellent Energy efficiency (MMC-TRACE). It is a real time multicasting architecture for
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where the network layer and medium access control layer functionality are done in a single integrated
layer design. The basic design of the architecture is to establish and maintain an active multicast tree
surrounded by a passive mesh within a mobile ad hoc network. Energy efficiency is maximized by enabling
the particular node from sleep to awake mode while the remaining nodes of the same path are maintained
at sleep mode. Energy efficiency too achieved by eliminating most of the redundant data receptions across
nodes. The performance of MMC-TRACE are evaluated with the help of ns-2 simulations and comparisons
are made with its predecessor such as MC-TRACE. The results show that the MMC-TRACE provides
superior energy efficiency, competitive QoS performance and bandwidth efficiency.
In3514801485
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method called flow-based slicing to preserve interflow packet order in multipath switching systems while avoiding congestion. Flow-based slicing works by splitting each network flow into smaller "slices" at intervals larger than a threshold, and balancing the load across paths at a finer granularity. This allows for uniform load sharing while maintaining packet ordering and minimizing out-of-order probability to less than 10-6. The method achieves good load balancing with low hardware overhead and timing complexity. Simulation results validate that when the slicing threshold is set to the smallest delay upper bound, flow-based slicing can optimally balance loads while keeping packet reordering negligible for internal speeds up to two times.
GRAPH THEORETIC ROUTING ALGORITHM (GTRA) FOR MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS (MANET)
Battlefield theater applications require supporting large number of nodes. It can facilitate many multi-hop
paths between each source and destination pairs. For scalability, it is critical that for supporting network
centric applications with large set of nodes require hierarchical approach to designing networks. In this
research we consider using Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) with multiple clusters. Each cluster
supports a few nodes with a cluster head. The intra-cluster connectivity amongst the nodes within the
cluster is supported by multi-hop connectivity to ensure handling mobility in such a way that no service
disruption can occur. The inter-cluster connectivity is also achieved by multi-hop connectivity. However,
for inter-cluster communications, only cluster heads are connected. The selection of intra-cluster
communications and inter-cluster communications allow scalability of the network to support multiservices
applications end-to-end with a desired Quality of Service (QoS). This paper proposes graph
theoretic approach to establish efficient connection between a source and a destination within each cluster
in intra-cluster network and between clusters in inter-cluster network. Graph theoretic approach
traditionally was applied networks where nodes are static or fixed. In this paper, we have applied the
graph theoretic routing to MANET where nodes are mobile. One of the important challenges in MANET is
to support an efficient routing algorithm for multi-hop communications across many nodes which are
dynamic in nature. However, dynamic behavior of the nodes requires greater understanding of the node
degree and mobility at each instance of time in order to maintain end-to-end QoS for multi-service
provisioning. This paper demonstrates graph theoretic approach produces an optimum multi-hop
connectivity path based on cumulative minimum degree that minimizes the contention and scheduling
delay end-to-end. It is applied to both intra-cluster communications as well as inter-cluster
communications. The performance shows that having a multi-hop connectivity for intra-cluster
communications is more power efficient compared to broadcast of information with maximum power
coverage. Each cluster performs similarly and the algorithm is also used for inter-cluster communications.
Our simulation results show that the proposed graph theoretic routing approach will reduce the overall
delay and improves the physical layer data frame transmission.
A New Theoretical Approach to Location Based Power Aware Routing
This document proposes a new theoretical approach to location based power aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It aims to extend the network lifetime by improving power utilization during routing. The approach uses nodes' location information, remaining battery power, and bandwidth status to assign link stability and select routes with lower "uptime values" and minimum bandwidth over time. This is hypothesized to better utilize nodes' power sources and bandwidth. The document outlines calculating a root up time factor for each node based on its power backup and required power, and only using nodes with maximum backup. It concludes future work will design and validate a new protocol based on this approach.
Cross Layer Based Hybrid Fuzzy Ad-Hoc Rate Based Congestion Control (CLHCC) A...
Cross Layer Based Hybrid Fuzzy Ad-Hoc Rate Based Congestion Control (CLHCC) A...IJCSIS Research Publications
Mobile environment pretense a number of novel
theoretical and optimization issues such as position, operation
and following in that a lot of requests rely on them for
desirable information. The precedent works are sprinkled
across the entire network layer: from the medium of physical
to link layer to routing and then application layer. In this
invention, we present outline solutions in Medium Access
Control (MAC), data distribution, coverage resolve issues
under mobile ad-hoc network environment based on
congestion control technique using Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP). In mobile ad-hoc network issues can arise
such as link disconnections, channel contention and recurrent
path loss. To resolve this issue, we propose a Cross Layer
based Hybrid fuzzy ad-hoc rate based Congestion Control
(CLHCC) approach to maximize network performance. Based
on the destination report it regulates the speed of data flow to
control data loss by monitoring the present network status
and transmits this report to the source as advice. The source
adjusts the sending flow rate as per the advice. This is
monitored by channel usage, ultimate delay, short term
throughput.Hd3612761280
This document summarizes a research paper on load balancing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins with an abstract of the paper and introduces MANETs and the importance of load balancing in them given nodes' limited resources. It then discusses various load metrics and load balancing routing protocols. Specific protocols covered include Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Ad hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV), and Scalable Multipath On-Demand Routing (SMORT). AOMDV and SMORT aim to compute multiple loop-free paths during route discovery to help balance traffic load across multiple paths. The document concludes that load balanced routing protocols use different metrics to select routes
Caching strategies for on demand routing protocols for wireless ad hoc network
This document analyzes caching strategies for on-demand routing protocols in wireless ad hoc networks. It evaluates different design choices for cache structure, capacity, and timeout using the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol through detailed simulations. The simulations consider 50 different mobility scenarios drawn from 5 mobility models to analyze how caching algorithms are affected by node movement patterns.
