Concrete Production

2. GROUP - 3
 S.SRISAISORUBAN - JAF/CE/2014/F/0046
 P.JANEENTHAN - JAF/CE/2014/F/0058
 P.NIROJAN - JAF/CE/2014/F/0041
 N.MAYOOHRAN - JAF/CE/2014/F/0010
 K.VIDYATHARAN - JAF/CE/2014/F/0054
 N.KIRUTHIKASUTHAN- JAF/CE/2014/F/0039
 B.K.SAYI - JAF/CE/2014/F/0016

3. • INTRODUCTION
• HAND MIXING TOOLS
• CONCRETE MIXER
• READY MIX CONCRETE PLANT
• TRANSPORTING EQUIPMENTS
• COMPACTING TOOLS
• QUAILTY CHECKING EQUIPMENTS

5. PLANT AND MACHINERY CONCRETE
• Reduce of the human involvement.
• Mostly use mechanical and electrical
means.
• Do the work easily with the higher
efficiency and the productivity.
• Reduce the working time and also
reduce number of labour requirement
and hazard to the human.
• Ready to use at any time with the ready
condition.
• The mixing of Cement , Sand , Metal
with adding of the water.
• We can mix these materials with
different type of proportions.
o 1 : 1
1
2
: 3(30) - Water tank concrete
o 1 : 2
1
2
: 5(20) - Floor concrete
o 1 : 4 : 8 (50) - Lean concrete
• C20,C25,C30 …. STRENGTH OF CONCRETE.

6. CuringMixing
Transportation
Placing
Compaction

7. • Hand mixing tools
• Concrete mixture
• Ready mix Concrete plant

8. • Wheel
barrow
• Truck
mixture and
Dumber
• Belt
conveyor

9. • Needle
• Vibrates

10. • Compressive strength test machine

11. oTypes of machineries/tools
oLabour requirements
oRequire knowledge
oAvailable rates
oEfficiency
oRepair and maintains
oHazard

13. HAND MIXING TOOLS
• A shovel is not good for measuring.
Because a shovel of cement is not the
same size as a shovel of rock.
• Use a bucket or a box to measure. It is
important to get the right amounts of
cement, sand and rock.
• Also it is used for transporting .
 MESURING BOX

14.  BOARD (SPOT BOARD)
• It is used for mixing the cement, sand,
aggregate and water to produce the
concrete.
• We can’t get the high strength concrete
( less than concrete mixing plant )
• It is available cement board , steel
board and plastic board. In general
Asian country use cement board.

15.  SHOVEL AND HOE (MANVETTI)
• It is used for thoroughly mixed by cement,
sand and aggregate.
• We mostly use the shovel for the good
mixing .

16.  BUCKET AND PAN
• It use for adding the water for mixing
concrete.
• And also help to transmit concrete mix.
• It used for transmitting.
• It also help to keep the concrete mix with the laborer.

18. A concrete mixer (also commonly called a cement mixer) is a device that
homogeneously combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel
and water to form concrete.
A. Twin shaft mixer
B. Vertical axis mixer
C. Drum mixer
• There are three type of concrete mixer

19.  Twin shaft mixers are known
for their high intensity mixing in
short period of time.
 These mixers are typically used
for high strength concrete in
batches of 2.6 – 7.8 cubic yards.

20.  Vertical axis mixers are most
commonly used for the
production of colored
concrete and smaller batches
of 0.98 – 3.9 cubic yards.

21.  Drum mixer are used where large volume of concrete is being produced.
 The batches size is ranging from 3.9 – 12.0 cubic yards.
 This type of mixers dominate the ready mix market as it is known to be capable of
high production speed, ideal for slump concrete and where overall cast of
production is important.
 Drum mixers are known to have the lowest maintains and operating cost.
 Drum mixers are broadly classified into tow main categories' :-
A. Tilting drum mixer B. Non-tilting drum mixer

22.  These type of mixers are
generally used for mini
projects.
 They have a lever or handle
with the help of which the
freshly mixed concrete is
discharged or tipped into a
wheelbarrow.

23.  These type of mixers don’t tilt.
 In this type of drum mixers
the blades inside the drum are
designed so that on reversing
the rotation the concrete is
discharged form the drum.
 Hence they are also known as
reversing drum mixers.

24.  Drum :- It is used to mix the components.
 Blades :- It is used to mix the ingredients
homogenously and discharge it.
 Chute :- It is used to guide the ready
mixed concrete into a wheelbarrow.
 Lever :- It is used for tilting the drum to discharge the concrete.
 Motor :- It operates the rollers.
 Rollers :- It rolls the drum.

26. In plant, the batching process done by combination of heavy machineries because of
the requirement of larger quantity of concrete.
Here we use ,
1.Moving belt
2.Crane
3.Water pumps/tank
4.Mixer truck
5.Screw conveyor
6.Excavators
7.Power generator
8.Hydraolic pump
9.Mixer
10.Power motor
11.Air compressor

29. Transportation of concrete is an important activity after the production of concrete.
After The Mixing of Concrete We have to transmit the Mix as very Quickly Because to get
the Mix in the required Strength.
It is depends on the initial setting time (30-45 Min.) of the mix.
By transmit the Mix in a certain time, It also help to work as very easy (workability) at the
Work Site .

