Topic 11 sociol development policy

 INTRODUCTION
Do you know that the development of the country, especially in a social sense, is
heavily influenced by actions and policies which have been carried out by the
government for decades ever since Independence? With these efforts, it can be
seen that social development is continuously changing according to the needs of
the times. What are these social policies? As a Malaysian citizen involved in social
development, you should be aware of the objectives and role of these policies, in
order to know the direction the government is taking towards social
development. This allows us to contribute towards the nationÊs social
development.
NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY
The national education policy was drafted to replace the colonialistsÊ education
system. The National Education Policy was established as a result of the Razak
Statement 1956, and was enshrined in the Education Ordinance 1957. This
education policy was re-examined in 1960. As a result, the Rahman Talib Report
was produced. The Rahman Talib Report was then enshrined in the Education Act
11.1
TTooppiicc 1111  Social
Development
Policy
2. Identify the importance and role of each social policy implemented;
and
3. Apply learnt strategies and policies to daily life to support the
governmentÊs aspirations.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of this topic, you should be able to:
1. Outline social policies that have been carried out by the government
of Malaysia;

TOPIC 11 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY  181
1961. Later, a Cabinet Committee was formed in 1974 to restudy the Education
Policy in order to improve its implementation to produce a united and disciplined
society and meet the demands for a trained workforce in developing the country.
The CommitteeÊs Report was published in 1979.
ACTIVITY 11.1
Why did Malaya need to establish her own national education policy?
What form of education system existed during the colonial era? Discuss.
The development of the education system during the colonial era did not take into
consideration the needs for development, national identity and unity. The
education system of the time focused more on maintaining the loyalties of the
immigrants and their descendants to their homeland and suppressed the spirit to
develop among the locals.
This system was finally changed when Malaya achieved independence. Therefore,
steps were taken to draft a national system of education suited for an independent
nation and possessing goals that displayed the identity of a sovereign country.
11.1.1 What are the Objectives of the National
Education Policy?
The objectives of this policy are:
(a) The Education Act 1961 states ÂTruly the education system as declared in the
Education Ordinance 1957 is to form a system of education that will fulfil
the nationÊs needs and encourage cultural, social, economic and political
developmentsÊ.
This objective is stated in general, but in implementing it, the Education
Ministry which was guided by the Razak Statement 1956 and Rahman Talib
Report 1960 interpreted it as uniting schoolchildren of various races and
providing a workforce (ÂworkforceÊ is the term used by the Cabinet
Committee) for economic needs.
(b) The Cabinet Committee was formed with fixed duties. This mirrors the hope
that the Education Policy can fulfil the countryÊs workforce in the short term
and long term to produce a united, disciplined and trained society. The
National Education Philosophy, which was based on the intentions and
aspirations of the country, stresses on efforts to produce knowledgeable
individuals of good behaviour, balanced and in harmony, who can achieve

 TOPIC 11 SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY182
well-being and contribute to the harmony and prosperity of the society and
the nation.
11.1.2 Implementation Strategies
To realize the goals of the National Education Policy, the following strategies
must be implemented:
(a) Making the national language the main medium of instruction.
(b) Creating a standard curriculum that is Malaysia-oriented for all types of
schools.
(c) Creating a standard system of examinations for all.
(d) Streamlining procedures on education management.
(e) Increasing the overall quality of education by providing a comprehensive,
balanced and integrated education.
(f) Creating basic education opportunities for nine years.
(g) Creating a fair system of education in terms of quality and opportunities by
distributing allocations equally and giving special focus on the less fortunate
and inhabitants in rural and interior areas.
(h) Providing primary education according to the Primary Schools New
Curriculum (KBSR) which is based on 3M reading (Membaca), writing
(Menulis) and counting (Mengira) that was initiated in 1989. The main aim
of this new curriculum was to give birth to individuals balanced in terms of
knowledge and suitable skills with strong morals and ethical values.
(i) Expand vocational and technical education through the restructuring of the
Vocational Schools curriculum which occurred in 1978.
(j) Diversify and increase the number of education facilities at university levels,
especially in applied sciences and applied arts fields.
(k) Improving spiritual, moral and disciplinary education.
(l) Making the national language and English compulsory subjects in schools
and giving opportunities to study other languages like Chinese and Tamil.
(m) Encouraging co-curricular activities that cultivate discipline, like army
cadets, police cadets, scouts, girl guides and others.

