The document discusses asphalt preservation techniques, focusing on rejuvenators that extend pavement life and enhance safety while being cost-effective. It highlights the importance of maltenes in asphalt and techniques to replace them to limit deterioration, alongside methods for evaluating the effectiveness of rejuvenators. The potential environmental benefits of photocatalytic materials, such as titanium dioxide, for air pollution mitigation are also explored.

1. Top of the Curve:
Asphalt Preservation
using Rejuvenators
APWA Florida Chapter
West Coast Branch
February 19, 2019
Chas Jordan, ENV SP, LEED GA, STP
cjordan@pavetechinc.com

2. 2
What is Pavement Preservation?
A cost-effective set of practices that
extend pavement life and improve safety
and motorist satisfaction while saving
public tax dollars.
(NCPP, pavementpreservation.org)

3. 3
Pavement Preservation
• Asset Management Principles:
• Life Cycle Cost Benefit
• Maintaining Early to keep in “Like New” Condition
• Pavement “Value”
• Preventive Maintenance
• Oil Changes?
• Change the Air Filter in your A/C Unit?
• Mow your lawn?
• All Examples of Preventive Maintenance

4. 4
FHWA Every Day Counts Initiative

5. 5
FHWA Every Day Counts Initiative

6. 6
“Right Treatment on the Right Road
at the Right Time”
Condition
Time
$1 for preventive
maintenance here
Is 3 to 10 times
more cost
effective than
here

7. 7
Real Science:
Why does Asphalt Deteriorate?
1. Age
2. Oxidation
3. Water Damage
4. Traffic Damage

8. 8
Why does Asphalt Deteriorate?
AGE (Hardening)
The first significant hardening of
the asphalt cement takes place
in the pugmill or drum mixer
where heated aggregate is
mixed with hot asphalt cement.
During this short mixing time,
the asphalt cement, which is in
very thin films, is exposed to
high temperatures ranging
from 275 to 350º F.

9. 9
Why does Asphalt Deteriorate?
OXIDATION
The roadway begins to
deteriorate the moment it’s
paved. The worst part is it’s
exponential. The viscosity of the
asphalt binder can go from 10-15K
poise when it’s only a few months
old to several hundred thousand
after only a few years. In Florida
this is how most roads fail.

10. 10
Why does Asphalt Deteriorate?
WATER DAMAGE
Seeps into asphalt,
especially cracks or
raveling. This water
expands and contracts,
causing distress in the
binder, and eventually
potholes or structural
damage occurs.

11. 11
Why does Asphalt Deteriorate?
TRAFFIC DAMAGE
Causes fatigue cracking
which can lead to heightened
damaged due to the
preceding elements. It also
compacts overtime, causing a
harder areas in the A.C. than
other areas of the roadway.

12. 12
Real Science:
How do we limit deterioration?
Thus, the secret of ensuring a
long service life of asphalt in
pavements is to retard the aging
process.

13. 13
How do we limit deterioration?

14. 14
Maltenes are the Key
• Maltenes are the unstable component
of asphalt binder and they are affected
by air, UV rays water, temperature, etc.
• It is the loss of the Maltenes from the
asphalt binder in the upper 3/8” to ½” of
asphalt pavements that start the
asphalt deterioration process.

15. 15
Deterioration
occurs as the
Asphaltic Cement
(AC) looses
Maltenes from
UV damage,
Water, and Traffic
over time.

16. Confirmed by FHWA – EDC Program

17. 17
Real Science:
So How do we Preserve?
• Depending on condition of the
pavement, it can be as simple as:
REPLACE THE MALTENES.
• Replacing the Maltenes can provide the
aged asphalt binder the materials
needed to remain fluid, viscous, and
healthy.

18. 18
Replacing the Maltenes:
Rejuvenation
Maltene based rejuvenators work by
changing the chemistry of the asphalt
binder by replenishing the lost maltenes
back into the asphalt binder restoring its
asphaltene to maltene ratio back to
nearly new levels

19. 19
Rejuvenation
Fog Seal COATING -
Seals the surface
Petroleum Maltene Based REJUVENATOR -
Penetrates down into pavement & seals the surface, CANNOT be worn
away

20. 20
Real Science:
How do we know this works?
• The “Rostler Method” - Determines the
rejuvenator efficacy and determines
the ratio of resinous to oily maltenes in
the pavement surface
• ASTM Test D-2006-70 – “Free Maltene
Distribution”

21. 21
How do we know this works?
• Viscosity Testing
with a Dynamic
Sheer
Rheometer
(DSR)
• Higher Viscosity
means healthier
pavement

22. 22
How do we know this works?
• Measuring
International
Roughness
Index of the
Pavement
before and after
treatments

23. 23
How do we know this works?
• 3D Imaging Data – Mapping distress in
pavement based upon depth
differences at microscopic levels

24. 24
How do we know this works?
• Scholarly
Research
and Testing

25. 25
How do we know this works?
• Scholarly Research and Testing
• 29% Savings in Pavement Life Cost

26. 26
Real Science:
Is Rejuvenation what we need?
• Preservation can go beyond
rejuvenation, especially if pavement
shows signs of distress like:
• Cracking
• Severe Raveling
• Potholes
• Aggregate Loss