Influence of Clustering on the Performance of MobileAd Hoc Networks (MANETs)
Clustering is an important research area for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) as it increases the capacity of network, reduces the routing overhead and makes the network more scalable in the presence of both high mobility and a large number of mobile nodes. Routing protocols based on flat topology are not scalable because of their built-in characteristics. However, clustering cause overhead which consumes considerable bandwidth, drain mobile nodes energy quickly, likely cause congestion, collision and data delay in larger networks. This paper uses an implementation of the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), an flat architecture based and the Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP), a cluster architecture based routing protocol to examine the influence of clustering on the performance of mobile ad hoc networks. This paper evaluates channel utilization and control overhead as a function of number of nodes per sq. km to show the effect of clustering. Simulation results show that in high mobility scenarios, CBRP outperforms DSR. CBRP scales well with increasing number of nodes.
An Enhanced DSR Protocol for Improving QoS in MANET
Ad hoc network is a network without centralized administration in which different users can communicate and exchange information. In such a structure, all the nodes participate in order to achieve the network and ensure the travel of the information. Hence, multihopping techniques are used to achieve this task. The communication reliability within an ad hoc network and how the different nodes act are managed by routing protocols. Nowadays, different types of protocols exist. Nevertheless, the source routing ones, based on information known at the source of the communication, seem to attract more studies. Source routing protocols had shown interesting results in realistic scenarios in areas such as military battlefields or airport stations.
This Paper deals with DSR Protocol and is focused on the multipath aspect of this routing protocol. Since, it is necessary to understand that multipath techniques enhance reliability and can ensure security. We have simulated a new multipath algorithm. The solution had been evaluated with the network Simulator 2. Since we want to know how our protocol reacts in different mobility cases, the random waypoint model which allows us to present relevant results, due to the fact this situation is taken into account.
Simulation results show that the multipath protocol behaves better than DSR, the main actual reactive protocol. The Proposed protocol MSR performs well in high mobility by using much less overhead than DSR. Additionally, it is interesting to see that DSR without any modifications manage poorly in high mobility situation.
G1063841
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new Position Based Opportunistic Routing Protocol (POR) to improve reliable data delivery in mobile ad hoc networks. Existing geographic routing protocols have issues with route failures and delays in discovering new routes when nodes move. The proposed POR protocol selects multiple forwarding candidate nodes to opportunistically forward packets. If the primary forwarder fails, backup candidates can forward packets to avoid transmission interruptions. Simulation results show the POR protocol has lower delay and higher packet delivery ratio compared to existing protocols.
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Load aware and load balancing using aomdv routing in manet
1. The document discusses load aware and load balancing techniques using multipath routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs).
2. It notes that effective load balancing is challenging in MANETs due to their dynamic nature and topology changes. Nodes can differ significantly in communication and processing capabilities.
3. The paper proposes identifying multiple routing backbones from source to destination using intermediate nodes with better capabilities, to improve load balancing, quality of service, and congestion control based on network traffic levels and node loads.
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The purpose of this paper is to survey the unicast routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks
(MANETs) and study their primary route selection principle. In this context, we did an exhaustive survey
of unicast MANET routing protocols proposed in the literature. Qualitatively, based on their primary
route selection principle, we show that all these protocols could be placed under one of two broad route
selection categories: routing based on minimum-weight path and routing based on stability. In addition
to the primary route selection principle, we also identify the underlying routing metric and the routing
philosophy (proactive, reactive, flat, hierarchical, location-awareness, power-sensitiveness and multipath
capability) adopted by the different routing protocols. We believe the survey can be a great source of
information for researchers in ad hoc networks.
A comparative study in wireless sensor networks
This document summarizes and compares several routing algorithms proposed for wireless sensor networks. It discusses algorithms that aim to improve reliability, power efficiency, lifetime, and fault tolerance. The evaluation section compares how each algorithm addresses challenges like reliability, energy conservation, and adapting to topology changes. While various algorithms achieve improvements in areas like power efficiency and lifetime, most still have limitations and do not fully address all the key challenges for wireless sensor networks.
Load Balancing and Congestion Control in MANET
The document summarizes a proposed load balancing and congestion control algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The algorithm uses a coordinated multi-path routing approach where multiple paths between source and destination nodes are established. When congestion is detected at an intermediate node, a congestion notification message is sent to the source node. The source node then distributes data packets across the multiple paths randomly to balance load and avoid congested areas of the network. The algorithm aims to reduce end-to-end delay, packet loss, and imbalance in energy consumption among nodes through coordinated load balancing across multiple routes. Simulation results show the approach is effective at alleviating network congestion compared to single-path routing.