ACTIVITY 11.2
(a) In Malaysia, there are national-type schools for the Chinese and
Indians. What are your views on the forming of national-type
schools that use mother tongues as the medium of instruction? What
are the long-term effects on the education system of Malaysia?
(b) ÂUnity among the multiracial population in Malaysia is good enough
but would be better if Malay, Chinese and Indian children could
interact and learn under one roof since youngÊ. This statement refers
to the forming of Chinese and Tamil national-type schools. What are
your views? Discuss.
(c) What are your views on the teaching of Mathematics and Science in
English?
NATIONAL CULTURE POLICY11.2
Every day we eat, dress, socialise, converse and so on. The question is: How are
we different from the other races in the way we eat, dress, interact and socialise?
You should be able to understand what a culture is by answering the question.
Culture is the overall way of life practised by people. It plays an important
function in the development process of the country where MalaysiaÊs character
has to be cultivated in an effort to improve socio-economic and political
development. This would surely require the garnering and involvement of all
layers of society in one continuous process.
For a multiracial country like Malaysia, the process of forming a national culture
requires diligent and careful planning to produce a Malaysianised society.
Look around you and observe if the Malays, Chinese, Indians and other
pribumis share similarities in attire, cuisine, conversation, rituals or
festivals? If they donÊt, why and what are the differences?
ACTIVITY 11.3

11.2.1 Why Does Malaysia Need a National Culture?
The creation of the National Culture Policy is important for a developing nation
with a multiracial population like Malaysia. This policy will function as the
guideline in forming a Malaysian identity as a country in the eyes of the world.
The Malaysian National Culture will be based on the three elements and
principles set by the government as the National Culture Policy. These principles
are:
(a) Based on the cultures of the Original inhabitants of the region. This region,
which encompasses Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei,
Thailand, Cambodia as well as the South Pacific Islands (Polynesia,
Melanesia and Oceania) right up to Malagasy, forms the bulk of the Malay
civilisation and culture. This region has been the centre for the diaspora,
spread and heritage of the Malay culture for ages and is marked by the glory
of the Malay civilisation centred in Malacca which used Bahasa Melayu as
the lingua franca.
The culture of the region is charecterised by similarities in languages based
on Bahasa Melayu Austronesia family, geographical position, historical
experiences, abundance of resources, arts and character values. The Malay
culture today is a way of life a symbol of identity and character yardstick to
more than 200 million people who speak the same stock of language. Hence
the culture of the original inhabitants, the Malay culture, in a narrow or
wide sense, was made the basis of the national culture.
(b) Elements of other cultures that are suitable and appropriate can be accepted
as something dynamic, constantly evolving according to assimilation and
continuous adaptation. This principle is suited to the situation of having a
multiracial society that has inherited various cultures. Hence Chinese,
Indian, Arabic, Western and other cultures that are suitable and appropriate
are considered and accepted in the forming of the national culture. The
suitability is based on the fact that the elements do not contradict the
Constitution and Rukun Negara principles and national interests, as well as
common moral and spiritual values and Islam as the official religion.
(c) Islam is an important element in forming the national culture. Religion and
belief in God is an important factor in the countryÊs development process as
well as the forming of a noble and conscientious society. Islam provides
moral guidelines to humans in balancing and unifying efforts to fulfil their
emotional and physical needs and thus should be a vital component in the
National Culture. It is also the official religion of the country, and its values
have historically been widely embraced by a large part of the community in

