The document provides an overview of various tooth brushing techniques recognized by the dental profession, each designed for specific goals such as cleaning teeth, preventing plaque, and stimulating gums. It details methods including the Bass, Stillman’s, Fones, Charter’s, and Roll techniques, along with their advantages and disadvantages. Emphasis is placed on how these techniques may need to be adjusted for individual situations to maximize dental health benefits.

1. TOOTH BRUSHING TECHNIQUES

2. INTRODUCTION:
o A number of toothbrushing technique have
achieved acceptance by the dental
profession.
o Each technique has been designed to
achieve a definite goal.
o Depending on the individual cases, the
techniques of toothbrushing may have to
be altered to achieve the maximum
beneficial effects.

3. OBJECTIVES
• To clean teeth and interdental spaces of
food remnants, debris and stains etc.
• To prevent plaque formation
• To disturb and remove plaque
• To stimulate and massage gingival tissues
• To clean the tongue

4. i. The bass or sulcus cleaning method
ii. Stillman’s technique
iii. Fones or circular or scrub method
iv. Charter’s method
v. The roll technique

5. 1. The Bass Method
• Position the filaments up
toward the root at a 45°
angle to the teeth.
• Place the brush with the
filament tips directed into
the gingival sulcus.
• Using a vibratory stroke
brush
back and forth with very
short
strokes for the count of ten.
• Reposition the brush to the
next group of teeth.

6. The Bass Method
INDICATIONS
• adaptable for interproximal
areas.
• cervical areas beneath the
height of contour of enamel.
• exposed root surfaces.
ADVANTAGES
• Effective method for
removing plaque.
• Provides good gingival
stimulation.
DISADVANTAGES
• cause injury to the gingival
margins
• Time consuming.
• Dexterity.

7. 2. The Stillman’s Method
• Like the Bass Method
the filaments are
placed at a 45° angle
to the tooth.
• Unlike the Bass
Method the filaments
are placed half in the
sulcus and half on the
gingiva.
• The same stroke is
used as the Bass.

8. The Stillman’s Method
INDICATIONS
• Dental plaque removal
• Cleaning tooth surfaces
and gingival massage
DISADVANTAGES
• Time consuming
• Damage epithelial
attachment

9. 3. Fones or Scrub method
• Use combination of
horizontal, vertical,
circular and vibratory
methods
• Simple and free style
brush technique
• most commonly used
method
• usually recommended
in young children

10. Fones or Scrub method
ADVANTAGES:
• Dexterity requirement is low
• Easy to learn
• Take shorter time
• Physically and emotionally
handicap persons can use this
technique
DISADVANTAGES:
• Interdental areas are not
properly cleaned
• Can lead to gingival recession
• Can lead to teeth abrasion

11. 4. The Charter’s Method
• Position the filaments
toward the chewing surface
of the tooth
• Place the sides of the
filaments against the
enamel
and angle them at a 45° to
the tooth.
• Vibrate the filaments gently
but firmly, keeping the
filaments against the tooth.
• Reposition on the next set
of teeth.

12. The Charter’s Method
INDICATIONS:
• Missing papilla and
exposed root surfaces and
open interdental spaces.
• FPD and Orthodontic
appliances.
• Periodontal surgery.
• Interproximal gingival
recession.
ADVANTAGES
• Massage and stimulation of
gingiva.
DISADVANTAGES
• Poor removal of
subgingival bacterial
accumulations.
• Limited brush
placement.
• Dexterity are high.

13. The Roll Method
• Direct the filaments toward the
root of the tooth.
• Place side of the brush on the
gingiva and have the plastic part
of the brush even with the tooth.
• When the plastic portion is even
with the tooth press the filaments
against the gingiva and roll the
brush over the teeth.
• The wrist is turned slightly and
the filaments follow the contours
of the teeth.

14. The Roll Method
ADVANTAGES:
• Gingival stimulation
• Used in combination
with other techniques
DISADVANTAGE:
• Laceration of alveolar
mucosa on initial
placement
• No brushing of cervical
thirds of the tooth

15. EFFECTS OF IMPROPER
BRUSHING
• Tooth brush trauma
• Diffuse redness and
attached gingiva
• Punctate lesions that
appear as red pin
point spots
• Abrasions

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