Packet Transfer Rate & Robust Throughput for Mobile Adhoc Network
An ad-hoc wireless network is highly different considering dynamic stochastic process of its underlying links, leads to link breaks during data transaction. Hence, to provide free flow data transaction, many routing algorithms have the property of link recovery and maintenance procedures to minimize the loss of data during transmission. However these routing method do not guarantee reliable data transmission in some special application conditions with wide requirements on Packet delivery ratio and link quality of the network. Routing is a critical issue in MANET and hence the focus of this paper is the performance analysis of different routing protocols used in the
wireless network. We evaluate the ability of a mobile ad hoc wireless network to distribute flows across robust routes by introducing the robust throughput measure as a performance metric. The utility gained by the delivery of flow messages is based on the level of interruption experienced by the underlying transaction. We describe the mathematical calculation of a network’s robust throughput measure, as well as its robust throughput capacity. We introduce the robust flow admission and routing algorithm (RFAR) to provide for the timely and robust transport of flow transactions across mobile ad hoc wireless systems.
[IJCT-V3I3P5] Authors: Alok Kumar Dwivedi, Gouri Shankar Prajapati
[IJCT-V3I3P5] Authors: Alok Kumar Dwivedi, Gouri Shankar PrajapatiIJET - International Journal of Engineering and Techniques
The congestion control within the TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) plays a critical role in
amending data rate to evade congestion from happening possibilities. Based on TCP communication sender
not only guarantees the successful packet delivery, but also maintains the correct sequence of packets by
receiving the frequent acknowledgement from the receiver. In this research we proposed a congestion
control scheme with modified TCP and queue length variation with OLSR routing protocol in MANET. The
TCP protocol performance is modified by forwarding busy channel signals to predecessor nodes through
intermediate nodes in network. The congestion is controlled by that novel method of detecting the node is
busy or ready for communication. If the communication is start in network and the possibility if congestion
is arise, then in that case the queue length is handle the possibility of congestion. The congestion is
minimized due to awaring about the channel busy status and nodes buffer status or queue status. The TCP
protocol is able to handle the congestion situation but i.e. completely based on acknowledgement of receiver
and also not very effective to control it. The proposed TCP congestion control OLSR routing is improves
the network performance by reducing packet loss. The performance of network is measure through
performance metrics like throughput, PDF and Routing overhead in different node density scenarios. The
performance of proposed scheme is provides the better results.POSITION BASED ADAPTIVE ROUTING FOR VANETS
Routing plays a very significant role in multi hop data dissemination in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks
(VANETs). Wehave proposed a Position based Adaptive Routing (PAR) protocol which is scalable for different
network densities in VANETs. This scheme uses Preferred Group Broadcasting (PGB) for route discovery.
In this mode, after broadcasting the request for route discovery the source node starts listening to
the channel. If the packet is not further rebroadcasted by any neighbor in a set timeout, then it repeats the
broadcast. This process is repeated until the request reaches the destination. The destination keeps on accumulating
route requests coming from different paths until predefined time. It then chooses the least cost
path as route reply. It uses the set of traversed anchors for sending the unicast route reply to the source
node. PAR uses Advance Greedy Forwarding (AGF) for data forwarding and greedily forwards the data
packet to the next anchor towards destination node. It switches to carry and forward mode once it finds
partitions in the network. The intermediate vehicle buffers the packet until next junction and switches back
to position based scheme and greedily forwards to next node in range which is closest to the destination. To
have an end to end connectedpath, it uses guards to guard anchors tied to different junction and geographical
locations in the network. The algorithm is scalable and exploits advantages of existing techniques
already developed for specific scenarios in VANET. Results show that the service ratio and packet
delay of PAR are higher than its counterparts.
JPN1418 PSR: A Lightweight Proactive Source Routing Protocol For Mobile Ad H...
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Optimization Algorithm to Control Interference-based Topology Control for De...
Optimization Algorithm to Control Interference-based Topology Control for De...IJCSIS Research Publications
The document proposes an interference-oriented topology control algorithm for delay-constrained mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). It aims to jointly consider delay and interference to control topology while minimizing interference. The algorithm takes into account transmission delay, contention delay, queuing delay, and interference constraints. Simulation results show the algorithm effectively reduces delay and improves performance for delay-constrained MANETs by controlling topology to meet interference constraints and increasing transmit range to meet delay requirements. Node mobility impact on the algorithm is also investigated.QoS Issues in MANET: A Comparative Study over Different Routing Protocols
MANETs are composed of autonomous nodes that are self-managed without any existing of infrastructure and centralized administration. Therefore, each node operates not only as an end system but also as a router to forward packets for other nodes. For these reasons, the network has a dynamic topology, so nodes can easily join or leave the network at any time. Routing information differentiates these networks from other ad-hoc networks. The study of QoS issues in Mobile Ad-hoc Network is done by simulation in MATLAB that can help in better understanding of the behavior of various routing protocols. This paper is intended to compare QoS parameters of various routing protocols.
Quality of Service Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks Using Node Mobility and ...
Exceptionally dynamic networks are Mobile Ad hoc Networks. Quality of Service (QoS) routing in such
Networks are frequently limited by the network split due to either energy depletion or node mobility of the
mobile nodes. In addition, to fulfill specific quality parameters, existence of multiple node-disjoint paths
becomes essential. Such paths assist in the optimal traffic distribution and consistency in case of path
breakages. Thus, to accommodate such problem, we present a node-disjoint multipath protocol. The metric
system of measurement used to select the paths takes into account the stability of the nodes and the
equivalent links.
