This document discusses the decision making process in organizations and its importance. It describes decision making as identifying problems, gathering relevant information, developing alternative solutions, analyzing alternatives, selecting the best option, implementing the decision, and reviewing the decision. The summary discusses the types of decisions as programmed/non-programmed, operational/strategic, organizational/personal, and individual/group decisions. It also outlines the seven step decision making process as identifying the problem, collecting information, identifying alternatives, developing solutions, implementing the decision, taking action, and reviewing the decision.
DECISION MAKING
Individual decision making
Decision –making is the “selection of a course of action from among alternatives; it is the core of planning.” - Koontz and Weihrich
Decision-making means selecting a course of action out of alternative courses to solve a problem. Decisions may be major or minor, strategic or operational, long-term or short-term. They are made for each functional area at each level. The importance of decisions, however, varies at each level.
Decision making is a modest attempt to match environmental opportunities with organisation’s strengths. It is based on forecasts and assumptions about environmental factors.
FEATURES OF DECISION MAKING
Identify the Problem
Diagnose the Problem
Establish Objectives
Collect Information
Generate Alternatives
Evaluate Alternatives
Select the Alternatives
Implement the Alternative
Monitor the Implementation
TYPES OF DECISIONS
TECHNIQUES OF DECISION MAKING
Linear programming
Simulation
Probability theory
Decision tree
Queuing theory
Gaming theory
Network theory
Modern techniques for making programmed decisions:
Creative Techniques
i. Brainstorming
ii. Nominal Group Technique
Richard L. Daft addresses themes and issues directly relevant to both the everyday demands and significant challenges facing businesses today. Comprehensive coverage helps develop managers able to look beyond traditional techniques and ideas to tap into a full breadth of management skills. With the best in proven management and new competencies that harness creativity, D.A.F.T. is Management!
In the age of speed, making decisions quickly is critical to project success. This presentation considers the decision making process, decision making styles, and how to focus and tailor discussions to arrive at meaningful decisions quickly.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Decision making is the central management activity, but its importance cannot be ascertained without pointing out the differences which individual managers face in making decisions.
All management decisions are not the same.
We know that, in practice, those occupying different positions within the organization and therefore performing a different set of management tasks, are confronted with very different types of decision.
So we need some kind of classification of decision types, in order that we can differentiate one decision from another.
CHANGE, RESISTANCE TO CHANGE, OVERCOME RESISTANCE TO CHANGENavya Jayakumar
Alternation which occurs in the overall work environment of an organization
The whole organisation tends to be affected by the change in any part of it
An enterprise can be changed in several ways. Its technology can be changed, its structure, its people and other elements can be changed.
The Process of Decision Making Essay
Rational Decision Making Model Essay
Reflective Essay On Decision Making
Essay on Decision Making
Essay on Business Decision Making
Essay on Decision Making Strategies
Decision Making
Essay about Ethical Decision Making
Essay on Decision Making
Decisions, Decisions, Decisions Essay
Reflection On Decision Making Process
Decision-Making Model Analysis Essay example
Essay on Making Decisions as an Engineer
Evidence-Based Decision-Making Essay
Persuasive Essay On Decision Making
Decision Making Models Essay example
Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Essay
My Personal Reflection On Decision Making
Essay on Critical Thinking and Decision Making
DECISION MAKING
Individual decision making
Decision –making is the “selection of a course of action from among alternatives; it is the core of planning.” - Koontz and Weihrich
Decision-making means selecting a course of action out of alternative courses to solve a problem. Decisions may be major or minor, strategic or operational, long-term or short-term. They are made for each functional area at each level. The importance of decisions, however, varies at each level.
Decision making is a modest attempt to match environmental opportunities with organisation’s strengths. It is based on forecasts and assumptions about environmental factors.
FEATURES OF DECISION MAKING
Identify the Problem
Diagnose the Problem
Establish Objectives
Collect Information
Generate Alternatives
Evaluate Alternatives
Select the Alternatives
Implement the Alternative
Monitor the Implementation
TYPES OF DECISIONS
TECHNIQUES OF DECISION MAKING
Linear programming
Simulation
Probability theory
Decision tree
Queuing theory
Gaming theory
Network theory
Modern techniques for making programmed decisions:
Creative Techniques
i. Brainstorming
ii. Nominal Group Technique
Richard L. Daft addresses themes and issues directly relevant to both the everyday demands and significant challenges facing businesses today. Comprehensive coverage helps develop managers able to look beyond traditional techniques and ideas to tap into a full breadth of management skills. With the best in proven management and new competencies that harness creativity, D.A.F.T. is Management!
In the age of speed, making decisions quickly is critical to project success. This presentation considers the decision making process, decision making styles, and how to focus and tailor discussions to arrive at meaningful decisions quickly.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Decision making is the central management activity, but its importance cannot be ascertained without pointing out the differences which individual managers face in making decisions.
All management decisions are not the same.
We know that, in practice, those occupying different positions within the organization and therefore performing a different set of management tasks, are confronted with very different types of decision.
So we need some kind of classification of decision types, in order that we can differentiate one decision from another.
CHANGE, RESISTANCE TO CHANGE, OVERCOME RESISTANCE TO CHANGENavya Jayakumar
Alternation which occurs in the overall work environment of an organization
The whole organisation tends to be affected by the change in any part of it
An enterprise can be changed in several ways. Its technology can be changed, its structure, its people and other elements can be changed.