30. The Following Tools & Machinaries are used for Transportation
1) PAN
2) CHUTE
3) BELT CONVEYOR
4) BUCKET AND ROPEWAY
5) SKIP AND HOIST
6) DUMPER
7) PUMP AND PIPE-LINE
METHOD
8) WHEEL BARROW OR HAND
CART

31. • This Tool is used in small works & also use to keep the mix with the Worker
• In this method there is no chances to segregation of concrete
• But the disadvantage of this tool, It requires a Large No of Workers

32. • This Equipment has large amount capacity than the pan
• It is generally used on a level Place.
Ex:- Road Works, Ground Surface, Flats
• Segregation can occur When Transportation is done on Hard or Rough Ways.
• If we use rubber tires this problem can be reduces

33. • Generally It is used for concreting in deep locations.
• Gravity Force is help to Transmit the mix through the 'CHUTE'
• The slope should not be Flatter than 1 : 2.5 ,Otherwise the mix will not Slide down.
• It is very cheaper & easy method
• Technically it is not a very good method but it is widely used in the field.

34. • Mechanical power needs to move the Concrete Mix on the Belt
• No need large amount of Workers
• Gravity Force is not affect the movement of the Mix here
• It has limited application due to segregation when steep slopes, and changes in
direction of belt.

35. • It is suitable to works in valley sites, over high piers and long dam sites.
• Here the Concrete Bucket is move in the Steel Cable by Hanging.
• No need large amount of Workers But Electrical power is needs to transfer the
Concrete. If there is no power supply We can't use this method.
• It is very expensive method because we have to construct the Posts & Steel Cable
for transmission

36. • This is a widely used in high rise Structures to lift
vertically.
• Firstly Concrete is put into the skip which travels
vertically on rails like a lift.
• When discharging, the Skip will turn over. so It is use to
avoid segregation of the concrete.
• Mechanical or Electrical Power needs to operate it so no
need many Workers.

37. • Transit mixer is one of the most popular equipment for
transporting concrete to a long distance.
• specially the ready mix only transfer from the concrete batching
plant by this method.
• The trucks having a capacity of 4 - 7 m3 & Its revolution is 2-6/
hour.
• There are 2 types, one is mixed concrete is transported to the site
by keeping it's rotation.
• other one is the concrete is batched at the central batching plant
and mixing is done in the truck mixer.
• During it's self rotation the segregation of the Mix can be prevent.

38. • It is a modern & expensive method use to transmit the Mix when a
large quantity of concreting.
• The Pumping Pipe is made of steel., plastic or aluminum & It's D is
generally 8 - 20 cm and connected with a Long Vehicle for moving.
• Pumping of concrete can be done @ 8 - 70 m3 /h & also no need
more Workers.
• Air pressure is help to move the Concrete Mix through the pipe line.
• After Pumping The Temporary Pipe lines help to send the mix to the
Actual place

40. 1. Internal vibrator
2. Form vibrators
3. Surface vibrators
4. Vibrating table
5. Platform vibrators
 After the placing of the concrete, we must do the compaction for eliminating the honey
blocks arising in the block.
 It also help to the concrete get a good strength.
For the compacting purpose, we can use these types of compacting tools…..

41. 1. Internal vibrator
 They are also called immersion, poker or needle vibrators
 Power is provided by electric motor, compressed air or
petrol engine
 It is frequency is 15000 rpm
 Flexible tube end a vibrating head is attached
 Vibrating head is inserted in the concrete
 Tube called poker
 Tube diameters-40 to100

42. 2. Form vibrators
 Also called as external vibrators.
 We use to the horizontal or vertical form works.
 The spacing not exceeding 90 cm in either direction.
 It also use for arches , tunnel lining.

43. 3. Surface vibrators
 Also called as screed or pan vibrators.
 They clamped to the screed.
 They are effective only in depth of concrete is up to 20cm.
 If the depth is more they can be used in combination with
internal vibrators.
 It use for long horizontal surface such as pavements and
slaps.

44. 4. Vibrating table
 These are rigidly built steel platforms mounted on steel spring
and driven by
 Electrical motors.
 Use for compacting stiff and
harsh mixes used in precast
structural members in
 Factories and laboratory specimens.

46.  Used to determination of concrete
compressive and flexural strength.
 For the testing purpose ,commonly we
make the casting cubes
15 cm x 15 cm x 15 cm
or cylindrical specimens of
15 cm diameter with 30 cm long.

47. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH MACHINE
 After the making of the sample we keep it with the damp condition until the test.
 we can check the sample after the 7 or 14 or 21 or 28 days.
 For getting the good strength of concrete, we test it after 28 days.
• This is the specific machine use for testing the
compressive and flexural strength of the concrete
block.
• To operate the machine require a good knowledge
about it.

48. • In earlier days, we use the calculation method to find the result.
• Hear we can get the accurate result
directly and No need to calculate.
• We can also reduce the time to check.
• In now a days, we use the digital display machines to get the
result .
Compressive strength is calculate using the following formula :-
◦ Compressive strength (kg/cm2) = Wf / Ap
Where,
Wf = Maximum applied load just before load, (kg)
Ap = Plan area of cube mould, (mm2)

50. THE TIME OF TESTING THE BLOCK