ENERGY EFFICIENT MULTICAST ROUTING IN MANET
In this paper, we have presented the Modified Multicasting through Time Reservation using Adaptive
Control for Excellent Energy efficiency (MMC-TRACE). It is a real time multicasting architecture for
Mobile Ad-Hoc networks to make their work an energy efficient one .MMC-TRACE is a cross layer design
where the network layer and medium access control layer functionality are done in a single integrated
layer design. The basic design of the architecture is to establish and maintain an active multicast tree
surrounded by a passive mesh within a mobile ad hoc network. Energy efficiency is maximized by enabling
the particular node from sleep to awake mode while the remaining nodes of the same path are maintained
at sleep mode. Energy efficiency too achieved by eliminating most of the redundant data receptions across
nodes. The performance of MMC-TRACE are evaluated with the help of ns-2 simulations and comparisons
are made with its predecessor such as MC-TRACE. The results show that the MMC-TRACE provides
superior energy efficiency, competitive QoS performance and bandwidth efficiency.
In3514801485
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a method called flow-based slicing to preserve interflow packet order in multipath switching systems while avoiding congestion. Flow-based slicing works by splitting each network flow into smaller "slices" at intervals larger than a threshold, and balancing the load across paths at a finer granularity. This allows for uniform load sharing while maintaining packet ordering and minimizing out-of-order probability to less than 10-6. The method achieves good load balancing with low hardware overhead and timing complexity. Simulation results validate that when the slicing threshold is set to the smallest delay upper bound, flow-based slicing can optimally balance loads while keeping packet reordering negligible for internal speeds up to two times.
GRAPH THEORETIC ROUTING ALGORITHM (GTRA) FOR MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS (MANET)
Battlefield theater applications require supporting large number of nodes. It can facilitate many multi-hop
paths between each source and destination pairs. For scalability, it is critical that for supporting network
centric applications with large set of nodes require hierarchical approach to designing networks. In this
research we consider using Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) with multiple clusters. Each cluster
supports a few nodes with a cluster head. The intra-cluster connectivity amongst the nodes within the
cluster is supported by multi-hop connectivity to ensure handling mobility in such a way that no service
disruption can occur. The inter-cluster connectivity is also achieved by multi-hop connectivity. However,
for inter-cluster communications, only cluster heads are connected. The selection of intra-cluster
communications and inter-cluster communications allow scalability of the network to support multiservices
applications end-to-end with a desired Quality of Service (QoS). This paper proposes graph
theoretic approach to establish efficient connection between a source and a destination within each cluster
in intra-cluster network and between clusters in inter-cluster network. Graph theoretic approach
traditionally was applied networks where nodes are static or fixed. In this paper, we have applied the
graph theoretic routing to MANET where nodes are mobile. One of the important challenges in MANET is
to support an efficient routing algorithm for multi-hop communications across many nodes which are
dynamic in nature. However, dynamic behavior of the nodes requires greater understanding of the node
degree and mobility at each instance of time in order to maintain end-to-end QoS for multi-service
provisioning. This paper demonstrates graph theoretic approach produces an optimum multi-hop
connectivity path based on cumulative minimum degree that minimizes the contention and scheduling
delay end-to-end. It is applied to both intra-cluster communications as well as inter-cluster
communications. The performance shows that having a multi-hop connectivity for intra-cluster
communications is more power efficient compared to broadcast of information with maximum power
coverage. Each cluster performs similarly and the algorithm is also used for inter-cluster communications.
Our simulation results show that the proposed graph theoretic routing approach will reduce the overall
delay and improves the physical layer data frame transmission.
A New Theoretical Approach to Location Based Power Aware Routing
This document proposes a new theoretical approach to location based power aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It aims to extend the network lifetime by improving power utilization during routing. The approach uses nodes' location information, remaining battery power, and bandwidth status to assign link stability and select routes with lower "uptime values" and minimum bandwidth over time. This is hypothesized to better utilize nodes' power sources and bandwidth. The document outlines calculating a root up time factor for each node based on its power backup and required power, and only using nodes with maximum backup. It concludes future work will design and validate a new protocol based on this approach.
Cross Layer Based Hybrid Fuzzy Ad-Hoc Rate Based Congestion Control (CLHCC) A...
Cross Layer Based Hybrid Fuzzy Ad-Hoc Rate Based Congestion Control (CLHCC) A...IJCSIS Research Publications
Mobile environment pretense a number of novel
theoretical and optimization issues such as position, operation
and following in that a lot of requests rely on them for
desirable information. The precedent works are sprinkled
across the entire network layer: from the medium of physical
to link layer to routing and then application layer. In this
invention, we present outline solutions in Medium Access
Control (MAC), data distribution, coverage resolve issues
under mobile ad-hoc network environment based on
congestion control technique using Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP). In mobile ad-hoc network issues can arise
such as link disconnections, channel contention and recurrent
path loss. To resolve this issue, we propose a Cross Layer
based Hybrid fuzzy ad-hoc rate based Congestion Control
(CLHCC) approach to maximize network performance. Based
on the destination report it regulates the speed of data flow to
control data loss by monitoring the present network status
and transmits this report to the source as advice. The source
adjusts the sending flow rate as per the advice. This is
monitored by channel usage, ultimate delay, short term
throughput.Hd3612761280
This document summarizes a research paper on load balancing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins with an abstract of the paper and introduces MANETs and the importance of load balancing in them given nodes' limited resources. It then discusses various load metrics and load balancing routing protocols. Specific protocols covered include Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Ad hoc On-Demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV), and Scalable Multipath On-Demand Routing (SMORT). AOMDV and SMORT aim to compute multiple loop-free paths during route discovery to help balance traffic load across multiple paths. The document concludes that load balanced routing protocols use different metrics to select routes
Caching strategies for on demand routing protocols for wireless ad hoc network
This document analyzes caching strategies for on-demand routing protocols in wireless ad hoc networks. It evaluates different design choices for cache structure, capacity, and timeout using the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol through detailed simulations. The simulations consider 50 different mobility scenarios drawn from 5 mobility models to analyze how caching algorithms are affected by node movement patterns.