the region. The acceptance of the National Culture Congress 1971
symbolises the three basic principles above.
The forming of MalaysiaÊs National Culture is aimed to achieve three
important objectives:
(a) Strengthen racial and national unity through cultures;
(b) Cultivate and preserve the nationÊs character that arise from the
National Culture; and
(c) Enrich and increase the quality of life and spirituality that is balanced
with socio-economic development.
11.2.2 POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
The strategies and objective implementation of this policy can be achieved
through:
(a) Rehabilitation, preservation and development of culture towards
strengthening the fundamentals of the national culture through joint efforts
in research, development, education, and cultural expansion and
communication;
(b) Increase and strengthen leadership of culture through efforts in guiding and
training interested parties, widely support and promote culture as effective
development machinery;
(c) Create an effective communication to build awareness of the country,
nationhood and nationalism;
(d) Fulfil socio-cultural needs; and
(e) Improve the standards and quality of the arts.
Besides the Ministry of Culture, Arts and Tourism, the involvement of other
parties is also important in the implementation of this policy. These parties
include central government ministries and department, state governments,
statutory bodies, the private sector and cultural associations. The role of the
Ministry of Culture, Arts and Tourism in the implementation of the goals
and strategies of this policy is important. Among others, the ministry
manages research and development, promotion, education and the
expansion of arts and communications towards the development of the
national culture. These efforts can be achieved through:

 Developmental activities.
 Cultural performances by the National Culture Complex as the organiser
and secretariat for international cultural communications.
 State Cultural Councils.
 Advice for strengthening cultural associations and cooperation with
international bodies.
The role of Ministries, Departments, State governments and other statutory
bodies is equally important in implementing the policyÊs strategy in the
daily management and implementation of current policies. The private
sectors and cultural associations are needed to carry out efforts to develop
and advance culture at respective organisational levels and subsequently
sponsor cultural programmes or projects.
(a) In this day and age of globalisation, many cultures are brought into
Malaysia, especially through the mass media. In your opinion, what
are the effects of these foreign cultures on the local Malaysian culture?
(b) In your opinion, is the practise of joint celebrations of kongsi raya still
relevant in this era of globalisation?
ACTIVITY 11.4
NATIONAL FAMILY POLICY11.3
Do you know that a strong family institution influences the stability of the society
and country? The strengthening of the institution can only be achieved through
the cultivation of love and care in every family member. Through love and care,
there can be mutual feelings of respect, empathy and responsibility between one
another. This will also reveal the fact that every family member, from
grandparents to parents down to their children, needs to enjoy a healthy, safe and
happy life. To achieve this intention, the National Family Policy (NFP) was
introduced to focus on the well-being of the family unit, and this is proof that the
government is earnestly trying to fortify the family institution in line with the
national development.
The National Family Policy (NFP) prioritises the well-being of the family in an
effort to develop the family institution based on noble values to strengthen and
stabilise families through the increase in the potential and capabilities of family
members and the society.

The objective of NEP is to develop capable and healthy families to produce a
quality and noble generation. This is through the strong support and endeavour
of all parties in prioritising the well-being of families.
11.3.1 The Rationale behind the Creation of the
National Family Policy
The National Family Policy is established for the following reasons:
(a) Total and comprehensive family development, encompassing physical,
mental, social, emotional and spiritual development at all levels in the
family cycle.
(b) Efforts to acknowledge and support the roles, rights and responsibilities and
functions of each family member to develop strong, stable and harmonious
families. The family is the most basic unit in providing a platform for the
development of character and human resources to drive the countryÊs
progress. Hence, the government and all relevant parties must provide
protection, services and support to empower families to use their inherent
strengths to produce high quality and noble human resources.
(c) Identify, prioritise, and guide and encourage families to instil, appreciate,
cultivate and practise noble and family values. The practise of noble values
among family members has to be spread and reinforced in the educational
institutions, community and workplace.
(d) The family is the institution that will hand down values and morals to future
generations. Thus, a family culture full of caring, fairness and equality
where each member shares the burden and responsibilities regardless of
gender can be created, strengthened and spread. This culture should
develop and maintain cooperation and equal sharing of resources in a
family.
(e) Emphasis should also be placed on rights and protection by the law to
preserve the prosperity and security of family members. An individualÊs
right to be respected with pride and dignity in a family is protected by the
law.
(f) This policy can provide a guide and reminder, increase social commitment
and responsibilities among all parties to prioritise on the well-being of the
family.

