The document discusses the macro perspective of tourism and hospitality from a systems perspective. It describes the key components that make up the tourism system, including human components (tourists), industrial components (transportation, accommodation, ancillary services, sales/distribution), geographical elements (generating regions, transit regions, destinations), and environmental components (economic, political, technological, social/cultural, legal, environmental factors). Together, the interaction of these various components forms an integrated tourism system.

1. MACRO PERSPECTIVE OF
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
TOURISM SYSTEM

2. TOURISM SYSTEM
HUMAN COMPONENTS
INDUSTRIAL COMPONENTS
GEOGRAPHICAL ELEMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS

3. HUMAN COMPONENTS
TOURIST
• comprises of tourists
• tourists - “a temporary visitor, intending to spend
overnight at a destination, away from his usual
place of residence for purposes such as leisure,
business or recreation.
TOURISM SYSTEM

4. TOURISM INDUSTRY
The tourism industry is fundamentally a
synergy between its four sectors.
INDUSTRIAL COMPONENTS
TOURISM SYSTEM

5. TOURISM INDUSTRY
INDUSTRIAL COMPONENTS
TOURISM SYSTEM
TRANSPORTATION
ACCOMMODATION
ANCILLARY SERVICES
SALES AND DISTRIBUTION

6. TOURISM INDUSTRY
TRANSPORTATION
•Transportation has made travel possible.
•Have made travel quicker and comfortable.
1

7. TOURISM INDUSTRY
TRANSPORTATION
Transport is divided into
• Air
• Land (Roadways and Railways)
• Water Tourists require travel at three destination
points.
1

8. TOURISM INDUSTRY
ACCOMMODATION
2
•Comprises of establishments providing
lodging facilities to the tourists.

9. TOURISM INDUSTRY
ACCOMMODATION
2
•includes hotels, Bed and breakfast inns,
motels, resorts, homestays and the like.

10. TOURISM INDUSTRY
ACCOMMODATION
2
•The accommodation varies in terms of
amenities
•(Budget hotel or resort),
•location (city centre or airport hotels) and
many more

11. TOURISM INDUSTRY
ANCILLARY SERVICES
3
•Tourist Publication (Online and Offline):
•Public Services and Amenities:
•Financial Services:
•Entertainment:

12. Tourist Publication
•Knowledge about the destination both
before and during the visit .

13. Tourist Publication
•The information should give details
about the dos and don’ts at the
destination/place.

14. Tourist Publication
•This will help in familiarizing tourists
with the destination beforehand.

15. Public Services and Amenities
•A destination’s infrastructure should
suffice the requirements of the
tourists.

16. Public Services and Amenities
•It includes well-built roads with
•accurate signage
•sewage facilities
•availability of potable water
•communication facilities
•medical facilities(hospitals)

17. Financial Services
•Tourists require funds to arrange for
their travel.

18. Financial Services
•Foreign exchange becomes important in
the case of inbound tourism.

19. Financial Services
•Besides this, the availability of ATMs
and banks at various locations in a
destination is very important.

20. Entertainment
•It includes facilities for recreation
and enjoyment such as
•gaming arenas
•Theatres
•casinos, etc.

21. TOURISM INDUSTRY
SALES AND DISTRIBUTION
4
• Tourism sales distribution is carried
out through service providers like
hotels, airlines, travel agents, tour
operators, and many more

22. GEOGRAPHICAL ELEMENTS
TOURISM SYSTEM
Traveller
Generating
Region
Transit
Route
Region
Tourist
Destination
Region

23. GEOGRAPHICAL
ELEMENTS
Traveller Generating Region
•It is the generating market for tourism
and acts as a push force to stimulate and
inspire journeys.

24. GEOGRAPHICAL
ELEMENTS
Traveller Generating Region
•It is from here that the traveler searches
for information makes reservations, and
departs from

25. GEOGRAPHICAL
ELEMENTS
Transit Route Region
• It comprises of lodging facilities like
• motels
• F&B services (restaurants).
• It may also include intermediate attractions
which may be visited en-route the final
destination.

26. GEOGRAPHICAL
ELEMENTS
Tourist Destination Region
•The tourist destination region is the
place that a traveler ultimately seeks to
visit.

27. GEOGRAPHICAL
ELEMENTS
Tourist Destination Region
• It acts as a pull force for tourists,
offering a variety of attractions,
rejuvenation, and leisure opportunities.

28. Traveler
Generating
Region
Tourist
Destination
Region
Transit
Route
Region
Departing Travelers
Returning Travelers

29. TOURISM SYSTEM
Environmental Factors
ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
Economic Factors
Legal Factors
Social/Cultural Factors
Technological Factors
Political Factors

30. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
Economic Factors
•there will be growth in tourism
development and new opportunities
will be created for tourism activities.

31. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
Economic Factors
•the income and expenditure of the
tourists will be balanced ensuring
tourist flow.

32. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
Economic Factors
•Economic factors are also directly
related to the general global financial
situation.

33. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
Political Factors
•Political harmony – The tourism system
will function in an effective and
efficient manner.

34. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
Political Factors
• With the government’s proper
planning, there will be enough growth
in the tourism industry.

35. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
Political Factors
•Good relationship with foreign
countries.

36. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
Technological Factors
•Internet technology makes hotel, airline,
and passenger ship bookings/reservations
easier.

37. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
Social/Cultural Factors
•The experience of the tourists depends
upon the receptive nature of the hosts of
the destination.

38. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
Legal Factors
•Laws and Orders act as a framework to
protect the tourists and the
organisations of the tourism industry.

39. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
Legal Factors
•It leads to the proper development
and management of tourism and the
components of the tourism system.

40. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
Legal Factors
•There are laws pertaining to tourism
infrastructure, conservation of natural
rich biodiversity and the cultural
resources

41. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
Environmental Factors
•Negative impacts like pollution, loss of
greeneries, congestion, and
overutilization have a bad impact on
making tourism sustainable for the
future.

42. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
Environmental Factors
•negative impacts have to be eliminated or
reduced by the government to create
awareness about the sustainability of
tourism resources otherwise severe loss
will be exerted on the tourism system

43. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS
Environmental Factors
•Negative impacts like pollution, loss of
greeneries, congestion, over utilisation
creates the imperatives for making
tourism sustainable for the future.
Therefore, such negative impacts have

44. ACTIVITY
½ SHEET OF PAPER
For 10 points
1. Can Tourism and Hospitality Industry
survive without its components? Why
or Why not?
Expound your answer.

45. Tourism multiplier effect - www.howandwhat.net
Tourism Multiplier Effect- Made SIMPLE - Tourism Teacher