The Process of Decision Making Essay
Rational Decision Making Model Essay
Reflective Essay On Decision Making
Essay on Decision Making
Essay on Business Decision Making
Essay on Decision Making Strategies
Decision Making
Essay about Ethical Decision Making
Essay on Decision Making
Decisions, Decisions, Decisions Essay
Reflection On Decision Making Process
Decision-Making Model Analysis Essay example
Essay on Making Decisions as an Engineer
Evidence-Based Decision-Making Essay
Persuasive Essay On Decision Making
Decision Making Models Essay example
Problem-Solving and Decision-Making Essay
My Personal Reflection On Decision Making
Essay on Critical Thinking and Decision Making
1WEEK TWO ASSIGNMENT 3Continuing Academic Success Stud.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
WEEK TWO ASSIGNMENT
3
Continuing Academic Success
Student Name
GEN/201
Date
Instructor
Continued Academic Success
Introduction (Thesis from week #2 here) Create an Opening statement and core theme for your Paper: Continuing Academic Success (50-75 words).
Heading #1 (Example Idea: Educational and Career Goals)
Include at least one educational goal and one career goal and how setting goals can lead to success (150-200 words).
Heading #2 (Example Idea: The Writing Process)
Discuss how the writing process can help you advance in your education and your career (150-200 words).
Heading #3 (Example Idea: Ethical Lens)
Share an example of how the information from your Ethical Lens Inventory can help you make better decisions (150-200 words).
Heading #4 (Example Idea: Critical Thinking Skills)
Elaborate on the steps will you take to improve your critical-thinking skills (150-200 words).
Heading #5 (Example Idea: UOPX Resources)
Highlight the university resources you will use to ensure academic success and also consider the benefits and challenges of working with outside sources (150-200 words).
Conclusion
Summarize your three or four main points and illustrate your closing viewpoints. As you conclude the paper feel free to include any other important lessons you learned in this course (150-200 words).
References (Place the “Reference(s)” on its own page.)
List at least three sources of reference. You should use the articles from the Sources assignment in week #4. (Saves time!)
Refer to the Reference and Citation Generator for proper formatting in the Center for Writing Excellence,
Revised 7/5/16
Module 01: Judgment in Managerial Decision-Making
Learning Outcomes
1. Critique the components of the decision-making process.
2. Explore prescriptive and descriptive decision-making.
3. Assess the use of heuristics in decision-making.
4. Evaluate the role of critical thinking in decision-making.
1. Leadership and Decision-Making
In this module, we will examine leadership and decision-making within the organization. As such, we will discuss the importance of decision-making and the organizational leader. Further, we will examine these important decision-making concepts in light of the various challenges that confront 21st-century organizations. As an organizational leader, it is important for you to have a solid understanding of leadership and decision-making as you help lead your organization toward its goals, objectives, and overall mission.
Leadership and Decision-Making
Leadership and decision-making go together hand-in-hand. In fact, leaders are often confronted with important decisions continually, even in the midst of uncertainty. Nevertheless, great leaders understand how to make decisions that have a positive impact on their organizations, employees, and stakeholders (Kase, 2010). In today's highly volatile global environment, organizational leaders are required to face challenges that confront their organizations with incr ...
The purpose of this study is to analyze empirically by using secondary data on the possibility of corporate fraud by using various fraud theory approach. The research model in this study was tested using the ordinary least square (OLS) analysis method. A total of 310 company data were collected which consisted of financial data and other supporting data published by companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the range of 2012 to 2017. This study provides empirical evidence that all the variant of fraud theory (fraud triangle theory, fraud diamond theory and fraud pentagon theory) can be investigated for its significant effect on corporate fraud by only using secondary data that are available and freely accessed by the public. The empirically tested research model in this study can provide a comprehensive understanding of practitioners, academics, government agencies and the general public in analyzing the topic of corporate fraud.
Traditional markets in Indonesia were created so that people from all walks of life can fulfill their needs, especially staple food products, without having to spend a lot of money. However, the prices of food products in different markets vary depending on the consumers of the particular market. The aims of this article were to compare the price difference of staple food products in several traditional markets and to find out the factors that cause the price difference. The data were collected by carrying out a survey to five traditional markets around Jakarta regarding the prices of ten staple food products. The data were analyzed quantitatively using statistical calculation ANOVA from SPSS version 22, and also qualitatively to discuss several factors underlying the price differences. Results revealed that price differences of staple food products were not only caused by market location, but other factors such as pricing strategy and consumer specification. This research implied that traditional markets were still chosen by Indonesian consumers to fulfill their needs because of the competitive price.
Airport enterprise innovation performance is a crucial issue that planners, decision makers and managers should focus in order to drive the airport enterprise performance towards sustainable development. The strategic infrastructure needs, and investments need to include improvements across all major factors that affect the innovation dimension of sustainable development.
Key objective of the paper is to highlight the challenges in airport enterprise management towards sustainable development in terms of innovation improvement. A performance evaluation towards innovation and sustainable development framework is adopted and a case study application highlights the crucial role of airport enterprise management performance innovation dimension towards sustainable development. Conventional wisdom is to stimulate the interest on topic and promote a framework addressing to evaluate airport enterprise management performance towards innovation and sustainable development.
In the business world, companies need high performance. Performance is the result or overall success rate of a person over a period of time in carrying out tasks compared to various possibilities, such as predetermined standards of work, targets, or criteria. The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence, and spiritual intelligence on employee performance. The population in this study were 63 employees of PT PLN (Persero). This study uses quantitative associative, with data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that both intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence, and spiritual intelligence had a positive and significant effect on employee performance. Intellectual intelligence has the greatest influence on employee performance, followed by spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence. Intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence together have an effect of 52.4% on employee performance, and the remaining 47.6% is influenced by other factors not explained in this study.