11.3.2 General Objectives
The objective of the NFP is to give priority to the well being of the family in
national development, based on noble values, by strengthening and stabilising the
family institution through the support of all parties to provide policies,
legislations, programmes, services, facilities and a friendly family environment.
11.3.3 Specific Objectives
The following are the specific objectives of the NFP:
(a) Ensure all parties prioritise family well-being in the countryÊs development
policies and programmes.
(b) Provide and widen family development programmes and services, facilities
as well as family support to strengthen and stabilise the family institution.
(c) Ensure the absorption and appreciation of noble values are made the
foundation of Malaysian families to produce quality and noble generations.
(d) Increase the garnering of support and resources among all parties to
prioritise family well-being.
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES11.4
To implement the National Family Policy, the following strategies could be
implemented:
 Advocacy of family first
 Re-examine all legislations, policies, procedures, and programmes to instil
family closeness
 Training and research for excellent family development
 Consultation and smart sharing
 Research and development
 Providing facilities and environment to empower families
11.4.1 Advocacy of Family First
Through advocacy, empathy and desire should be increased to prioritise the
family in development policies and programmes by leaders, policy-makers,

decision-makers in the public and private sectors, community leaders and family
members.
11.4.2 Re-examine All Legislations, Policies,
Procedures and Programmes to Instil Family
Closeness
This strategy will move the initiative and provide support to all efforts to
examine, restudy and amend policies, laws, programmes and rules to encourage
family closeness.
11.4.3 Training and Research for Excellent Family
Development
Training and research for excellent family development is important for the
following reasons:
(a) Provide opportunities and avenues for families to join the Excellent Family
Development Training and Education programme that is comprehensive
and gender-sensitive.
(b) Encourage families to possess knowledge and increase various relevant
skills to develop individuals who think scientifically and progressively with
proper morals to achieve prosperity.
(c) Provide various education and formal and informal training methods that
are creative and effective, including the use of the latest information
technology and communication to enable family members to gain
knowledge and skills.
11.4.4 Consultation and Smart Sharing
Consultation and smart sharing exists between various government agencies, the
private sector, non-statutory bodies, institutions of higher education and the
community. This strategy can create a mechanism at national level to increase:
(a) Understanding and commitment to drive programmes by the private and
public sectors and the community that prioritise families.
(b) Strong and integrated cooperation between involved parties.
(c) To speed up implementation of programmes that prioritise families through
sharing of information, experts, technical sources, coaches and trainers, and

financial sources among the government, private sector, non-statutory
bodies, research institutions and institutions of higher education.
(d) Non-governmental organisations can also implement programmes at the
grassroot level throughout the country with the existence of technical and
financial sources.
11.4.5 Research and Development
This strategy will encourage:
(a) Basic research, integrated and applicable in family development where the
results can be used as input for forming policies and programmes.
(b) Implementation and increase in research and development in family
development by government agencies, private sector, institutions of higher
education and government bodies.
11.4.6 Providing Facilities and Environment to
Empower Families
Through this strategy, efforts to create sharing, exchanges, gathering and
increment of various sources to handle service programmes and activities as well
as family-friendly facilities can be implemented. This strategy can also hasten the
implementation of programmes as the facilities get readily-available resources.
(a) Give the role of the media in family development in Malaysia. What
are the steps in creating a caring society among Malaysians?
(b) The continued development that is occurring of late is seemingly
sidelining the forming of cultural values on individual personalities,
making them immature. The continued emphasis on an economy
that stresses on the importance of materialism, development that
highlights sophisticated infrastructures, as well as an education
sector that stresses on academic excellence have resulted in the
decline of social development and cultivation of noble values. What
are your views on the issue?
ACTIVITY 11.5

