The document provides details about a group project visit to Christ Church in Malacca, Malaysia. It includes an acknowledgements section thanking those involved in coordinating the visit. The history section describes the importance of Malacca as a port city and details the origins of Christ Church as a Dutch Reformed church built in 1741. Measurements and architectural features of the church building are discussed, including its Dutch Colonial style.

1.
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
THE DESIGN SCHOOL
TAMADUN ISLAM AND TAMADUN ASIA [MPU3123]
LECTURER: ​Ms​. ​Fadhilah Raihan Lokman
SUBMISSION DATE:
GROUP MEMBERS:
Andy Heng 0327152
Abdul Qayyum 0320220
Adele Lu Khai Syn 0323151
Angela Wee Kah Man 0322970
Amir Hilman Bin Zuraimi 0323767
Alison Tang Ing Ee 0323705
Alfred Loh Kai Xuan 0323581
Alwin Ng Kun Ket 0323596
Adam Wong 0322520

2.
Acknowledgements
First of all, we would like to express our gratitude to Ms. Fadhilah Raihan
Lokman for giving us the opportunity to visit the historical site of our choice which in this
case is the Christ Church in Malacca. Through her guidance and explanations, we
managed to complete the assignment in a short and efficient manner. This project has
been very beneficial indeed in a sense that we get to understand and learn more on the
aesthetic values and the moral values that can be extracted from this particular
historical site. It also gives us a great pleasure to submit this report project on the Christ
Church. Also, many thanks to all of the group members who have participated on our
historical site visit to Malacca. The success of this project is a result of sheer hardwork
and determination of all the members with the help of our project guide. Every
contribution to the group is very much appreciated. Finally, we are indebted to our
family, friends and others who have been supportive throughout the whole process until
the completion of this project. We are also thankful to our friend from another group who
has helped us in arranging our transport. Without their support, this project would have
never been completed.

3.
History
Malacca
During the Malay Sultanate, the port of Malacca was the busiest in the world, due to two factors.
First, the Malay rulers of Malacca took pains to maintain the security of the Malacca Straits,
thus, directing much of the trade flow in the world. Second, the Malacca maritime law ensured
that trade was regulated fairly, watched over by the Harbormaster who had the final say in all
transactions. Traders from Europe and other parts of Asia conducted businesses in Malacca
with a degree of confidence other Southeast Asian ports lacked.
The Malacca River was a busy waterway during the Malay Sultanate, as well as during the
Portuguese and Dutch rule. At the estuary of the Malacca River ships from the Malay
peninsular, other parts of the Malay Archipelago, India, China, Middle East and Europe
anchored and bartered goods.
By the end of the 18th century, the estuary of the Malacca River narrowed and silted, less able
to handle large transcontinental cargo ships. Small boats and junks were used instead to
transfer goods from the larger ships to the port and vice versa.
Unlike the Malay Sultanate, the Portuguese and the Dutch abhorred free trading. They adopted
a system of monopoly trade, levying astronomical taxes that drove traders away. When the
British took over, they were keener to develop Penang and Singapore, at the expense of
Malacca. The port of Malacca eventually fell into neglect.
Christ Church
Christ Church is an 18​th​
century Anglican Church sited in Malacca, Malaysia. It is located at
Jalan Gereja also known as Church Street. The Christ Church is one of the most significant
landmark in Malacca, also the most prominent buildings at Stadhuys or commonly called the
Red Square.
This area where the church was located, was built in 1650 when the Dutch ruled this oriental
gem called Malacca. In 1741, the Christ Church started its construction and was completed after
12 years which was in the year of 1753. Although the Dutch took over Malacca from the
Portuguese in 1641, they only built their own church 100 years later. This is because the Dutch
uses the existing St. Paul’s Church as their main parish church. When time passes, they
decided to build their own church in a more strategic location to replace the St.Paul’s Church on
St.Pauls Hill when their presence in Malacca became more stable.

