Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences

1. Introducing the
Disciplines Within the
Social Sciences

2. Lesson Objective:
• Compare and contrast the various Social Science
disciplines and their fields, main areas of inquiry
and methods

3. •Study of society, social institutions,
and social relationships
L O G I C O S Y O

4. •Study of human origins, societies,
cultures, and races,
P Y L O H A N T H O R

5. •Branch of social science that deals with the
production, distribution, consumption, and
management of goods & services
M O C O N I E C S

6. •Study of the natural features of the earth’s
surface, including topography, climate, soil,
vegetation, etc., and man’s response to them
G Y R E O G A H P

7. •Scientific study of language
G L U I T I N A C S

8. •Scientific study of all forms of human and
animal behavior, sometimes concerned with
the methods through which behavior can be
modified
S C H O O G L Y P Y

9. •Study of government of states and other
political units
S C E N I E C L O C L A P I L I T

10. •Discipline of recording and interpreting past
events involving human beings
S T I R O H Y

12. ANTHROPOLOGY
• Anthropology is from the Greek words
“anthropos”which means “man” and “logos” which
means “to study”
• It is a branch of knowledge which deals with the
scientific study of man, his work, his body, his behavior
and values, in time and space.

13. ANTHROPOLOGY
• It is the exploration and study of human diversity
around the world. It gathers and analyzes data on cross-
cultural and inter-societal differences in social
institutions, cultural beliefs and practices, and
communication styles.
• It is a discipline of infinite curiosity about human being.

14. ANTHROPOLOGY
• It discovers when , where and why humans appeared on
earth, how and why they have changed since then, and
how and why modern human populations vary in certain
physical features.
• It exposes how and why societies in the past and present
have varied in their custom, traditions and practices.

15. Branches of Anthropology
1. Biological Anthropology- study of man’s
biological foundations, race evolution, genetic
inheritance, racial classifications, human
adaptability and variation, the fossil records of
human evolution as well as forensic studies.

16. Biological Anthropology
• Racial History
• Paleontology
• Human Genetics
• Primatology
• Neuroanthropology
• Human Osteology
• Forensic Anthropology

17. Branches of Anthropology
2. Cultural Anthropology – investigation of the cultural
and social organization of a particular people.
a. Ethnography
b. Ethnology
c. Archaeology
d. Linguistics

18. Methods of Inquiry
• Ethnographic Method
• Case Study
• Descriptive Method
• Historical Method

20. ECONOMICS
• It is from the Greek word “oikonomia” which means
“household management”.
• It is the study of the proper allocation and efficient use of
scarce resources to produce commodities for the
maximum satisfaction of unlimited human needs and
wants.

21. ECONOMICS
• It is the study of how societies use scarce resources to
produce valuable commodities and distribute them
among different people.
• It is the science of choice.
• it is the scientific study which deals with how
individuals and society in general make choices.

22. ECONOMICS
• It is the study of how man could best allocate and
utilize the scarce resources of society to satisfy his
unlimited want.
• It is a branch of knowledge that deals with
production, distribution and consumption of
goods and services.

23. Branches of Economics
1. Macroeconomics
2. Microeconomics

24. Methods of Inquiry
• Positive Economics
• Normative Economics

26. GEOGRAPHY
• It is from the latin words “geo” which means “Earth”
and “graphein” which means “to describe”.
• It deals with Earth’s description.
• It is the description and explanation of the world’s
landscapes and a scientific description of inhabited
landscapes and their description over the globe.

27. GEOGRAPHY
• It is the study of spatial relationships whose subject matter
includes physical, biotic and societal elements and focuses on
the distribution and relationships of phenomena according to
places.
• It is the accurate, orderly and rational description and
interpretation of the variable character of the Earth’s surface.

28. GEOGRAPHY
• It is the science of the Earth and its life dealing with land,
sea and air conditions; the distribution of plant and
animal life especially with man and his industries.
• It is the collection of facts intended to give a complete
picture of a continent, a state or a region.

29. GEOGRAPHY
• It is the study of the phenomena, how its distribution came
about, and the significance of its distribution to an
understanding of the world.
• It is the study of locations and distributions of phenomena on
the earth’s surface; the reasons or causes behind these
distributions and predictions on how and why changes will
take place.