NATIONAL WOMEN’S POLICY11.5
The participation of women in the workforce has increased since 1957, where
women have been involved in almost all types of occupation, so much so that this
group made up 34.7% of the overall workforce in 2000, compared to only 24.5% at
the beginning of Independence.
The contribution of women in the development of the country cannot be denied.
In fact, their role has been prominent ever since Independence. This achievement
is in line with the challenges of globalisation. The class which was once perceived
as the weakest group has now progressed to play an important role in making the
nation a success. As the saying goes: The hand that rocks the cradle can shake the
worldÊ. Women also have the power to determine the direction of the country. In
Malaysia, 7.4 million women work and this shows that they are contributing to
the countryÊs development. Being an important asset of the country, the
government does not want to waste the potential of women. Thus, it introduced
the National WomenÊs Policy to guarantee the status and rights of women in the
countryÊs development.
Considering that women are a potential source for development that were only
recently acknowledged, this policy is meant to provide a guide and direction to
plan and implement all development programmes to ensure the importance and
participation of women are not neglected in the modern society.
Women have long played an active role as supporters of the countryÊs politics.
Development is a process that requires the full involvement of men and women.
Therefore this policy repeats the stand that stresses on the active and meaningful
participation of women in politics.
This policy takes into account interests, efforts and involvement of the
government, demands by associations to support several resolutions at
international stages, the demands of women organisations in Malaysia as well as
the forming of movers at the Central government stage, the Secretariat of
WomenÊs Affairs (HAWA).
11.5.1 Documents Referred during the Forming of the
National Women’s Policy
Several important documents were referred to during the formation of the
National WomenÊs Policy. Among the important ones were:
(a) The resolutions of the United NationsÊ World End-of-Decade Summit on
Women (1975-1985) which took place in Nairobi, Kenya in 1985 themed

ÂForward Looking StrategiesÊ to face the year 2000. The resolutions
contained in this international publication have already been fully accepted
by the Malaysian government.
(b) Statement of Policy by Commonwealth Secretariat on women and
development, signed by Commonwealth Heads of Government in Nassau,
Bahamas in 1985.
(c) Commonwealth Plan of Action to support the effectiveness of the Policy
above which was verified by the Malaysian Government at the
Commonwealth Heads of Government in 1987 at Vancouver, Canada.
(d) Recommendations made by the Summit of Ministers Responsible for
WomenÊs Affairs in Harare, Zimbabwe in 1987 that called on every
government to form a policy on women and development that was to be
integrated into national development programmes.
(e) Working Paper prepared by the National Advisory Council on Integration
of Women in Development (NACIWID) and approved by the Council in its
meeting on 31st January 1986. At state level, several consultations and
seminars were held by HAWA and the National Council of WomenÊs
Organisations of Malaysia (NCWO) to reach an agreement and support on
these international recommendations. The involvement of the government
was received at all levels of these efforts.
11.5.2 Goals of the National Women’s Policy
The following are goals of the National WomenÊs Policy:
(a) To guarantee the equal sharing of sources, information, opportunities to
participate and benefits of development to men and women. The goal of
similarities and equality must be made the basis of development policies
that are people-oriented, thus ensuring that women who constitute half of
the countryÊs population can contribute and achieve their potential fully.
(b) To integrate women in all national development factors in line with
capability and needs of women to increase quality of life, eradicate poverty,
eradicate ignorance and illiteracy and uphold the countryÊs peace,
prosperity and harmony.

ACTIVITY 11.6
In your opinion, is Malaysia capable achieving at least 30% women
participation in all levels of decision-making in the country? Discuss and
share your opinion in class.
11.5.3 Main Principles and Guide of the National
Women’s Policy
The following are the main principles and guide of the National WomenÊs Policy:
(a) This womenÊs policy has to be standardised with the national development
policy, which is based on the nobleness of the constitution that is related to
basic rights, protection by the law, unity and freedom. This policy also
prioritises the active participation and involvement of women and men in
development, whether at planning stages or implementation stages and
impact evaluation.
(b) This policy also takes into account the potential of manpower of which half
comprises women. The expansion and integration of the women workforce
must not be restricted to traditional sectors only, but to also include all
economic, social, political and cultural sectors and layers.
(c) Efforts to integrate women into development have to be a joint
responsibility between government and non-government sectors. The
implementation of this policy is a general function, not restricted to one
gender sector or agency only.
(d) The special needs of women are not jeopardised; maternal and familial
responsibilities should not be sacrificed and the honour and respect for
women are not neglected.
(e) WomenÊs level of education and knowledge is increased in line with their
roles and involvement in the modern and dynamic society and world.
(f) Any gender discrimination that puts women at a disadvantage is eradicated
in decision making and further actions.
(g) All information on targets and effects of development programmes must
contain data on its effectiveness on women.

