Top of Form 1.  Some variables that were recorded while studying diets of sharks are given below. Which of the variables is categorical? The length of the shark being observed The type of shark being observed The amount of food eaten in a day by the shark being observed The age of the shark being observed 2.  During winter, red foxes hunt small rodents by jumping into thick snow cover. Researchers report that a hunting trip lasts on average 19 minutes and involves on average 7 jumps. They also report that, surprisingly, 79% of all successful jumps are made in the northeast direction. Three variables are mentioned in this report. The first variable mentioned is quantitative and discrete. ordinal. quantitative and continuous. categorical. 3.  Here is a stemplot of body temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit) for 65 healthy adult women. The number of women in the sample that have a body temperature lower than 98 degrees Fahrenheit is 15. 45. 20. 50. 4.  Here is a histogram of the yearly number of unprovoked attacks by alligators on people in Florida over a 33-year period. What is the overall shape of the distribution? Roughly symmetric with an outlier Slightly skewed to the right Bimodal Strongly skewed to the left 5.  A sample of 20 endangered species was obtained and the length of time (in months) since being placed on the list was recorded for each species. A stemplot of these data follows. In the stemplot, 5|2 represents 52 months. The first quartile of the length of time (in months) since being placed on the list for these 20 species is 74. 59.5. 75.5 5. 6.  Here is a dotplot of migraine intensity (on a scale of 1 to 10) for 29 adults suffering from recurring migraines. The third quartile for this data set is 9.25. 10. 9.5. 9. 7.  A maze experiment uses 24 lab rats of various ages, as summarized below. Age (in months) Number of rats 2 4 3 6 4 6 5 4 7 3 9 1 What is the median rat age (in months) for this maze experiment? 4 5 4.5 3.5 8.  Geckos are lizards with specialized toe pads that enable them to easily climb all sorts of surfaces. A research team examined the adhesive properties of 7 Tokay geckos. Below are their toe-pad areas (in square centimeters, cm2). 5.6 4.9 6.0 5.1 5.5 5.1 7.5 Rounded to two decimal places, the mean toe pad area in this sample of geckos is _______ cm2. 9.  By inspection, determine which of the following sets of numbers has the smallest standard deviation. 7, 8, 9, 10 5, 5, 5, 5 0, 0, 10, 10 0, 1, 2, 3 10.  A researcher states that the survival time of an organism is negatively related to the amount of a specific pollutant present in the ecosystem. This means that above-average amounts of pollutant tend to accompany below-average survival times. below-average amounts of pollutant tend to accompany below-average survival times. below-average amounts of pollutant can be accompanied by either above- or below-average survival times. above-av ...

1. Top of Form
1.
Some variables that were recorded while studying diets of
sharks are given below. Which of the variables is categorical?
The length of the shark being observed
The type of shark being observed
The amount of food eaten in a day by the shark being observed
The age of the shark being observed
2.
During winter, red foxes hunt small rodents by jumping into
thick snow cover. Researchers report that a hunting trip lasts on
average 19 minutes and involves on average 7 jumps. They also
report that, surprisingly, 79% of all successful jumps are made
in the northeast direction. Three variables are mentioned in this
report. The first variable mentioned is
quantitative and discrete.
ordinal.
quantitative and continuous.
categorical.

2. 3.
Here is a stemplot of body temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit)
for 65 healthy adult women.
The number of women in the sample that have a body
temperature lower than 98 degrees Fahrenheit is
15.
45.
20.
50.
4.
Here is a histogram of the yearly number of unprovoked attacks
by alligators on people in Florida over a 33-year period.
What is the overall shape of the distribution?
Roughly symmetric with an outlier
Slightly skewed to the right
Bimodal
Strongly skewed to the left

3. 5.
A sample of 20 endangered species was obtained and the length
of time (in months) since being placed on the list was recorded
for each species. A stemplot of these data follows. In the
stemplot, 5|2 represents 52 months.
The first quartile of the length of time (in months) since being
placed on the list for these 20 species is
74.
59.5.
75.5
5.
6.
Here is a dotplot of migraine intensity (on a scale of 1 to 10) for
29 adults suffering from recurring migraines.
The third quartile for this data set is
9.25.
10.
9.5.