The main purpose of the research study is to analyze the effect of organizational commitment, job satisfaction and work insecurity as well as their impact on the performance of Bank Aceh Syariah. The samples of the research are 209 employees which are selected with survey methods. Data was collected by using questionnaire, and then the data was analyzed with statistical methods of structural equation model (SEM). The study found that the organizational commitment and job satisfaction have a negative effect on turnover intention, but positive effect on the performance of Bank Aceh Syariah. The work insecurity has a positive effect on turnover intention, but negatif effect on the performance of the bank.
This study aims to test the effect of employee engagement and organization trust on organization citizenship behaviour and its impact on organization Effectiveness. The object of this research is the government organization of Pidie Jaya with Echelon IV Officers as a respondent. The number of sample is determined by using proportional sampling technique and Slovin equation, and it provides 171 respondents. Data is analyzed using the path analysis with the SPSS program assistance. The findings describes that employee engagement, organization trust, organization citizenship behaviour and organization Effectiveness have been going well. For the verification test of direct effect provides: employee engagement effects organization citizenship behaviour; organization trust effects organization citizenship behaviour significantly; employee engagement effects organization Effectiveness significantly; organization trust effects organization effectiveness significantly, and; organization citizenship behaviour effects organization Effectiveness significantly. These all findings prove that the previous theories are still applicable, and these also apply in Government organization of Pidie Jaya District. The originality of this research is in its novelty in term of the object, time, and statistic approach. This result contributes to academic and research area in order to develop the next model and method. For the practical, this has verified that the variables in this research need more attention from the managers especially in organization related.
This paper is an analysis on the impact machine learning, Artificial Intelligence, and robotics has on the supply chain management. The analysis covers the basis of AI in the SCM mechanisms while defining it from the ground up. Later on, to shed a true light on supply first the paper zooms in on the effects of machines in marketing. From what particular methodologies are deployed in today’s environment extending all the way to its anticipated outcomes. As the reader progresses he/she will find valuable studies on the main segments of machine learning within the supply chain itself. Certain novelties and innovations are scrutinized regarding SCM alongside these studies. These innovations are exemplified by certain cases presented in Part 3. The penultimate section briefly examines the possible drawbacks of the surge in machine application in SCM. The final section compiles the ideas presented in the paper as a whole and gives a glimpse of an estimate for the near future.
Huang (2018) decomposes the differences in quantile portfolio returns using distribution regression. The main issue of using distribution regression is that the decomposition results are path dependent. In this paper, we are able to obtain path independent decomposition results by combining the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and the recentered influence function regression method. We show that aggregate composition effects are all positive across quantiles and the market factor is the most significant factor which has detailed composition effect monotonically decreasing with quantiles. The main decomposition results are consistent with Huang (2018)
In Kenya, the newly promulgated constitution of 2010 (CoK, 2010), provides the basis of monitoring and evaluation as an important tool for operationalizing National and County Government projects to ensure projects success, integrity, transparency and accountability. The county governments are responsible for delivering basic services in collaboration with other agencies and partners to enhance quality of life: however, the county government projects has been marred by lack of integrity, transparency, accountability and litany of other monitoring and evaluation weakness which has undermined the impacts and success of projects including Regional Economic Blocs. Lake Region Economic Bloc (LREB) which comprised of fourteen counties bordering Lake Victoria Basin is not sparred either. The study was conducted in six LREB Counties namely, Migori, Homabay, Kisumu, Siaya, Kakamega and Vihiga chosen in a random manner. This study specifically assessed the effectiveness of Monitoring and Evaluation methods on the Performance of County Governments Projects. The study was guided by the theory of change. The research was carried out using descriptive survey design which entails both qualitative and quantitative data collection procedures. The researcher used stratified random sampling techniques to draw a sample from the study population. The qualitative method focused on group discussion and in-depth interviews. The quantitative techniques employed questionnaires to 398 purposively selected subjects from the county projects. Data collection was from two main sources; primary and secondary. Secondary sources included relevant county documents, constitution, legislations, policy documents and reports among others. The Study employed questionnaires, Focus group discussion and Interview guide as its primary data collection method. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 18.0 was used for analysis. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics techniques and presented in tables and figures. The study findings indicated thatM&E methods, indicated by the coefficient of effectiveness (R2) which is also evidenced by F change 109.403>p-values (0.05). This implies that this variableis significant (since the p values<0.05) and therefore should be considered as part of effectiveness of M&E systems on the performance of County Governments projects. The study concludes that there are no effective and adequate projects monitoring and evaluation methods in place for County Government Projects, which can facilitate the achievement of desired projects performance and outcomes. The study recommends that the County Government should develop a clear M&E methods for each project with clear data collection, analysis, reporting and implementation methods. This Study recommends further research to be conducted in the other Regional County Economic Blocs.
Regardless of where the Igbo man is, within or without the Igbo regions, trust is one of the foremost vital tool in business dealings and negotiations. This study aims at revealing the kind of trust apparent, and unique to the Igbo-men in business, how the Igbo-men build trust in their business, the antecedents of trust building in Igbo land, and the impacts of those trust in business dealings and negotiation. Through the process of content data analysis, results were drawn from a percentage margin of answers and feedbacks generated from real life experiences and discussions from unstructured interview from selected Igbo-men across the five states of the south-east region of Nigeria, which shows that 70% percentage of the Igbos practice the affective based trust in business dealings and negotiations, while 18% percentage practice cognitive based trust, 7% engages in both affective and cognitive based trust, and the remaining 5% are undecided.
