This document discusses different network topologies, including bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree. It provides details on the structure and characteristics of each topology. A bus topology connects all nodes to a single communication channel. A star topology connects all nodes to a central hub. A ring topology connects all nodes in a closed loop. A mesh topology uses exclusive point-to-point links between all nodes to provide multiple paths. A tree topology connects nodes in a hierarchical manner like a bus but with a root node.

1. TOPOLOGY
(Computer Network Code:SMCA62)
Mrs. A. Bathsheba Parimala
Asst. Prof. Dept. of BCA

2. RECAP
• Network
• Types of Network
• LAN
• MAN
• WAN

3. Topology
• Geometrical arrangements of nodes
• Types
 BUS
 STAR
 RING
 MESH
 TREE

4. BUS TOPOLOGY
• Nodes are connected to a single
communication channel
• Time shared bus
 Only one pair of nodes to establish
communication at a time
• Efficient and reliable
• Example
 CSMA / CD
 Token Bus

5. Structure of BUS Network
• Ability to connect any number of nodes
• Easy to add and remove
• Easy to maintain

6. Star Topology
• Connected to the central HUB
• Dedicated point to point link
• Server provides connectivity for all nodes
• If the server fails, entire network fails
• Easy implementation
• Centralized control

7. Structure of STAR network

8. RING Topology
• Connected in the form of closed loop
• Unidirectional and Bidirectional
• Pros
 Short cable length
 Suitable for OFC
 Flexibility to add new nodes
• Cons
 Single node failure leads to network failure
 Difficulty in diagnosing faults
 Non adaptability to structural changes

9. Structure of RING network

10. MESH Topology
• Exclusive point to point link
• More than one path for data
• Useful when frequent data sent from a node
• Excessive amount of bandwidth
• Inherent fault tolerance

11. Structure of Mesh Network

12. TREE Topology
• Another form of BUS topology
• Connected in hierarchical form
• Parent Child relationship
• Root node is powerful
• Ease of expansion, Identification
• Isolation of faulty nodes
• Cons
 Highly dependent on the root node

13. Structure of Tree Network