4. 9.
7.
A maze experiment uses 24 lab rats of various ages, as
summarized below.
Age (in months)
Number of rats
2
4
3
6
4
6
5
4
7
3
9
1
What is the median rat age (in months) for this maze
experiment?
4
5
4.5
3.5
8.

5. Geckos are lizards with specialized toe pads that enable them to
easily climb all sorts of surfaces. A research team examined the
adhesive properties of 7 Tokay geckos. Below are their toe-pad
areas (in square centimeters, cm2).
5.6
4.9
6.0
5.1
5.5
5.1
7.5
Rounded to two decimal places, the mean toe pad area in this
sample of geckos is _______ cm2.
9.
By inspection, determine which of the following sets of
numbers has the smallest standard deviation.
7, 8, 9, 10
5, 5, 5, 5
0, 0, 10, 10
0, 1, 2, 3
10.
A researcher states that the survival time of an organism is
negatively related to the amount of a specific pollutant present
in the ecosystem. This means that

6. above-average amounts of pollutant tend to accompany below-
average survival times.
below-average amounts of pollutant tend to accompany below-
average survival times.
below-average amounts of pollutant can be accompanied by
either above- or below-average survival times.
above-average amounts of pollutant tend to accompany above-
average survival times.
11.
Here is the protease activity found in walnuts preserved in
buffers of varying pHs:
pH
4.5
5
6
7
8
9
10
protease activity
0.17
0.245
0.28
0.055
0.02
0
0.025
Which of the following scatterplots is a correct representation
of the data?

7. 12.
Below is a scatterplot of heights (in centimeters) of Spartina
alterniflora plants against the amount of sunlight they were
given (in minutes). Those plants grown at sea level are
represented by a closed circle and those grown on the ISS are
shown with an open circle.
We conclude that
there is a weak association for both locations.
association can't be assessed here since a categorical variable is
involved.
there is a strong positive association for sea level plants, but a
negative association for ISS plants.
there is a strong association for sea level plants, but a positive
association for ISS plants.
13.
Tail-feather length in birds is sometimes a sexually dimorphic

8. trait. That is, the trait differs substantially for males and for
females. Researchers studied the relationship between weight
(x) and tail-feather length (y) in a sample of five wild male
long-tailed finches. Here are the data:
The value of the linear correlation coefficient between weight
and tail feather length is approximately
0.942.
0.888.
0.789.
We should not be computing this value because the relationship
is not linear.
14.
Tail-feather length in birds is sometimes a sexually dimorphic
trait. That is, the trait differs substantially for males and for
females. Researchers studied the relationship between tail-
feather length (measuring the R1 central tail feather) and weight
in a sample of 20 male and 21 female long-tailed finches raised
in an aviary.
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Overall, females tend to have smaller tail feathers than males,
for a given body weight.
Both males and females show a clear positive linear relationship
between weight and tail-feather length.

9. Male birds that are heavier tend to have longer tail feathers.
There appears to be no relationship between body weight and
tail-feather length in female birds.
15.
Suppose we fit the least-squares regression line to a set of data.
Points with unusually large values of the residuals are called
outliers.
response variables.
correlated.
the slope.
16.
John's parents recorded his height at various ages up to 66
months. Below is a record of the results.
John's parents decide to use the least-squares regression line of
John's height on age based on the data in the previous problem
to predict his height at age 21 years. We conclude that
John's height, in inches, should be about half his age, in
months.
the parents will get a fairly accurate estimate of his height at

10. age 21 years because the data are clearly correlated.
such a prediction could be misleading because it involves
extrapolation.
All of the above
17.
A researcher noticed that, for streams along the east coast, the
amount of money spent on restoration and the number of
distinct fish populations present appeared to have a negative
correlation.
To investigate this, the researcher should begin his research by
using
the least-squares regression line.
a well-designed experiment.
the correlation coefficient.
the square of the correlation coefficient.
18.
Tail-feather length in birds is sometimes a sexually dimorphic
trait. That is, the trait differs substantially for males and for
females. Researchers studied the relationship between weight
(x) and tail-feather length (y) in a sample of five wild, male
long-tailed finches. Here are the data:
The value of the y intercept for the least-squares regression line