This study is directed to determine the role of government treasurer in state university in tax compliance. With the spirit of the state apparatus, especially the Civil Servant, in reporting the taxes, it is expected to become a continuously growing and infectious snowball to the taxpayers to report their taxes correctly, completely and clearly as well as to avoid administrative sanctions that are subject to such non-compliance. This study method used is qualitative, the source of this study is government treasurer. The use of this qualitative approach is based on the concept of natural setting, grounded theory, descriptive, more concerned with the process than the outcome, temporary design, and research results are negotiated and agreed upon. The results show that treasurers have a big role in tax compliance, but however, there are still many obstacles that must be faced in fulfilling their financial obligations. this research was conducted only in one state university, so that data that could be processed was very limited.
The corporate governance is a popular topic within two last decade, and the emerging economies are practicing &enhancing their performances. The review is conducted to assess the effectiveness of the corporate governance implications on firm’s performances. The study followed the deductive approach and the journal articles, and the reports have used the source of the review. As per the literature findings, the researcher developed a conceptual design for the case review. The independent variable is the corporate governance mechanism, and the dependent variable is organizations performances. Both independent and dependent variables comprise the different type of corporate governance practice and the different function of the organizational performances. The review found that all the types of corporate governance practices are influenced to the organizational performance and the better corporate governance mechanism can enhance all type of performances.
Innovative work behavior is likely to be an important need for the increasing performance of the hospital to provide the health public services. Theoretically and empirically, the behaviors be related to employee perception on management support, information technology and employee empowerment. The study aims to determine the effect of management supports and information technology on employee empowerment as well as their impact on the innovative work behaviors of the employee of dr. Zainoel Abidin District Hospital Banda Aceh. The study conducted of 302 employees of the hospital. The data collected by questionnaire and then the data is analyzed by statistical means of structural equation model (SEM). The study found that management support and information technology have a positive and significant effect on the employee empowerment and innovative work behavior. The employee empowerment mediates the effect of management supports and information technology on the innovative work behavior.
This research deals with an insight and analysis of the economy projectification in a smaller country, here represented by Croatia. The study was inspired by similar research conducted in Germany, Island and Norway and it is based on similar but partly adapted methodology. The objective of this study is to measure level of economy projectification in a smaller country, and to provide relevant data related for the level of project work. The random sample of 250 companies, from both public and private sectors, was selected across nine sectors of the economy. A stratified random sampling was drawn and interviews were conducted via telephone, so as on-line survey. While analysing collected data and considering the objectives of this paper, only basic statistical analyses were applied for calculating averages and mean values. This study confirmed that projectification trends and figures in a smaller country are similar to those in larger or developed countries. During the period of last five years, the projectification level of the Croatian economy was increased from 27% (in 2013.) to33% (in 2018.). The results show significant difference in projectification among the different sectors of economy, so as changes and trends over the recent time period.
This paper is designed to show how integrated process planning and cross employee planning can be a vital part to any business operation. It will also uncover how different integrated processes and employee relations will help a business to grow. Various topics ranging from enterprise resource planning, integrated planning in supply chains, the non-linear approach, innovation and digitalization coupled with cross training and empowerment, Human resources, and Manager Employee relations complement each other and could bring an organization together. Various thought processes and intellectual reasoning skills were instrumental in all consideration of this project. Many antiquated processes were changed over the years to update operations in the business world where conventional means were not effective. Integrating product planning and employee planning optimized operations both in the product and service industry and I will accent many of these optimizations. With recent technological advances and human relations tactics, project management and organization has been streamlined and works more productively than its predecessors. Regardless of the industry, integrated process planning, and cross employee planning could possible turn a dinosaur into a competitive part of the economy.
One of the problems in big cities are transportation.They solve this problem by providing mass transportation such bus or train. People use this facility to travel between surrounding cities or within the city. Jakarta recently has a new public transportation called TransJakarta which serving people travelingfrom nearby cities and in the city.In order to move or doing business between places people in Jakarta use TransJakarta This research aims to analyse ticket price, service quality and customer value toward customer satisfaction. We conducted a research by using questionnaires given to thepassangers and developed a model using a multiple regression to process the result from questionnaires. Samples were taken from The number of sample for this reseach was 130 customers taken from one bus stop which passengers traveled from BSD City to Grogol and Slipi. The results from partial testing showed that customer value andservice quality have effect on customer satisfaction while ticket price does not have effect on customer satisfaction.
This study aims to examine the mediating effect of Trust in the relationship between Perceived Website Quality (PWQual), eWOM, and Perceived Benefits on Consumer Attitudes Toward Online Shopping in Indonesia. The sample in this research are online shopping consumers in Indonesia there 118 respondents. The design research used a survey model purposive sampling method as a sampling technique. The data analyze in this research used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) as an analysis technique with AMOS as analysis tools. This research shows that : Perceived Website Quality has a significant effect on Perceived Benefits and Trust, Perceived Benefits and Trust has a significant effect on Consumer Attitudes Toward Online Shopping, Perceived Website Quality has a significant effect on Consumer Attitudes Toward Online Shopping through Trust
Dairying is one of the livestock productions practiced almost all over Ethiopia, involving a vast number of small, medium, or large-sized, subsistence or market-oriented farms. However, the structure and performance of dairy sectors and its products marketing both for domestic consumption and for export is generally perceived poor in Ethiopia due to different challenges. These challenges vary across different production system to another and/or from one location to another. Among other challenges seasonality of production, spoilage (lack of milk collecting facilities), poor animal health and management, inadequate supply of quality feed, low productivity and genetics ,quality problem, weak vertical integration, absence processing plant, inadequate permanent trade routes and other facilities like feeds, water, holding grounds, lack or non-provision of transport, lack of access to land, ineffectiveness and inadequate infrastructural and institutional set-ups, prevalence of diseases, lack of credit and inadequate market information are dominant in Ethiopia. Therefore, market infrastructure facilities, producers cooperative, feed quality and quantity provision system need to be strengthen for effective dairy value chain development.