27. 27
Cost Benefit – Basic ROI
Basic Cost Benefit Model –
• If a Road costs $150,000 to build (per lane mile) and it
has a 20 year life cycle in 100 years you will spend
$750,000 on that mile of road.
• If you preserve with a $1 per SY treatment early
and then every five years going forward, the asset
can now last 40 years.
• If we estimate ~$7,000 per Lane Mile to preserve
• $150,000 + ($7,000*4 treatments) = $178,000 for 40
Years
• In 100 years you will spend $445,000 (Barely more
than half your original investment)

28. 28
How do I preserve?
• Through a mutual use of Maltene
replacement technology and:
• Crack Sealing
• Microsurfacing
• Seal Coating
• Chip Sealing
• Slurry Sealing

29. 29
Why with other treatments?
• The Maltenes will benefit the existing
Asphaltic Cement, however due to the
distress in the existing road, a new
wearing surface is needed or at the
very least, crack sealing to limit water
intrusion below the top layer of
asphalt.

30. 30
Real Science:
Has this been proven, and by who?
• National Center for Pavement
Preservation at Michigan State
University (pavementpreservation.org)
• Center for Multidisciplinary Research in
Transportation at Texas Tech University
• Time and Experience

31. 31
What if....?
What if we could clean the air in our
communities by paving a material that
could clean the exhaust coming out of
our residents cars???

32. 32
Air Pollution

33. 33
From the Vehicleswe drive…
to the Air We Breathe

34. 34
Photocatalysis w/ TiO2
TiO2 Properties/ Advantages
 Strong Oxidizer
 Gas Phase De-polluting
 Self-Cleaning
 Chemically Inert
 Physically Stable
 Antibacterial / Antifungal
 Non Exhaustive
--------------------
1Honda-Fujishima Effect: Fujishima, Akira. and Honda, Kenichi, Electrochemical Photolysis of
Water at a Semiconductor Electrode, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering,
The University of Tokyo1972
Photocatalytic Properties of Titanium Dioxide
Discovered in the Early Seventies1

35. 35
Photocatalysis w/ TiO2
NOx Photodegradation via TiO2
 Analogous to Plant Photosynthesis
 TiO2 forms electron holes under UV light
 Creating a (Photo) Excited State
 Whereby Radicals (OH-; HO-2) and
 Superoxide (O-2) Decompose NOx
 Results are Harmless Nitrate Salts
 A Hydrophilic (5x Sheeting) Surface
 And a Reflective (Cooling) Effect

36. y
36
Photocatalysis w/ TiO2
Significant Environmental and Ecological Net Benefits
Airborne Nitrites (NO2) are Highly Toxic
Nitrates (NO3) Least Harmful Form of Soluble Nitrogen
 EPA NO2 Air Quality Maximum1 53 ppb or 0.05 mg/L
 EPA NO3 Water Contamination Max2 10 mg/L or 10,000 ppb
 Airborne Nitrites 188x More Toxic than Nitrate Resultant3
--------------------
1Environmental Protection Agency National Ambient Air Quality Standard for
maximum annual concentration for NO2 (2010).
2Environmental Protection Agency NO3 maximum contaminant level for water (2012).
3BlackwallPartners LLC estimates
Nitrite Gas Converted into Solid Nitrate is a 99.5% “Pollution
Equivalent” Reduction3

37. 37
One Mile of TiO2 Road
equates to Planting a 20
Acre Forest1
--------------------
1Alcoa Architectural Coatings – EcoClean aluminum panels; BlackwallPartners LLC estimates

38. 38
Each Mile of TiO2 Pavement Offsets
the Combustion of 4000Cars Daily1
--------------------
1Dios, Juan, et al, Decontamination through Photocatalytic TIO2 Additions – Past, Present and Future, International
Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology (ICETET), London 2014; BlackwallPartners LLC estimates

39. 39
TiO2 Product Set
Asphalt Concrete All Infrastructure
Combining Proven Nanotechnologies to Scale…

40. 40
Testing1- Strong NOx Reduction
Compound NO Reduction Efficiency (%)
Application
Rate
Control
Sample
0.16
kg/m2
0.21
kg/m2
0.26
kg/m2
0.31
kg/m2
0.36
kg/m2
A.R.A.-1 Ti® NEGL
53% 57% 61% 53% 48%
Ti-introCMETM NEGL
48% 52% 55% 58% 53%
Application
Rate
Control
Sample
0.11
kg/m2
0.21
kg/m2
0.31
kg/m2
Litho1000Ti®
NEGL
46% 55% 48%
1Zollinger, Dan G. and Joshaghani, Alireza, Laboratory Investigation of the Effect of TiO2
Topical Treatments on Concrete and Asphalt Samples, Texas A&M Transportation
Institute, September 2018

41. 41
TiO2 Construction Costs
(square yard)
Palazzo Italia $50,000
New Construction – Concrete >$200
New Construction – Asphalt >$100
TiO2 Retrofit <$5
BlackwallPartners LLC estimates

42. 42
Real Science. Real Results.
www.pavetechinc.com