11. is
25.547 mm.
25.547 mm/g.
2.815 mm/g.
2.815 g/mm.
19.
At a local health club, a researcher samples 75 people whose
primary exercise is cardiovascular and 75 people whose primary
exercise is strength training. The researcher's objective is to
assess the effect of type of exercise on cholesterol. Each subject
reported to a clinic to have his or her cholesterol measured. The
subjects were unaware of the purpose of the study, and the
technician measuring the cholesterol was not aware of the
subject's type of exercise. This is a(n)
double-blind experiment.
observational study.
experiment, but not a double-blind experiment.
matched pairs experiment.
20.
The city council in a suburb of Raleigh is interested in the level
of public support for a tax increase to support restoration of
nearby parks and waterways. A marketing research firm is

12. selected that then selects a simple random sample of 50 adult
residents and contacts each to determine whether the resident
would be opposed to the tax increase. Of these, 15 indicated
that they would be opposed.
The sample is
the 50 residents selected.
the 15 residents not in favor of the increase.
all residents in the suburb.
the 35 residents in favor of the increase.
21.
A student organization at a local college posted a poll on its
website. After a semester, the results were tallied and it was
found that 95% of the respondents were in favor of raising fees
to increase funding for student organizations. This conclusion
was based on data collected from 5000 votes cast on the
website. Based on the IP addresses of the respondents, it was
later determined that 3200 of the votes were cast from a single
off-campus computer belonging to a member of the student
organization that posted the poll. The results of this poll are
probably
biased, but only slightly since the sample size was quite large.
reliable since there were still 1800 other randomly obtained
respondents.
biased, overstating the popularity of raising fees.

13. biased, understating the popularity of raising fees.
22.
An SRS of 1200 adult Americans is selected, and each person is
asked the following question.
“In light of the huge national deficit, should the government at
this time spend additional money to establish a national system
of health insurance?
Only 39% of those responding answered “yes.” This survey
probably overstates the percent of people that favor a system of
national health insurance.
is very inaccurate, but neither understates nor overstates the
percent of people that favor a system of national health
insurance. Since simple random sampling was used, it is
unbiased.
is reasonably accurate since it used a large, simple random
sample.
probably understates the percent of people that favor a system
of national health insurance.
23.
You need to select three subjects from a list of nine subjects.
The subjects' names are provided below.
1. Berliner
4. Wolfe
7. Verducci

14. 2. Blumenthal
5. Stasny
8. Lin
3. MacEachern
6. Santner
9. Critchlow
Use the numerical labels attached to the names and the
following list of random digits to select three individuals. Read
the list of random digits from left to right, starting at the
beginning of the list.
44982 20751 27498 12009 45287 71753 98236 66419 84533
11793 20495 05907 11384
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
If we used another list of random digits to select the sample, we
would get a completely different sample than that obtained with
the list actually used.
If we used another list of random digits to select the sample, the
result obtained with the list actually used would be just as
likely to be selected as any other set of three names.
If we used another list of random digits to select the sample, we
would get the same result as obtained with the list actually
used.
If we used another list of random digits to select the sample, we
would get at most one name in common with a name obtained
with the list actually used.
24.
An experiment has a double-blind design when neither the

15. investigators nor the subjects
know or meet each other before the study is over.
know that an experiment is going on.
know which subjects have been assigned to which treatments in
a list of known treatment options.
know the purpose of experiment.
25.
The drug valproate has been shown in mice to facilitate adult
learning of skills typically acquired during early life. A study
enrolled healthy adult males with no advanced musical training
and taught them to identify absolute pitch, a rare ability
typically learned in early childhood. In a first stage, the
participants were randomly assigned to valproate or a placebo.
In a second stage, the conditions were reversed, so that a
participant who received the placebo first took valproate for the
second stage, and vice versa. This is an example of a(n)
experiment with a block design.
case-control observational study.
matched pairs or repeated measures experiment.
completely randomized experiment.
26.
The Physicians' Health Study followed 22,000 male physicians

16. for a period of several years. About 11,000 took an aspirin
every second day, while the rest took a placebo. At the
completion of the study, it was noted whether a subject had
experienced a heart attack during the period of the study. It was
found that the aspirin group had significantly fewer heart
attacks than the placebo group.
The factor in the experiment is the
medication used (aspirin or placebo).
use of a placebo.
severity of the heart attack.
length of the study.
27.
A study attempts to determine whether a new medication is
effective at lowering blood pressure. Forty subjects with
hypertension who volunteer to participate in the study are to be
given both the new medication and a placebo. The order in
which each subject receives the treatment is randomized and the
subject does not know which treatment they are getting. Each
treatment is administered for four weeks. At the end of each
four-week period a subject's blood pressure is recorded.
This is an example of
the placebo effect.
a double-blind observational study.