This research paper examines customer intention to reorder in respect to delivery service and product satisfaction. Our research model includes delivery service, satisfaction and reorder intention. Satisfaction in this research model work as mediating variable. A survey method was adopted to collect data, collected data were analysis using SPSS to see the correlation between variables. A significant relationship was found between delivery service and reorder intention as well as moderating role was also note with satisfaction and reorder intention.
This paper examines the impact of internet use on student performance. In this cross-sectional study, one hundred twenty survey responses were collected from plus two-level students from BirendranagarSurkhet. The respondents were selected from class 11 and 12 students randomly. Frequency of internet use, location of internet use, cooperation from teachers for internet learning and peer group influence on internet use for academic purpose has been analyzed with their academic performance.one sample t test was used to analyze the data. The finding concludes all these variables have positive impact if the student use internet for learning process. Similarly, the analysis shows that the student who used internet at home for learning purpose has found highest academic achievement.
More from The International Journal of Business Management and Technology (20)
Senior Project and Engineering Leader Jim Smith.pdfJim Smith
I am a Project and Engineering Leader with extensive experience as a Business Operations Leader, Technical Project Manager, Engineering Manager and Operations Experience for Domestic and International companies such as Electrolux, Carrier, and Deutz. I have developed new products using Stage Gate development/MS Project/JIRA, for the pro-duction of Medical Equipment, Large Commercial Refrigeration Systems, Appliances, HVAC, and Diesel engines.
My experience includes:
Managed customized engineered refrigeration system projects with high voltage power panels from quote to ship, coordinating actions between electrical engineering, mechanical design and application engineering, purchasing, production, test, quality assurance and field installation. Managed projects $25k to $1M per project; 4-8 per month. (Hussmann refrigeration)
Successfully developed the $15-20M yearly corporate capital strategy for manufacturing, with the Executive Team and key stakeholders. Created project scope and specifications, business case, ROI, managed project plans with key personnel for nine consumer product manufacturing and distribution sites; to support the company’s strategic sales plan.
Over 15 years of experience managing and developing cost improvement projects with key Stakeholders, site Manufacturing Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, Maintenance, and facility support personnel to optimize pro-duction operations, safety, EHS, and new product development. (BioLab, Deutz, Caire)
Experience working as a Technical Manager developing new products with chemical engineers and packaging engineers to enhance and reduce the cost of retail products. I have led the activities of multiple engineering groups with diverse backgrounds.
Great experience managing the product development of products which utilize complex electrical controls, high voltage power panels, product testing, and commissioning.
Created project scope, business case, ROI for multiple capital projects to support electrotechnical assembly and CPG goods. Identified project cost, risk, success criteria, and performed equipment qualifications. (Carrier, Electrolux, Biolab, Price, Hussmann)
Created detailed projects plans using MS Project, Gant charts in excel, and updated new product development in Jira for stakeholders and project team members including critical path.
Great knowledge of ISO9001, NFPA, OSHA regulations.
User level knowledge of MRP/SAP, MS Project, Powerpoint, Visio, Mastercontrol, JIRA, Power BI and Tableau.
I appreciate your consideration, and look forward to discussing this role with you, and how I can lead your company’s growth and profitability. I can be contacted via LinkedIn via phone or E Mail.
Jim Smith
678-993-7195
jimsmith30024@gmail.com
A presentation on mastering key management concepts across projects, products, programs, and portfolios. Whether you're an aspiring manager or looking to enhance your skills, this session will provide you with the knowledge and tools to succeed in various management roles. Learn about the distinct lifecycles, methodologies, and essential skillsets needed to thrive in today's dynamic business environment.
Integrity in leadership builds trust by ensuring consistency between words an...Ram V Chary
Integrity in leadership builds trust by ensuring consistency between words and actions, making leaders reliable and credible. It also ensures ethical decision-making, which fosters a positive organizational culture and promotes long-term success. #RamVChary
Employment PracticesRegulation and Multinational CorporationsRoopaTemkar
Employment PracticesRegulation and Multinational Corporations
Strategic decision making within MNCs constrained or determined by the implementation of laws and codes of practice and by pressure from political actors. Managers in MNCs have to make choices that are shaped by gvmt. intervention and the local economy.
Org Design is a core skill to be mastered by management for any successful org change.
Org Topologies™ in its essence is a two-dimensional space with 16 distinctive boxes - atomic organizational archetypes. That space helps you to plot your current operating model by positioning individuals, departments, and teams on the map. This will give a profound understanding of the performance of your value-creating organizational ecosystem.
Comparing Stability and Sustainability in Agile SystemsRob Healy
Copy of the presentation given at XP2024 based on a research paper.
In this paper we explain wat overwork is and the physical and mental health risks associated with it.
We then explore how overwork relates to system stability and inventory.
Finally there is a call to action for Team Leads / Scrum Masters / Managers to measure and monitor excess work for individual teams.
Public Speaking Tips to Help You Be A Strong Leader.pdfPinta Partners
In the realm of effective leadership, a multitude of skills come into play, but one stands out as both crucial and challenging: public speaking.