Influence of Clustering on the Performance of MobileAd Hoc Networks (MANETs)
Clustering is an important research area for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) as it increases the capacity of network, reduces the routing overhead and makes the network more scalable in the presence of both high mobility and a large number of mobile nodes. Routing protocols based on flat topology are not scalable because of their built-in characteristics. However, clustering cause overhead which consumes considerable bandwidth, drain mobile nodes energy quickly, likely cause congestion, collision and data delay in larger networks. This paper uses an implementation of the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), an flat architecture based and the Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP), a cluster architecture based routing protocol to examine the influence of clustering on the performance of mobile ad hoc networks. This paper evaluates channel utilization and control overhead as a function of number of nodes per sq. km to show the effect of clustering. Simulation results show that in high mobility scenarios, CBRP outperforms DSR. CBRP scales well with increasing number of nodes.
An Enhanced DSR Protocol for Improving QoS in MANET
Ad hoc network is a network without centralized administration in which different users can communicate and exchange information. In such a structure, all the nodes participate in order to achieve the network and ensure the travel of the information. Hence, multihopping techniques are used to achieve this task. The communication reliability within an ad hoc network and how the different nodes act are managed by routing protocols. Nowadays, different types of protocols exist. Nevertheless, the source routing ones, based on information known at the source of the communication, seem to attract more studies. Source routing protocols had shown interesting results in realistic scenarios in areas such as military battlefields or airport stations.
This Paper deals with DSR Protocol and is focused on the multipath aspect of this routing protocol. Since, it is necessary to understand that multipath techniques enhance reliability and can ensure security. We have simulated a new multipath algorithm. The solution had been evaluated with the network Simulator 2. Since we want to know how our protocol reacts in different mobility cases, the random waypoint model which allows us to present relevant results, due to the fact this situation is taken into account.
Simulation results show that the multipath protocol behaves better than DSR, the main actual reactive protocol. The Proposed protocol MSR performs well in high mobility by using much less overhead than DSR. Additionally, it is interesting to see that DSR without any modifications manage poorly in high mobility situation.
What's hot (19)
SURVEY AND TAXONOMY OF UNICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS
SURVEY AND TAXONOMY OF UNICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS
Packet Transfer Rate & Robust Throughput for Mobile Adhoc Network
Packet Transfer Rate & Robust Throughput for Mobile Adhoc Network
[IJCT-V3I3P5] Authors: Alok Kumar Dwivedi, Gouri Shankar Prajapati
[IJCT-V3I3P5] Authors: Alok Kumar Dwivedi, Gouri Shankar Prajapati
JPN1418 PSR: A Lightweight Proactive Source Routing Protocol For Mobile Ad H...
JPN1418 PSR: A Lightweight Proactive Source Routing Protocol For Mobile Ad H...
Optimization Algorithm to Control Interference-based Topology Control for De...
Optimization Algorithm to Control Interference-based Topology Control for De...
QoS Issues in MANET: A Comparative Study over Different Routing Protocols
QoS Issues in MANET: A Comparative Study over Different Routing Protocols
Quality of Service Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks Using Node Mobility and ...
Quality of Service Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Networks Using Node Mobility and ...
GRAPH THEORETIC ROUTING ALGORITHM (GTRA) FOR MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS (MANET)
GRAPH THEORETIC ROUTING ALGORITHM (GTRA) FOR MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORKS (MANET)
A New Theoretical Approach to Location Based Power Aware Routing
A New Theoretical Approach to Location Based Power Aware Routing
Cross Layer Based Hybrid Fuzzy Ad-Hoc Rate Based Congestion Control (CLHCC) A...
Cross Layer Based Hybrid Fuzzy Ad-Hoc Rate Based Congestion Control (CLHCC) A...
Caching strategies for on demand routing protocols for wireless ad hoc network
Caching strategies for on demand routing protocols for wireless ad hoc network
Influence of Clustering on the Performance of MobileAd Hoc Networks (MANETs)
Influence of Clustering on the Performance of MobileAd Hoc Networks (MANETs)
An Enhanced DSR Protocol for Improving QoS in MANET
An Enhanced DSR Protocol for Improving QoS in MANET
Similar to Toward reliable data delivery for highly
G1063841
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new Position Based Opportunistic Routing Protocol (POR) to improve reliable data delivery in mobile ad hoc networks. Existing geographic routing protocols have issues with route failures and delays in discovering new routes when nodes move. The proposed POR protocol selects multiple forwarding candidate nodes to opportunistically forward packets. If the primary forwarder fails, backup candidates can forward packets to avoid transmission interruptions. Simulation results show the POR protocol has lower delay and higher packet delivery ratio compared to existing protocols.
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Load aware and load balancing using aomdv routing in manet
1. The document discusses load aware and load balancing techniques using multipath routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs).
2. It notes that effective load balancing is challenging in MANETs due to their dynamic nature and topology changes. Nodes can differ significantly in communication and processing capabilities.
3. The paper proposes identifying multiple routing backbones from source to destination using intermediate nodes with better capabilities, to improve load balancing, quality of service, and congestion control based on network traffic levels and node loads.
