The document discusses data collection techniques, distinguishing between primary and secondary data. Primary data is collected directly by an investigator through methods like personal interviews, indirect interviews, correspondence, and questionnaires, while secondary data involves using previously collected data from various sources. It also outlines sources of secondary data, including published and unpublished data from government, research institutions, and trade associations.

1. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF DATA COLLECTION
P EARNESWAR KUMAR
18331E0079

2. WHAT IS DATA ?
It is simply know as the facts and statistics collected together for reference
or analysis
It is divided into two types they are:
1. Primary data
2. Secondary data

3. A) PrimaryData: The Data Which Are Originally Collected By An Agency For The First
Time For Any Statistical Investigation Are Said To Be Primary Data.
B) SecondaryData: The Data Which Have Already Been Collected By Some Agency And
Taken Over From There And Used By Any Other Agency For Their Statistical Work Are
Termed As Secondary Data.
So In Simple If A Primary Data Collected For A Statistical Investigation Are Used In
Other Statistical Investigation Then Those Data Are Called As Secondary Data.

4. PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
1. DIRECT PERSONAL INTERVIEWS: According To This Method The Investigator
Organises Personal Contact With Those From Whom The Information Is To Be
Obtained.
For Example: if a survey is to be conducted about the workers of a factory, then the
investigator will personally meet the workers of the factory and get the necessary
information

5. 2. IN DIRECT PERSONAL INTERVIEWS: Here The Investigator Collects The Data
Indirectly By Interviewing Persons Who Are Know To Be Close To The Original
Persons
EXAMPLE: If Investigator Wants To Collects Information About Drug, Alcohol,
Smoking, Prostitution, Smuggling Are Possible By The Help Of Indirect Oral Interview.
3. INFORMATION FROM CORRESPONDENCE: In This Method, The Investigator
Does Not Work But Appoints Local Agents Or Enumerators In Different Parts Of The
Area These Agents Were Asked To Collect Information And Transmit It To The
Investigator.

6. 4. QUESTIONNAIRES THROUGH MAIL: This Method Is Generally Used For
Collection Of Data In Large Areas. In This Method A List Of Questions Is Prepared
Related To The Problem Under Investigation, Is Printed And Then Sent Out To The
Informants Through Posts.
5. QUESTIONNAIRES SHOULD BE FILLED WITH ENUMERATORS: In This
Method, a list of questions are sent to the informants through the enumerators.
They read the questions to the informants and record their answers.

7. METHODS FOR COLLECTION OF SECONDARY DATA:
1.PUBLISHED DATA: It Is A Practice Consisting In Preparing Certain Data For
Public Use To Make Them Available To Everyone To Use As They Wish
Some Sources Of Published Data Are
1.Government
2.Reports Of Committees And Commissions
3.Private Publications

8. 2.UNPUBLISHED DATA: These Include Data From Studies Conducted But
Not Published. In Other Way Some Statistical Data Are Not Always A Part Of
Publication. Such Data Are Stored By
1. Trade Associations
2. Research Institutions
3. Universities
4. Labour Bureau
5. Research Scholars