Public speaking transcends mere eloquence; it serves as the medium through which leaders articulate their vision, inspire action, and foster engagement. For leaders, refining public speaking skills is essential, elevating their ability to influence, persuade, and lead with resolute conviction. Here are some key tips to consider: https://joellandau.com/the-public-speaking-tips-to-help-you-be-a-stronger-leader/
The case study discusses the potential of drone delivery and the challenges that need to be addressed before it becomes widespread.
Key takeaways:
Drone delivery is in its early stages: Amazon's trial in the UK demonstrates the potential for faster deliveries, but it's still limited by regulations and technology.
Regulations are a major hurdle: Safety concerns around drone collisions with airplanes and people have led to restrictions on flight height and location.
Other challenges exist: Who will use drone delivery the most? Is it cost-effective compared to traditional delivery trucks?
Discussion questions:
Managerial challenges: Integrating drones requires planning for new infrastructure, training staff, and navigating regulations. There are also marketing and recruitment considerations specific to this technology.
External forces vary by country: Regulations, consumer acceptance, and infrastructure all differ between countries.
Demographics matter: Younger generations might be more receptive to drone delivery, while older populations might have concerns.
Stakeholders for Amazon: Customers, regulators, aviation authorities, and competitors are all stakeholders. Regulators likely hold the greatest influence as they determine the feasibility of drone delivery.
Enriching engagement with ethical review processesstrikingabalance
New ethics review processes at the University of Bath. Presented at the 8th World Conference on Research Integrity by Filipa Vance, Head of Research Governance and Compliance at the University of Bath. June 2024, Athens
12 steps to transform your organization into the agile org you deservePierre E. NEIS
During an organizational transformation, the shift is from the previous state to an improved one. In the realm of agility, I emphasize the significance of identifying polarities. This approach helps establish a clear understanding of your objectives. I have outlined 12 incremental actions to delineate your organizational strategy.
12 steps to transform your organization into the agile org you deserve
To Study the Decision Making Process in an Organization for its Effectiveness
1. www.theijbmt.com 73 | Page
The International Journal of Business Management and Technology, Volume 3 Issue 1 January - February 2019
ISSN: 2581-3889
Research Article Open Access
To Study the Decision Making Process in an Organization
for its Effectiveness
Suraj Panpatte1
, V.D. Takale2
12Indian Institute of plantation Management Bangalore, India
Jnana Bharathi Campus, P.O. Malathalli, Kengunte circle, Bangalore, Karnataka 560056
Abstract: In this paper we discuss the decision making process in an organization for effectiveness. In this process
including six important steps useful for organization effectively done. In such complex and fast changing organization
environment, manager and employees are faced with many problem and they have make decision. Decision making is
an integral part of the management of any organization. (Pearce II & Robinson- 1989) indicate that decision making is
inevitable because to explicitly avoid making a decision is in itself to make a decision. Managers are usually making
many decision some of them strategic and other operational. Decision making is referred to as the heart of the
management process (Mann 1976). Decisions are long, complex, highly unstructured and risky and have great impact on
the future on organization. Decision making is the process of making choices by identifying a decision, gathering
information, and assessing alternative resolutions. Using a step-by-step decision-making process can help you make
more deliberate, thoughtful decisions by organizing relevant information and defining alternatives.
Keywords: Decision Making, Manager, Management Process, Strategic Operational
I. Introduction
The main activities of an organization consist making decision making. ―Decision-making involves the selection of a
course action from among two or more possible alternatives in order to arrive at a solution for a given problem‖
(Trewatha & Newport). According to Kreitner (1966) decision making is a process of identifying and choosing an
alternative course of action in a manner appropriate to the demand of the situation.
According to R. C. Davis, "management is a decision-making process." Decision-making is an intellectual process which
involves selection of one course of action out of many alternatives. Decision-making will be followed by second function
of management called planning. The other elements which follow planning are many such as organising, directing,
coordinating, controlling and motivating
The act of choosing implies that an alternative course of action must be weighed and weeded out. The term ―decision
making‖ has been defined as a process of judging various available options and narrowing down choices to a situation
one. Decision making is considered as the backbone of the business management because without taking the right
decision at right time, nothing can be performed. Decision making is the act of making a choice among available
alternatives. There are many decisions taken by human being in daily life. Successful and effective decision making
makes profit to the organization and ineffective ones make losses. Therefore corporate decision making process is the
most critical process in any organization. Decision making is the selection based on some criteria from two or more
possible alternatives (George R. Terry). According to Archer (1980) Barnard's idea was ignored, and likewise little
attention was paid to Bross's (1953) decision-making process, which was composed of the following:
i. Responding to conditions in the environment,
ii. Determining mutually exclusive courses of actions, and
iii. Selecting a course of action to achieve a specific purpose.
2. www.theijbmt.com 74 | Page
To Study the Decision Making Process in an Organization for its Effectiveness
Decision making process requires thinking process, time, resources and past experiences. Thinking process plays an
important role in this process. Decision plays important role as they determine both organizational and managerial
activities. Decision is made at every level of management to ensure organization or business goal are achieved. Every
organization needs to make effective decision at one or other as part of managerial process. Decision made by the
organization is to lighten the way forward. The most of the management decisions are taken under the influence of
external and internal environmental constraints. As the environment is constantly changingand the information is not
always complete and available, management decisions canbe made in certain, uncertain and risky conditions. Decisions
made in uncertain and risky conditions (Rutherford Silvers J., 2008; Dragomir, C., 2012; Stefanescu, R., 2013) are
characteristic to complex, unstructured and unplanned problems, features of strategic management. The managers‘
decision-making process has developed over time not only due to the complexity of the problems they are facing, but
also to the contribution of theorists and practitioners in enriching specific literature. Achieving the organization‘s goals
in a complex and volatile environment where managers are forced to make faster decisions and to change them as fast,
decision-making models are useful. The quality and speed of decision making is the key determinant of board success or
failure (Mc Gregor, 2010).