E0942531
This summarizes an academic paper that proposes an efficient and active data delivery method for highly dynamic mobile ad hoc networks. It introduces the Fish Eye State Routing protocol to overcome limitations of existing position-based opportunistic routing protocols. FSR uses a fisheye technique to reduce routing overhead by maintaining more accurate information about nearby nodes. It also proposes a virtual destination-based void handling scheme to address communication breaks. The paper analyzes FSR's performance and ability to deliver data reliably and securely in large, high-mobility networks.
Fuessler wkmh03
This document proposes a new contention-based forwarding (CBF) mechanism for position-based routing in mobile ad hoc networks. CBF selects the next hop through a distributed contention process using biased timers, without requiring periodic beacon messages. It aims to use more accurate position information than existing beacon-based approaches and eliminate routing overhead from beacons. CBF works in three steps: broadcast of the packet, contention between neighbors to become the next hop using biased timers, and suppression of duplicate packets from losing neighbors. The document analyzes CBF's properties and compares its performance to beacon-based greedy forwarding through simulation.
A Review on Geographical Location Based Energy Efficient Direction Restricted...
Delay Tolerant Network (DTNs) is a wireless network that experiences frequent connectivity and due to mobility of nodes long duration partitions occurred during transmission of data. DTN has the main feature that there is not full path present from source to destination. In Delay Tolerant Network (DTN), traditional routing protocol for mobile Ad-hoc protocol to be ineffective to extend of message transmission between different nodes. Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) are used in many applications like in deep space communications, under water Acoustic Network, Sparsely Populated Areas Networks Etc. In such network a routing with minimum energy congumption is major issue. In this paper, we try to explore a routing issue in DTN. First energy requirement and routing with their corresponding countermeasures in DTN are explained. Moving nodes in DTN keep the updating of network as well energy at every stage. By using the geographical concept the location of each node is maintained by updating in topology. There are many routing protocols are available for routing purpose in DTN.
Destination Aware APU Strategy for Geographic Routing in MANET
In this paper, we have explained the Enhanced Adaptive Position Update strategy for geographic routing in mobile ad hoc
network In Adaptive Position Update strategy, there are two techniques: Mobility prediction rule and On-demand learning rule. Proposed
system is based on the destination aware routing in which path to transfer the data over the network is based on the distance from highly
stable node to the destination node. Results of the proposed system are compared with Periodic Beaconing on the basis of packet delivery
ratio, beacon overhead, energy consumption. Experiment results show a high improvement in results on the parameters energy
consumption, packet delivery ratio and beacon overhead. Proposed work is implemented on the NS2 (Network Simulator) Environment
to perform experiments.
MDSR to Reduce Link Breakage Routing Overhead in MANET Using PRM
This document proposes a modification to the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol called Modified DSR (MDSR) to reduce routing overhead caused by frequent link breakages in mobile ad hoc networks. MDSR adds a link breakage prediction algorithm that uses signal strength measurements to predict when a link may break. Intermediate nodes monitor signal strength and warn the source node if a link may soon break. This allows the source to proactively rebuild the route or switch to a backup route to avoid disconnection. Simulation results showed MDSR can reduce the number of dropped packets by at least 25% compared to standard DSR. The document also discusses how DSR works and the proposed proactive route maintenance concept in M
MDSR to Reduce Link Breakage Routing Overhead in MANET Using PRM
This document proposes a modification to the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol called Modified DSR (MDSR) to reduce routing overhead caused by frequent link breakages in mobile ad hoc networks. MDSR adds a link breakage prediction algorithm that uses signal strength measurements to predict when a link may break. Intermediate nodes monitor signal strength and warn the source node if a link may soon break. This allows the source to proactively rebuild the route or switch to a backup route to avoid disconnection. Simulation results showed MDSR can reduce the number of dropped packets by at least 25% compared to standard DSR. The document also discusses how DSR works and the proposed proactive route maintenance concept in M
LOAD BALANCING AND PROVIDING SECURITY USING RSA IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
This paper presents load balancing and provides security using RSA algorithm. This is brief introduction to handle the traffic on node. This represents the converge-casting protocol in wireless sensor networks. The protocol is localized and distributed, and adapts efficiently to vary traffic. Graphs are analyzed using NS-2 simulator, here end-to-end packet latency, packet delivery ratio, throughput are analyzed. This is done for 30 nodes in NS-2 simulation.
Multipath qos aware routing protocol
Packet delivery ratio, delay, throughput, routing overhead etc are the strict quality of service requirements
for applications in Ad hoc networks. So, the routing protocol not only finds a suitable path but also the path
should satisfy the QoS constraints also. Quality of services (QoS) aware routing is performed on the basis
of resource availability in the network and the flow of QoS requirement. In this paper we developed a
source routing protocol which satisfying the link bandwidth and end –to- end delay factor. Our protocol
will find multiple paths between the source and the destination, out of those one will be selected for data
transfer and others are reserve at the source node those can be used for route maintenance purpose. The
path selection is strictly based on the bandwidth and end-to-end delay in case two or more then two paths
are having the same values for QoS constraints then we will use hop as a parameter for path selection.
Consistent Data Release in MANET Using Light Weight Verification Algorithm wi...