ACTIVITY 11.7
In your opinion, do women need to be given opportunities and a wider
space in the development of the country?
NATIONAL YOUTH POLICY11.6
11.6.1 Introduction
Did you know that according to the National Youth Policy, in the year 2000, the
youths categorised as people between the ages 15 and 40, constituted 42.1% of the
Malaysian population? At this time, youths are the driving force in various fields
including politics, economics, society, sports and education. The percentage of
youths working in the professional and technical areas has increased from 6.7 in
1995 to 7.9 in 2000. In fact, a Cabinet Committee on Youths has been set up at
ministerial level.
The National Youth Policy which was drafted in 1985 was re-examined in 1997
and replaced with the National Youth development Policy in efforts to garner
youth potential as a whole. This youth development policy targeted youths
between the ages of 18 and 25, based on six strategies belows:
(a) Increase efforts to widen knowledge;
(b) Instil noble values and positive attitudes;
(c) Empower youths with vocational skills;
(d) Improve suitable facilities to encourage healthy social interaction;
(e) Encourage a healthy lifestyle; and
(f) Build spirit of cooperation among government agencies, private sector and
non-governmental organisations (NGO).
11.6.2 Among the Training Provided to Develop
Youths
(a) Leadership training to create quality leaders among the youths. Various
aspects are stressed upon such as negotiation skills, communication
techniques and social interaction, managing events and cultivating positive
habits.

(b) The government has also implemented the national social service
programme that aims to instil patriotism and a spirit of volunteerism among
youths.
(c) At the international stage, initiatives are taken to create a network with
Commonwealth and Asean countries, as well as Japan and South Korea
where the youths are given opportunities and exposure to increase
leadership qualities and skills.
(d) Malaysian youths are also given formal training in skills to ensure they are
capable of contributing productively to the economy. This formal training is
carried out in national youth skills training institutes and industrial training
institutes. The youths are also trained in various technical fields like
mechanical engineering, electrical and electronic engineering as well as
motor mechanics.
(e) The government has also tried to cultivate entrepreneurship potential
among the youths by encouraging them to join entrepreneurial activities;
conduct research and training as well as provide advice to these young
entrepreneurs.
(f) The next project drafted for youth development is the healthy lifestyle
programme. This is to equip the youths with positive values and attitudes
in-line with the current times. Thus the Rakan Muda programme was
launched, which emphasised on physical, spiritual, social and intellectual
development by practising healthy and productive lifestyles.
(g) Youth and sports programmes are also created to produce active and
healthy citizens, through activities such as motor and adventure sports.
Other programmes include cultural programmes.
How can the status of youths in development be fortified? Does Malaysia
need to create an Act related to youths?
ACTIVITY 11.8
NATIONAL INTEGRITY PLAN (NIP)11.7
The NIP was launched on 23 April 2004, by the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Datuk
Seri Abdullah Haji Ahmad Badawi in-line with the fourth goal of Vision 2020, that
is to form a society that has strong religious and spiritual values coupled with
honourable manners.