The goals identification, providing alternatives for solving the problem and the weighing and balancing the values and
intrest are crucical for the quality of decision making process (Flueler and Blowers, 2007). This requires the risk analyses
to discriminate between alternatives (Dezfuli et al., 2010). Most of the decisions are programmed and motivated, but
some decisions are made due to environment influence.
On the basis of several aspects of decision making, the following characteristics may be derived:
a) Decision making is an integral part of planning. Every planner has to choose an appropriate solution or
alternative among the available options.
b) It involves the judgment and discretion of the decision maker.
c) It is not an entirely rational process because decisions are bound to be affected and colored by the personal
likes, dislikes and whims of the manager who makes them.
d) Decisions made by managers involve the commitment of the organization to adopt a specific recourse of action
and utilize resources in a particular manner.
e) Decision making like managing is a human and social process implying the interference of an individual as
well as social factors.
f) An intelligent manager will always take into account the social and human implications of a decision before
making a final choice.
g) Decision making is a purposeful activity because it is directed towards the achievement of a goal and
objectives.
h) Decisions are made by managers to solve problems, resolve crises and conflicts and tackle the situation.
i) Decisions made by managers may sometimes have a negative effect for a short period of time.
j) Decision making requires enough liberty to be given to managers so that they can also make use of their
experience, skill and judgment.
1.1 Type of Decisions
Decisions taken by organization may be classified under various categories depending upon the scope, importance and
the impact that they create in the organization. The following are the different types of decisions:
a. Programmed and Non-programmed Decisions
Programmed decisions are normally repetitive in nature. They are the easiest to make. For example: making purchase
orders, sanctioning of different types of leave, increments in salary, settlement of normal disputes, etc. Managers in
dealing with such issues of routine nature usually follow the established procedures. On the other hand, non-
programmed decisions are different in that they are non-routine in nature. They are related to some exceptional
situations for which there are no established methods of handling such things. For example: Issues related to handling a
serious industrial relations problem, declining market share, increasing competition, problems with the collaborator,
growing public hostility towards the organization fall in this category.
3. www.theijbmt.com 75 | Page
To Study the Decision Making Process in an Organization for its Effectiveness
b. Operational and Strategic Decisions
Operational or tactical decisions relate to the present. The primary purpose is to achieve high degree of efficiency in the
company‘s ongoing operations. Better working conditions, effective supervision, prudent use of existing resources,
better maintenance of the equipment, etc., fall in this category. One the other hand, expanding the scale of operations,
entering new markets, changing the product mix, shifting the manufacturing facility from one place to the other,
striking alliances with other companies, etc., are strategic in nature. Such decisions will have far reaching impact on the
organization.
c. Organizational and Personal Decisions
Decisions taken by managers in the ordinary course of business in their capacity as managers relating to the
organizational issues are organizational decisions. For example: decisions regarding introducing a new incentive
system, transferring an employee, reallocation or redeployment of employees etc. are taken by managers to achieve
certain objectives. As against such decisions, managers do take some decisions which are purely personal in nature.
However, their impact may not exactly confine to their selves and they may affect the organization also. For example:
the manager‘s decision to quit the organization, though personal in nature, may impact for the organization.
d. Individual and Group Decisions
It is quite common that some decisions are taken by a manager individually while some decisions are taken collectively
by a group of managers. Individual decisions are taken where the problem is of routine nature, whereas important and
strategic decisions which have a bearing on many aspects of the organization are generally taken by a group. Group
decision making is preferred these days because it contributes for better coordination among the people concerned with
the implementation of the decision.
II. Research Methodology
In this paper, we present the methodological framework adopted in this study. Discuss the various research
philosophies and approaches, and review the choices involved in the research design and explain which of these are
relevant to this study.
III. Data Collection Methods
The study is based on secondary data collected from various sources like journals, conference papers and internet
sources, and objectives of this paper to study about the decision making process in an organization.
IV. Decision Making Process
Decision making is an important process in any business organization. Lots of resources are involved in it. Decision-
making process involves the existence of a decision problem which have be understood by the decision-maker and
accurately defined to find opportunities to solve it. Incorrect decisions may lead to downfall of the organization, that‘s
why the process followed needs to be correct.
Decision making is an intellectual process of selecting optimal and best option among many alternative choices. It
results in an outcome which can be in form of action. The stages or steps of decision making process are different
according to authors approach. Among the most used approaches are: decision-making process in 7 steps. In many
cases, problem solving and decision-making are interchangeable terms. Since in the process of solving the problem
choosing a solution is one of the steps to follow and the decision is made in limited time or under pressure, it makes the
problem solving and the decision making to be integrated.
4.1 The decision-making process in 7 steps
The decision-making process is spreads out in three stages: identifying phase (opportunities, problem, and crises are
recognized and relevant information is collected and problems are more clearly identified), development phase
4. www.theijbmt.com 76 | Page
To Study the Decision Making Process in an Organization for its Effectiveness
(alternative solutions to problems are generated and modified) and selection phase (alternative solutions to problems
are generated and modified) and seven steps. The seven steps followed by the author (Litherland, N., 2013) are:
defining the problem, identifying and limiting the factors, development of potential solutions, analysis of the
alternatives, selecting the best alternative, implementing the decision and establishing a control and evaluation system.