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Integrated Resource Adaptive On Demand Geographic Routing (IRA-ODGR) for MANET
It is a big challenge to develop routing protocol that can meet different application needs and optimize routing paths according to the topology change in mobile ad hoc networks. The existing work presented two self-adaptive on-demand geographic routing schemes to build efficient paths based on the needs of user applications and adapt to various scenarios for provide efficient and reliable routing. To overcome the impact due to inaccurate local topology knowledge, the topology information is updated at a node in the specific time periods. The on-demand routing mechanism reduces to control overhead made on geographic routing. The route optimization scheme adapts routing path according to the topology changes and actual data traffic requirements. Adaptive parameter setting scheme is introduced to allow each node to determine and adjust the protocol parameter values independently. However, existing work did not address resource parameters such as energy, bandwidth and data loss. The proposal presents and Integrated Resource Adaptive on Demand Geographic Routing (IRA-ODGR) for MANET. The node energy resource is optimized with path energy consumption rate and bandwidth utilization of the path is analysed. Loss rate is reduced in geographic routing with dynamic routes. The simulation conducted to demonstrate IRA-ODGR routing protocols.
24
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International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Progressive Routing Protocol using Hybrid Analysis for MANETs
In this paper, we proposed a replacement hybrid multipath routing protocol for
MANET known as Hybrid Multipath Progressive Routing Protocol for MANET (HMPRP),
during this work we improve the performance of accepted MANET routing protocols,
namely, the Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing protocol and use of their most
popular properties to formulate a replacement Hybrid routing protocol using the received
signal strength. The proposed routing protocol optimizes the information measure usage of
MANETs by reducing the routing overload and overhead. This proposed routing protocol
additionally extends the battery lifetime of the mobile devices by reducing the specified
variety of operations for (i) Route determination (ii) for packet forwarding. Simulation
results are used to draw conclusions regarding the proposed routing algorithm and
compared it with the AODV, OLSR, and ZRP protocol. Experiments carried out based on
this proposed algorithm, shows that better performance are achieved with regard to AODV,
OLSR, and ZRP routing algorithm in terms of packet delivery ratio, throughput, energy
consumed and end-to-end packet delay.
Progressive Routing Protocol using Hybrid Analysis for MANETs
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new hybrid multipath routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks called Hybrid Multipath Progressive Routing Protocol (HMPRP). It improves upon existing routing protocols like AODV and OLSR by utilizing multiple paths based on received signal strength to increase packet delivery and reduce overhead. Simulation results showed the proposed protocol achieved better performance than AODV, OLSR and ZRP in terms of packet delivery ratio, throughput, energy consumption and delay.
10
This document provides a survey of different void handling techniques that are suitable for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It begins with an introduction to geographic routing and the void problem in networks. Then it describes six categories of void handling techniques: planar graph based, face routing based, restricted direction based, hierarchical based, trajectory based, and cluster based. For each category, it briefly explains one or two representative techniques. Finally, it provides a comparative survey of the techniques based on important performance features.
Performance Evaluation and Comparison of Ad-Hoc Source Routing Protocols
Mobile ad hoc network is a reconfigurable network of mobile nodes connected by multi-hop wireless links and capable of operating without any fixed infrastructure support. In order to facilitate communication within such self-creating, self-organizing and self-administrating network, a dynamic routing protocol is needed. The primary goal of such an ad hoc network routing protocol is to discover and establish a correct and efficient route between a pair of nodes so that messages may be delivered in a timely manner. Route construction should be done with a minimum of overhead and bandwidth consumption. This paper examines two routing protocols, both on-demand source routing, for mobile ad hoc networks– the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), an flat architecture based and the Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP), a cluster architecture based and evaluates both routing protocols in terms of packet delivery fraction normalized routing load, average end to end delay by varying speed of nodes, traffic sources and mobility.
Lecture 9 10 .mobile ad-hoc routing protocols
Mobile ad-hoc networks have frequent host and topology changes with no cellular infrastructure and require multi-hop wireless links for data transmission between nodes. Routing protocols must discover routes between nodes that may not be directly connected. Table-driven protocols like Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) and Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP) maintain up-to-date routing tables through periodic broadcasts but generate significant control overhead. DSDV uses sequence numbers to distinguish stale routes and avoid loops while WRP maintains four tables for routing information.
Similar to Toward reliable data delivery for highly (20)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
Load aware and load balancing using aomdv routing in manet
Load aware and load balancing using aomdv routing in manet
A Review on Geographical Location Based Energy Efficient Direction Restricted...
A Review on Geographical Location Based Energy Efficient Direction Restricted...
Destination Aware APU Strategy for Geographic Routing in MANET
Destination Aware APU Strategy for Geographic Routing in MANET
MDSR to Reduce Link Breakage Routing Overhead in MANET Using PRM
MDSR to Reduce Link Breakage Routing Overhead in MANET Using PRM
MDSR to Reduce Link Breakage Routing Overhead in MANET Using PRM
MDSR to Reduce Link Breakage Routing Overhead in MANET Using PRM
LOAD BALANCING AND PROVIDING SECURITY USING RSA IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
LOAD BALANCING AND PROVIDING SECURITY USING RSA IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS
Consistent Data Release in MANET Using Light Weight Verification Algorithm wi...
Consistent Data Release in MANET Using Light Weight Verification Algorithm wi...