17. a stratified analysis.
a matched pairs experiment.
28.
Consumer Reports compared the effectiveness of an anti-
wrinkle cream with that of a plain moisturizer in reducing the
appearance of wrinkles. They enrolled 79 subjects with
moderate to marked wrinkles, and instructed them to use both
products, one on each side of the face, every morning for 12.
The subjects didn't know which products they were using. At
the end of the study, panelists examined “before and after”
photos of the subjects to assess wrinkle appearance. The
panelists did not know which product the subjects had used.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
This study was a randomized, double-blind experiment.
This study was a double-blind experiment, but not a randomized
experiment.
This study was an experiment, but not a double-blind
experiment.
This study is just anecdotal.
29.
A researcher is trying to determine the proportion of a certain
species of fish in a local lake. After sampling 40 fish, she found
32 of them were the species of interest. She estimates the
probability that the next fish is of the species of interest to be

18. 0.50.
1.25.
0.32.
0.80.
30.
Event A has probability 0.4. Event B has probability 0.5. If A
and B are disjoint, then the probability that both events occur is
0.1.
0.9.
0.2.
0.0.
31.
A variable whose value is a numerical outcome of a random
phenomenon is called
a random variable.
biased.
a parameter.
a random sample.

19. 32.
A physician observes the number of lesions on subjects who had
regularly used tanning salons. Let X be the number of lesions
observed. The physician found that X had the following
probability distribution.
Value of X
0
1
2
3
4
Probability
0.05
0.1
0.25
0.30
0.30
P(X > 3) has value
0.7.
0.4.
0.6.
0.3.
33.
Based on data from the USDA, we define the following
probability model for the number X of different pesticides
detected in fresh produce.
X

20. 0
1
2
3
4
5 or more
Probability
0.43
0.17
0.14
0.08
0.06
0.12
The numerical value for the probability P(X < 2) is _______ .
34.
Using the standard Normal distribution tables, the area under
the standard Normal curve corresponding to Z > –2.62 is
0.0044.
0.0047.
0.9956.
0.9953.
35.
The pH measurements of water specimens from various
locations along a given river basin are Normally distributed

21. with mean 8 and standard deviation 0.3.
What is, approximately, the probability that the pH
measurement of a randomly selected water specimen is greater
than 8.2?
0.2475
0.7525
0.2525
0.7475
36.
The pH measurements of water specimens from various
locations along a given river basin are Normally distributed
with mean 8 and standard deviation 0.3.
Three-quarters of the pH measurements in this river basin are
greater than
8.402.
8.202.
7.798.
8.450.
37.
A researcher is interested in the lengths of Salvelinus fontinalis

22. (brook trout), which are known to be approximately Normally
distributed with mean 80 centimeters and standard deviation 5
centimeters. To help preserve brook trout populations, some
regulatory standards need to be set limiting the size of fish that
can be caught. The probability of catching a brook trout less
than 72 centimeters in length is
0.9452
0.6255.
0.0548.
0.3745.
38.
The distribution of total body protein in adult men with liver
cirrhosis is approximately Normal with mean 9.8 kg and
standard deviation 0.1 kg.
Twenty-five percent of adult men with cirrhosis have a total
body protein of at least
9.87 kg.
9.70 kg.
9.73 kg.
9.60 kg.
39.

23. The amount of cholesterol in a person's body produced by their
liver and other cells is proposed to be Normally distributed with
mean 75% and standard deviation 0.5%.
The probability that a person produces more than 76.7% of the
cholesterol in their body is
0.0006.
0.9997.
0.0003.
1.
40.
Sale of eggs that are contaminated with salmonella can cause
food poisoning among consumers. A large egg producer takes an
SRS of 200 eggs from all the eggs shipped in one day. The
laboratory reports that 11 of these eggs had salmonella
contamination. Unknown to the producer, 0.2% (two-tenths of
one percent) of all eggs shipped had salmonella. In this
situation,
0.2% is a parameter and 11 is a statistic.
11 is a parameter and 0.2% is a statistic.
both 0.2% and 11 are parameters.
both 0.2% and 11 are statistics.