NIP Objectives are:
(a) Provide direction and guidance for various sectors so that they could
cooperate on major efforts to build a united, harmonious, moral and ethical
society with integrity.
(b) Increase awareness, commitment and cooperation among various sectors in
efforts to raise integrity so that integrity will become a social culture
practised in all fields.
(c) Encourage spirit of responsibility among members of society and propel the
development of a civil society that upholds and values principles of
integrity.
(d) Contribute to the efforts to strengthen moral basics in the society and
country and improve the well-being of the community.
(e) Improve competitiveness and lasting power of Malaysians in efforts to face
challenges of the 21st century, specifically the challenges of globalisation,
more effectively.
To achieve those objectives, the NIP organised and enhanced its targets known as
TEKAD 2008 which will be achieved in a period of 5 years (2004-2008) which are:
Target 1 reduce graft, corruption and abuse of power
Target 2 increase efficiency in the public services system and
overcome bureaucracy-related problems
Target 3 increase corporate administration and management, and
business ethics
Target 4 solidify the family institution
Target 5 increase quality of living and prosperity of society.
11.7.1 Strategies on Implementing Integrity Action
Plan
The whole approach, strategy, and action plan to realise the objectives and targets
of the NIP are part of the countryÊs main agenda, and is now referred to as the
Integrity Agenda. For this, the Malaysian Institute on Integrity will step up
activities on education and awareness of integrity in public and private sectors,
and among members of society so that the principles of integrity are practised in
work and daily life.

(a) Strategy 1: Implementing the Agenda on Integrity for the Family institution
The involvement of families and local communities in enhancing integrity
will guarantee the success of the agenda in making integrity a social culture
in the long term.
The family is the basic unit in forming noble values and behaviour. The
family guides the behaviour and forms and enhances the integrity of its
members. The focus on forming noble values should start at childhood
while parents and guardians should provide guidance and set a good
example to the children. Thus, the family plays an integral part in
inculcating integrity.
The Agenda on Integrity for families is to achieve the following:
(i) Development of family and individuals with integrity through the
building of a happy family;
(ii) Improving integrity in physical and spiritual management; and
(iii) Enhancing noble values as the basis to forming an identity.
(b) Strategy 2: Implementing the Agenda on Integrity for Communities
The institution of family lies in the middle of the local community or society.
The community comprises families and clusters of neighbourhoods that
form a network, which then lead to a bigger community.
The Agenda on Integrity for communities is to achieve the following:
(i) Strengthening of neighbourliness and community values;
(ii) Enhancing the associations and basic institution in the community; and
(iii) Strengthening patriotism and unity among races, as well as awareness
on the conservation of the environment.
(c) Strategy 3: Implementing the Agenda on Integrity for Civil Societies
The space between families and communities and larger institutions,
specifically the country and market forces or economic institutions, is the
space for civil society. Through the process of modernisation, the progress of
the middle class, influence and interaction with the international world and
the impact of globalisation, the civil society space has expanded. Within this
space are various NGOs that fight for various issues like womenÊs rights,
consumers, the environment and human rights.

The Agenda on Integrity for the civil societies is to achieve the following:
(i) Increase of civil society integrity NGO;
(ii) Increase in NGO contribution towards efforts on enhancing integrity;
and
(iii) Strengthen cooperation between NGOs, the government and private
sector to enhance integrity.
(d) Strategy 4: Implementing the Agenda on Integrity for Socio-cultural
Institutions
Socio-cultural institutions, which encompass education (schools, colleges,
universities), health, sports and recreation, mass media, arts, literature and
heritage, also play a part in building and strengthening integrity in society
and country. The Agenda on Integrity for the socio-cultural institutions is to
achieve the following:
(i) Building individuals with integrity in socio-cultural environment;
(ii) Increase of integrity in health, physical and spiritual management; and
(iii) Enhance noble values, unity and forming a national identity.
(e) Strategy 5: Implementing the Agenda on Integrity for Religious Institutions
Malaysia comprises multiracial societies of various religions. The religious
institutions are very important in building the integrity of an individual,
society and the nation. This is done by planting moral and ethical values in
the individual and family based on respective religious teachings. The
diversity in religions in Malaysia should not pose a problem if handled well.
Hence, mutual respect, understanding and cooperation among the
worshippers of various religions should be improved. Noble values with
universal features from the various religions should be highlighted and
practised to improve unity and mutual understanding among the
worshippers.
The Agenda on Integrity for the Religious Institutions is to achieve the
following:
(i) Increase cooperation, understanding and mutual respect among
worshippers of various religions;
(ii) Appreciation and practice of the teachings of the respective religions;
and
(iii) Increase of appreciation and practice of Islamic teachings as a
progressive religion.