Integrated Resource Adaptive On Demand Geographic Routing (IRA-ODGR) for MANET
Integrated Resource Adaptive On Demand Geographic Routing (IRA-ODGR) for MANET
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
Progressive Routing Protocol using Hybrid Analysis for MANETs
Progressive Routing Protocol using Hybrid Analysis for MANETs
Progressive Routing Protocol using Hybrid Analysis for MANETs
Progressive Routing Protocol using Hybrid Analysis for MANETs
Performance Evaluation and Comparison of Ad-Hoc Source Routing Protocols
Performance Evaluation and Comparison of Ad-Hoc Source Routing Protocols
More from IMPULSE_TECHNOLOGY
17
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N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
16
This document discusses energy-efficient strategies for cooperative multichannel MAC protocols. It introduces Distributed Information SHaring (DISH), which helps nodes make decisions by sharing information with neighboring nodes. This approach was shown to significantly increase throughput but had not addressed energy efficiency. The paper proposes two strategies: in-situ energy conscious DISH which uses existing nodes, and altruistic DISH which uses additional nodes called altruists. Evaluation shows altruistic DISH conserves 40-80% of energy, maintains throughput advantages, and more than doubles cost efficiency compared to protocols without this strategy. In-situ energy conscious DISH is only suitable in limited scenarios.
15
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
25
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
24
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
23
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
22
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
21
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
20
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
19
CTVS is a novel data extraction and alignment method that combines tag and value similarity to extract data from query result pages. It first identifies and segments query result records in the pages and aligns them into a table with data values from the same attribute in the same column. CTVS handles cases where records are not contiguous due to auxiliary information and any nested structures within records. It also designs a new record alignment algorithm that aligns attributes pairwise and holistically using tag and value similarity. Experimental results show CTVS achieves high precision and outperforms existing methods.
18
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
16
The document discusses a new algorithm for topic mining over asynchronous text sequences. The algorithm aims to explore correlations between multiple related text sequences that may have different time stamps. It consists of two alternating steps: 1) extracting common topics from sequences based on adjusted time stamps, and 2) adjusting time stamps according to the discovered topic time distributions. The approach is evaluated on research papers and news articles, demonstrating effectiveness in identifying topics across asynchronously published documents.
15
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
14
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
13
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
12
The document presents a new approach called TSCAN for temporally summarizing topics from a collection of documents. TSCAN first derives the major themes of a topic from the eigenvectors of a temporal block association matrix. It then extracts significant events and their summaries for each theme by examining the eigenvectors. Finally, it associates the extracted events based on their temporal closeness and context similarity to form an evolution graph of the topic. Experiments on the TDT4 corpus show that temporal summaries generated by TSCAN present topics in a comprehensible form and are superior to existing summarization methods based on human references.
11
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
10
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
9
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
8
For further details contact:
N.RAJASEKARAN B.E M.S 9841091117,9840103301.
IMPULSE TECHNOLOGIES,
Old No 251, New No 304,
2nd Floor,
Arcot road ,
Vadapalani ,
Chennai-26.
www.impulse.net.in
Email: ieeeprojects@yahoo.com/ imbpulse@gmail.com
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- 1. Toward Reliable Data Delivery for Highly Dynamic Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Abstract— This paper addresses the problem of delivering data packets for highly dynamic mobile ad hoc networks in a reliable and timely manner. Most existing ad hoc routing protocols are susceptible to node mobility, especially for large-scale networks. Driven by this issue, we propose an efficient Position-based Opportunistic Routing (POR) protocol which takes advantage of the stateless property of geographic routing and the broadcast nature of wireless medium. When a data packet is sent out, some of the neighbor nodes that have overheard the transmission will serve as forwarding candidates, and take turn to forward the packet if it is not relayed by the specific best forwarder within a certain period of time. By utilizing such in-the-air backup, communication is maintained without being interrupted. The additional latency incurred by local route recovery is greatly reduced and the duplicate relaying caused by packet reroute is also decreased. In the case of communication hole, a Virtual Destination-based Void Handling (VDVH) scheme is further proposed to work together with POR. Reasons for the proposal : Traditional topology-based MANET routing protocols (e.g., DSDV, AODV, DSR ) are quite susceptible to node mobility. One of the main reasons is due to the predetermination of an end-to-end route before data transmission. Owing to the constantly and even fast changing network topology, it is very difficult to maintain a deterministic route. The discovery and recovery procedures are also time and energy consuming. Once the path breaks, data packets will get lost or be delayed for a long time until the reconstruction of the route, causing transmission
- 2. interruption. Hence a method for Reliable Data Delivery for Highly Dynamic Mobile Ad Hoc Networks is required. Existing system : Two known systems are : Geographic routing (GR) uses location information to forward data packets, in a hop-by-hop routing fashion. No end-to-end routes need to be maintained, leading to GR’s high efficiency and scalability. Greedy forwarding is used to select next hop forwarder with the largest positive progress toward the destination while void handling mechanism is triggered to route around communication voids. GPSR (a very famous geographic routing protocol), the MAC-layer failure feedback is used to offer the packet another chance to reroute. Demerits : However, GR is very sensitive to the inaccuracy of location information . In the operation of greedy forwarding, the neighbor which is relatively far away from the sender is chosen as the next hop. If the node moves out of the sender’s coverage area, the transmission will fail. However, the methodology GPSR reveals that it is still incapable of keeping up with the performance when node mobility increases. Proposed system : In this paper, a novel Position-based Opportunistic Routing (POR) protocol is proposed, in which several forwarding candidates cache the packet that has been received using MAC interception. If the best forwarder does not forward the packet in certain time slots, suboptimal candidates will take turn to forward the packet
- 3. according to a locally formed order. In this way, as long as one of the candidates succeeds in receiving and forwarding the packet, the data transmission will not be interrupted. Potential multipaths are exploited on the fly on a perpacket basis, leading to POR’s excellent robustness.