24. 41.
You plan to randomly select 10 students from your campus and
ask them how many minutes they exercised in the past seven
days.
The distribution of values taken by the average exercising time
in all possible samples of size 10 is the
sampling distribution of average exercising times.
probability distribution of exercising times.
population parameter.
variance of the exercising time values.
42.
The variability of a statistic is described by the
spread of its sampling distribution.
stability of the population it describes.
vagueness in the wording of the question used to collect the
sample data.
amount of bias present.
43.
The average age of trees in a large local park is 60 years with a
standard deviation of 2.2 years. A simple random sample of 400
trees is selected, and the sample mean age of these trees is

25. computed.
The probability that the average age of the 400 trees is more
than 60.1 years is
0.4801.
0.8186.
0.1814.
0.0001.
44.
The distribution of total body protein in healthy adult men is
approximately Normal with mean 12.3 kg and standard
deviation 0.1 kg.
If you take a random sample of 16 healthy adult men, what is
the probability that their average total body protein is between
12.25 and 12.35 kg?
0.9876
0.0227
0.9545
0.0455
45.
Here is a histogram of T-cell velocities in vitro (in micrometers

26. per minute):
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
The population distribution of T-cell velocities is most likely
skewed to the right.
The sampling distribution of T-cell velocities for samples of
size n = 10 is very likely right-skewed.
The sampling distribution of T-cell velocities for samples of
size n = 100 is approximately Normal.
A histogram of T-cell velocities would be more Normal if the
researchers had collected more data.
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Directions

27. Submit
true
1
7200
0
Answer all 5 Questions.
1. Define TQM, Lean, and JIT. How does Lean operations and
JIT also helps in improving
process quality?
2. The sales data for Victoria Gifts is given:
Period At
1 149
2 134
3 131
4 147
5 163
6 109
7 189

28. 8 191
9 162
a. Using weights of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5, forecast the demand for
period 4 through 10.
b. With Alpha = 0.1, and initial forecast of 149, forecast
through period 10 using simple
exponential smoothing.
3. Demand for a newly introduced toy is as following:
Period At
1 557
2 546
3 566
4 562
5 582
6 566
7 565
8 579
9 589
10 608
11 580
12 603
Using trend projection (simple regression), forecast for period
13 through 15. Using the
trend projection equation, forecast for period 1 through 12, and
calculate MAD.
Based on your analysis of MAD, what conclusion would you

29. draw for forecasts 13 through
15?
4. Based on the following information, calculate CL, UCL, and
LCL for a p-bar chart using 3
sigma control. Plot your control chart, and based on the control
chart, suggest what action
needs to be taken?
Sample
n = Sample
Size
Number of
Defectives
1 200 96
2 200 120
3 200 108
4 200 144
5 200 96
6 200 108
7 200 144
8 200 108
9 200 132
10 200 120

30. 11 200 84
12 200 132
13 200 96
14 200 96
15 200 72
5. Northcutt Bikes purchases two types of wheels for their
roadracing bikes: a regular
version and a deluxe version. The table below has demand
information for the past year
for each style of wheel, as well as combined figures.
REGULAR DELUXE Combined
Month Wheels Wheels Demand
January 208 481 689 1849.884 1070.467
February 153 316 469 1361.158 703.2119
March 238 553 791 2122.129 1230.538
April 296 648 944 2638.237 1441.763
May 292 228 520 2599.175 507.9288
June 322 527 849 2866.567 1173.325
July 102 605 707 908.2062 1344.477
August 211 510 721 1882.909 1133.85
September 286 538 824 2547.511 1195.676
October 163 590 753 1456.65

31. November 186 657 843 1654.898 1462.026
December 129 582 711 1154.784 1295.332
Std. Dev.,
Monthly
Demand 72.1 122.8 129.2
Other important information:
Yearly holding cost 20% of item cost
Ordering cost $200 per order
Service level 95%
Leadtime 0.5 months
Item costs
Deluxe Wheels $40 each
Regular Wheels $35 each
a. Calculate the EOQ for each wheel type.
b. Calculate the ROP for each wheel type.
c. For each wheel type, calculate the total yearly holding and
ordering cost, as well as total
item cost.