30. Branches of Geography
• Physical Geography
• Human Geography

31. Methods of Inquiry
• Descriptive Geography
• Analytical Geography
• Geostatistics
• Ethnographic Geography

33. HISTORY
• It is from Greek word “istoria” which means “knowing
by inquiry”.
• It is the systematic inquiry of man’s recorded past for the
purpose of establishing causal relationships, validating
historical facts and reconstruction of chronological
events.

34. HISTORY
• It is the study of past events.
• it is the story of mankind’s past.
• It records and explains what people have thought, said
and done.
• it is concerned with political, economic and social
matters.

35. Branches of History
• Political History
• Economic History
• Social History

36. Methods of Inquiry
• Positivism
• Narrative-Chronology
• Biography-Hagiography
• Dialectics-Analysis
• Meta-Narrative-Total History
• Negativism

38. LINGUISTICS
• It is from the French word ‘linguistique” which means
“language”.
• It is the science of language.
• It is the scientific study of language in a cultural context.
• It describes languages in their own merits.

39. LINGUISTICS
• It is the systematic study of recorded and unrecorded
languages all over the world.
• It deals with how culture affects language and vice versa.
• It provides insights and understanding on how people
perceive themselves and the world around them.

40. Branches of Linguistics
• Evolutionary Linguistics
• Historical Linguistics
• Socio Linguistics
• Psycho Linguistics
• Neuro Linguistics

41. Branches of Linguistics
• Anthropological Linguistics
• Applied Linguistics
• Bio Linguistics
• Clinic Linguistics
• Linguistic Typology
• Stylistics

42. Methods of Inquiry
• Descriptive Linguistics
• Prescriptive Linguistics

44. POLITICAL SCIENCE
• It is from Greek word “polis” which means “city-state”
and Latin word “scire” which means “to study”.
• It is the systematic study of state and government.
• It is primarily concerned with the association of human
being into a “body politic”, or a political community that
was organized under government and law.

45. POLITICAL SCIENCE
• It deals with those relations among men and groups
which are subject to control by the state, with the
relations of men and groups of men to the state itself, and
with the relations of the state to other states.
• It is the study of government and political process,
institutions, and behavior.

46. POLITICAL SCIENCE
• It is an attempt by systematic analysis to discover in the
confusing detail whatever principles may exist of wider
and more general significance, not only about the State,
its organs and institutions but also other institutions or
polities as well such as political attitudes of people and
their leaders, controversial issues and other aspects
concerning the States’ operation, powers and functions.

47. Branches of Political Science
• Public Law
• Political Theory
• International Relations
• Public Administration
• Political Philosophy
• Political Dynamics
• Comparative Government

48. Methods of Inquiry
• Historical Method
• Comparative Method
• Scientific Method
• Inductive Method

49. Methods of Inquiry
• Deductive Method
• Theoretical Method
• Observational Method
• Behavioral Method

51. PSYCHOLOGY
• It is from the Greek words “psyche” which means “soul”
and “logus” which means “study”.
• It is the study of mind.
• It is the science of human behavior.

52. Branches of Psychology
• General Psychology
• Clinical Psychology
• Abnormal Psychology
• Evolutionary Psychology
• Cognitive Psychology

53. Branches of Psychology
• Legal Psychology
• Educational Psychology
• Developmental Psychology
• Personality Psychology

54. Methods of Inquiry
• Inspection Method
• Observation Method
• Experimental Method
• Survey Method
• Empirical Method

56. SOCIOLOGY
• It is from the Latin word “socius” which means
“associate or companion” and Greek word “logos” which
means “study”.
• It is the scientific study of society.
• It studies collective human behavior and social
influence.

57. SOCIOLOGY
• It concerns with social institutions, social life, community
living, human interaction, group integration and
dynamics, social roles and functions, social hierarchy,
interrelationships, and interdependence of men that give
rise to a social structure and a social system, and the
process that lead to social change.

58. SOCIOLOGY
• It is the scientific study of man’s behavior as a
consequence of his being a member of a social group.
• It is the scientific study of human society, its origin,
structure, function and direction.

59. Branches of Sociology
• Social Organization
• Social Psychology
• Social Change
• Human Ecology
• Demography or Population Studies
• Social Theory and Method
• Applied Sociology

60. Methods of Inquiry
• Evolutionary Approach
• Interactionist Approach
• Functionalist Approach
• Conflict Approach