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TOPIC 4 DEFENSE MECHANISMS.pptx
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- 2. What are defencemechanisms? Defence mechanisms are unconscious mental techniques used by the ego to keep conflicts out o the conscious mind, thus decreasing anxiety and maintaining a person’s sense o safety, equilibrium , and self -esteem
- 3. More mature defencemechanisms Altruism Humour Sublimation suppression
- 4. Commonly Used DefenseMechanisms Altruism Assisting others to avoid negative personal feelings A man with a poor self-image, who is a social worker during the week, donates every other weekend to charity work
- 5. Humor Expressing personallyuncomfortable feelings without causing emotional discomfort A man who is concerned about his erectile problems makes jokes about Viagra (sildenafil citrate)
- 6. Commonly Used DefenseMechanisms Suppression Deliberately pushing personally unacceptable emotions out of conscious awareness (the only defense mechanism that includes some aspect of consciousness) Deliberately putting aside without repressing A medical student taking a review course for the United States Medical Licensing Examination mentally changes the subject when her mind wanders to the exam during a lecture
- 7. Sublimation Rerouting anunacceptable drive in socially acceptable way A man whose daughter was killed by a drunk driver regularly speaks to high school students about the dangers of drinking and driving
- 8. Commonly Used DefenceMechanisms Acting out Avoiding personally unacceptable emotions by behaving in an attention-getting, often socially inappropriate manner Example A depressed 14-year-old girl with no history of conduct disorder has sexual encounters with multiple partners after her parents’ divorce
- 9. Commonly Used DefenceMechanisms Denial Not accepting aspects of reality that the person finds unbearable A man who has a problem with alcohol insists that he is only a social drinker
- 10. Commonly Used DefenceMechanisms Displacement Moving emotions from a personally intolerable situation to one that is personally tolerable A surgeon with unacknowledged anger toward his sister is abrasive to the female residents on his service Attacking a drunk in the street after child killed by drunk driver
- 11. Dissociation Mentally separatingpart of one’s consciousness from real-life events or mentally distancing oneself from others Although he was not injured, a teenager has no memory of a car accident in which he was driving and his girlfriend was killed, 2 different personalities after abuse as a child
- 12. Commonly Used DefenseMechanisms Idealization Seeing others as more competent or powerful than they are A patient tells the doctor that he is not worried because he is sure that the doctor will always know what to do
- 13. Commonly Used DefenseMechanisms Identification (introjection) Unconsciously patterning one’s behavior after that of someone more powerful (can be either positive or negative) A man who was terrorized by his gym teacher as a child becomes a punitive, critical gym teacher (identification with the aggressor) A man who had a punitive father always insults his son
- 14. Projection Attributing one’sown personally unacceptable feelings to others Associated with paranoid symptoms and prejudice A man with unconscious homosexual impulses begins to believe that a male colleague is attracted to him
- 15. Intellectualization Using themind’s higher functions to avoid experiencing emotion A sailor whose boat is about to sink calmly explains the technical aspects of the hull damage in great detail to the other crew members
- 16. Commonly Used DefenseMechanisms Isolation of affect Failing to experience the feelings associated with a stressful life event, although logically understanding the significance of the event Without showing any emotion A woman tells her family the results of tests that indicate her lung cancer has metastasized
- 17. Commonly Used DefenceMechanisms Rationalization Distorting one’s perception of an event so that its negative outcome seems reasonable A man who loses an arm in an accident says the loss of his arm was good because it kept him from getting in trouble with the law After failing behavioural sciences states it is not important
- 18. Reaction formation Adoptingopposite attitudes to avoid personally unacceptable emotions, i.e., unconscious hypocrisy A woman who unconsciously is resentful of the responsibilities of child rearing overspends on expensive gifts and clothing for her children, when you like a co-worker and start picking fights with her
- 19. Commonly Used DefenseMechanisms Regression Reverting to behavior patterns like those seen in someone of a younger age A woman insists that her husband stay overnight in the hospital with her before surgery
- 20. Splitting Categorizing people orsituations into categories of either “fabulous” or “dreadful” because of intolerance of ambiguity Seen in patients with borderline personality disorder A patient tells the doctor that while all of the doctors in the group practice are wonderful, all of the nurses and office help are unfriendly and curt
- 21. Somatization Turning unacceptablefeeling or impulse into physical symptoms Example diarrhoea when results almost out Headache in the morning of interview
- 22. Commonly Used DefenceMechanisms Undoing Believing that one can magically reverse past events caused by “incorrect” behavior by now adopting “correct” behavior, e.g., atonement, confession, or penance. Seen in obsessive– compulsive disorder A woman who stole money from a friend, confesses to the theft, returns the money, and then feels compelled to offer to drive the friend to and from work for a year
- 23. TRANSFERENCE REACTIONS Transferenceand counter transference are unconscious mental attitudes based on important past personal relationships In positive transference, the patient has confidence in the doctor. If intense, the patient may over idealize the doctor or develop sexual feelings toward the doctor.
- 24. In negativetransference, the patient may become resentful or angry toward the doctor if the patient’s desires and expectations are not realized. This may lead to poor adherence to medical advice In countertransference, feelings about a patient who reminds the doctor of a close friend or relative can interfere with the doctor’s medical judgment
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