I. Identify the decision
The first step in the decision-making process is identifying the problem. To make a decision, you must first identify the
problem you need to solve. The manager should consider critical or strategic factors in defining the problem. These
factors are, in fact, obstacles in the way of finding proper solution. These are also known as limiting factors. This process
must, as a minimum, identify root causes, limiting assumptions, system and organizational boundaries and interfaces.
First of all, managers must identify the problem. The problem has to be found and defined. Symptoms are identified and
problems should be judged, symptoms are not problems. They are warning signs of problems. So, managers should
search for symptoms for identification of problems. The first step needed in taking a decision is to have detected a
difference between the current situation and the desired situation. This discrepancy, or problem, exerts pressure on the
managing director, forcing him/her to take action, whether it is in such fields as company policy, deadlines, financial
recession, or concerning future job evaluations, among other possibilities.
Figure 1: The decision-making process in 7 steps
II. Collect relevant information
Once you have identified your decision, it‘s time to gather the information relevant to that choice. After defining and
analyzing the problem, the next step is to develop alternative solutions. The main aim of developing alternative
solutions is to have the best possible decision out of the available alternative courses of action. In developing alternative
solutions the manager comes across creative or original solutions to the problems.
III. Identify the alternatives
With relevant information now at your fingertips, identify possible solutions to your problem. There is usually more
than one option to consider when trying meeting a goal—for example, if your company is trying to gain more
engagement on social media, your alternatives could include paid social advertisements, a change in your organic social
media strategy, or a combination of the two.
1
•Identify the decision
2
•Collect relevant information
3
•Identify the alternatives
4
•Developing alternative solutions
5
•Implementation of the decision
6
•Take action
7
•Review decision
5. www.theijbmt.com 77 | Page
To Study the Decision Making Process in an Organization for its Effectiveness
IV. Developing alternative solutions
After defining and analyzing the problem, the next step is to develop alternative solutions. The main aim of developing
alternative solutions is to have the best possible decision out of the available alternative courses of action. In developing
alternative solutions the manager comes across creative or original solutions to the problems. In modern times, the
techniques of operations research and computer applications are immensely helpful in the development of alternative
courses of action. Once you have identified multiple alternatives, weigh the evidence for or against said alternatives. See
what companies have done in the past to succeed in these areas, and take a good hard look at your own organization‘s
wins and losses. Identify potential pitfalls for each of your alternatives, and weigh those against the possible rewards.
V. Implementation of the decision
To gathered all relevant information, and developed and considered the potential paths to take. You are perfectly
prepared to choose. After you‘ve ranked your options, you must choose the one that you think has the strongest chance
of achieving your goal. In some instances, you can combine several options, but in most cases, there will be a clear-cut
direction you want to take.
VI. Take action
Once you‘ve made your decision, act on it! Develop a plan to make your decision tangible and achievable. Use
Lucidchart diagrams to plan the projects related to your decision, and then set the team loose on their tasks once the
plan is in place.
VII. Review decision
Last and important step in the decision making process is evaluating your decision for effectiveness. Follow- up enables
to identify the shortcoming or negatives consequences of the decision. It provides valuable feed- back on which the
decision may be reviewed or reconsidered.
VIII. Conclusion
The study demonstrated the meaning of decision making process in organization, scope of decision making and why it
is important. It has also explained the various types of decision making models. There are different strategies for
decision making. Decision environment includes risk, certain, uncertain environment. As we have mentioned above that
there are certain parameters over which we can judge which decision making model is effective. Characteristics of good
decision making model would include factors like resource utilization, risk, profitability, complexity, impact on
business, real time application. The process generally consists of several steps: identifying problems, generating
alternatives, evaluating alternatives, choosing an alternative, implementing the decision, and evaluating decision
effectiveness.
Reference
[1.] Deepika Verma (2014) - ‗Study and Analysis of Various Decision Making Models in an Organization‘- IOSR
Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
[2.] Dr. Hussien Ahmad Al-Tarawneh (2012) – ‗The Main Factors beyond Decision Making‘, Journal of
Management Research, ISSN 1941-899X 2012, Vol. 4, No. 1: E18
[3.] Emma Butterfield (March, 2016) Managerial Decision making and Management Accounting Information
[4.] Fred C. Lunenburg (2010) - ‗The Decision Making Process‘, National Forum of Educational Administration and
Supervision Journal Volume 27, Number 4, 2010
[5.] George E. Monhan ‗Management Decision Making‘- Spreadsheet modeling, analysis and application
6. www.theijbmt.com 78 | Page
To Study the Decision Making Process in an Organization for its Effectiveness
[6.] Oriana Negulescu and Elena Doval- (2014) ‗The quality of decision making process related to organizations
effectiveness‘
[7.] Oriana-Helena Negulescu (2014) - Using a Decision-Making Process Model In Strategic Management
[8.] Said Elbanna (2006) - Strategic Decision Making: Process perspectives - Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2006
[9.] Sanjeev Swami (2013) - Executive functions and decision making: A managerial review, IIMB Management
Review (2013) 25, 203-212
[10.] Thanh Pham- Decision Traps: Ten Barriers to Brilliant Decision-Making andhow to Overcome Them J.Eward
Russo and Paul J.H. Schoemaker
[11.] Thomas L. Saaty (2008) ‗Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process‘- Int. J. Services Sciences, Vol. 1,
No. 1, 2008
[12.] Vassilis M. Papadakis and Spyros Lioukas (1998 ) - Strategic Decision-Making Processes: The Role of
Management and Context