(f) Strategy 6: Implementing the Agenda of Integrity for Economic Institutions
Economic Institutions are institutions that prosper the society and country
through process of production and providing work employment
opportunities. Moving in this space are many corporations and large
companies, as well as small and medium enterprises. They have contributed
to the progress of the country and prosperity of Malaysians.
The Agenda on Integrity for the Economic Institutions is to achieve the
following:
(i) Enhance the integrity of the corporate sector;
(ii) Increase the corporate sectorÊs commitment towards social
responsibilities.
(iii) Expand and strengthen an ethical business culture; and
(iv) Strengthen unity among ethic groups and between territories through
economic activities.
(g) Strategy 7: Implementing the Agenda of Integrity on Political Institutions
Malaysia is a country that practises democracy, ruled by an elected
government. This system combines a constitutional monarchy and a multi-
party ruling system at the centre and states with elections held periodically.
This system, implemented since independence, has been proven to be
effective and has successfully brought stability, harmony and development
to the multiracial population.
The Agenda on Integrity for the Political Institutions is to achieve the
following:
(i) Maintain the nobleness of the Constitution and national political
system;
(ii) Maintain sovereignty and status of the institution of Parliament as an
honourable institution that drafts laws;
(iii) The practice of politics with integrity and development of a healthy,
ethical, mature and democratic political culture, according to its own
mix; and
(iv) Enhancing principles of transparency, responsibility and the best
administration and management.

(h) Strategy 8: Implementing the Agenda on Integrity for Administrative
Institutions
The administrative institution in Malaysia is among the best in developing
nations. The administrative machinery, together with the political
machinery, is the backbone of the society and countryÊs strengths.
The Agenda on Integrity for the Administrative Institutions is to achieve the
following:
(i) Enhancing principles of transparency, responsibility and the best
administration and management; and
(ii) Increasing integrity in the public administrative machinery.
ACTIVITY 11.9
Among the objectives of the National Integrity Plan in battling the
problems that arise are to cultivate the practice of integrity in politics and
develop a political culture that is healthy, ethical, mature and democratic,
within our own mould. Suggest how can the political system in our
country, as a sovereign and independent nation, be cultivated according to
its own mould?
 The existence of the Social Development Policy is a proactive approach to
protect, preserve and look after society, as well as remedy existing social
issues.
 The existence of this policy encompasses philosophies and all social
development policies that are based on the constitution, Rukun Negara and
Vision 2020.
 This policy is actually on equal standing with main national policies like the
New Economic Policy, National Development Policy and Vision 2020 Policy.
 The implantation of this policy has to be given specific emphasis as a driving
mechanism to achieve a developed nation status by 2020.

National Culture Policy
National Education Policy
National Family Policy
National Integrity Plan
National WomenÊs Policy
National Youth Policy
Rahman Talib Report 1960
Razak Statement 1956
Official website of The Prime MinisterÊs Office of Malaysia. Retrieved March 2,
2009, from www.pmo.gov.my
The website of the Ministry of WomenÊs Development, Family and Community.
Retrieved March 2, 2009, from www.kpwkm.gov.my
Official website of the Parliament of Malaysia. Retrieved March 2, 2009, from
www.pmo.gov.my/www.parlimen.gov.my/
Hasan Malek. (2005). „Kedudukan Belia dalam RMK9‰. Utusan Malaysia.
Dr. Sivamuruguan Pandian. (2005). „Bina Rakyat Kelas Satu‰, Utusan Malaysia.
Rencana Pengarang. (2006). „Kajian tingkat mutu pembelajaran di SK‰, Utusan
Malaysia, 05/04/2006.
Anis Yusal Yusoff. (2006). „Mengembalikan Integriti Politik Bersih‰. Utusan
Malaysia.
Habibah Omar. (2004). „Dasar Ekonomi Baru: Lahirkan Wanita Cemerlang‰.
Utusan Malaysia.
„Pencapaian Wanita Kemajuan Untuk Negara‰, Utusan Malaysia,
18/01/2003.

Topic 11 sociol development policy

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