4.
Measurement of Christ Church in Malacca
When the dutch took over Malacca from the Portuguese, they built this this Church as a
place for the Dutch to pray as they don’t have any other church for themselves except for small
chapel built by portuguese on St. Paul Hill. It is built in Dutch Colonial architecture style and was
design as a simple rectangle of 14x37 meter.
Rectangle measured by 14x37 meter
Front Porch Depth of 3.00m and Width of 12.80m

5.
Entrance door on the middle ­ 3.40m height and 3.10m width
Door on the left and right ­ 3.40m height and 1.36 width
The height of the building is 12.49m while the width of the facade is 12.80m.

6.
Location of Christ Church in Malacca
The location of Christ Church in Malacca is located at Jalan Geraja, next to Muzium
Belia Malaysia in Malacca.
The approximate location of the church is 2.194304' N, 102.249505' E (WGS 84 map datum).

7.
Introduction
TITAS allow us to understand the civilization discipline that highlight the development of
Islamic and Asian civilization. In order to provide students with a higher learning
outcome, the course requires us to choose one of the given topics and make a detailed
report regarding our site in relation to the choosing topic. We decided to pick
“Pre­Historic period of Malaysia” as our topic and the site chosen by us is the historic
Christ Church in Malacca. We chose the selected site as it will help us to understand
more about the historic buildings based on its long lasting history, unique style of
architecture and the materials which were used in construction during that era. The
study on construction of the building also provides a valuable insight to many visible
interesting features available in and out of the building. One such is the function of the
building in the past which operates mainly as a religious building to the christian
anglicans who lived nearby.

8.
Christ Church,Melaka
Christ Church is an 18th­century Anglican church in the city of Malacca, Malaysia. It is
the oldest functioning Protestant church in Malaysia and is within the jurisdiction of the
Lower Central Archdeaconry of the Anglican Diocese of West Malaysia.

9.
​Timeline
​1741 ​In commemoration of the centenary of the capture of Malacca from the
Portuguese, the Dutch burgher community decided to build a new church to
replace the ageing Bovenkerk. The foundation stone was laid by the Malacca
born Captain of the Malacca Burghers, Abraham de Wind, on behalf of his
father ,Claas de Wind, a prominent Burgher who had been the Secunde
(Deputy Governor) of Malacca.
1753​ The church was completed 12 years later and replaced the Bovenkerk as the
primary Dutch Reformed Church in Dutch Malacca.
1824 ​ The signing of the Anglo­Dutch Treaty of 1824
1838 ​Possession of Malacca was transferred to the British East India Companyt
he church was re­consecrated with the rites of the Church of England by
Daniel Wilson, Bishop of Calcutta and renamed Christ Church.
1858​ The maintenance of the church was taken over by the Government of the Straits
Settlements
1911 ​ Originally painted white, the church and the neighbouring Stadthuys building
was painted red and this distinctive colour scheme has remained the hallmark of
Malacca's Dutch­era buildings since.

10.
Architecture
­ The church is built in Dutch Colonial architecture style
­ Laid out in a simple rectangle of 82 feet (25 m) by 42 feet (13 m).
­The ceiling rises to 40 feet (12 m) and is spanned by wooden beams, each carved from
a single tree.
­The roof is covered with Dutch tiles and the walls were raised using Dutch bricks built
on local laterite blocks then coated with Chinese plaster.

11.
­The floors of the church are paved with granite blocks originally used as ballast for
merchant ships.
­The original Dutch windows were reduced and ornamented after the British takeover of
Malacca and the porch and vestry were built only in the mid­19th century.

12.
The Dutch Colonial Architecture Style
A) Introduction
The Dutch Colonial Revival is considered a subtype of the Colonial Revival style. It
often shares a great many of the same characteristics including symmetry, similar
siding, windows, entries, and finishes both inside and out.
Where the Dutch Revival is most obviously different is in its distinctive profile; it's not
uncommon to hear it described as a "barn house."
The gambrel roof allowed a complete second story to be built at minimal expense.
Another advantage, as seen in the 1798 Federal Direct Tax records, was that
gambrel­roofed houses were classified for tax purposes as one­story homes, which
allowed them to be taxed at a lower rate than two­story houses.
The Dutch Colonial Revival, without question, is one of the prettiest and most varied
house styles built during the 20th century. It was very popular through the 1920s but
became rarer during the 1930s. It's unusual to see post­WWII Dutch Colonial Revivals
though occasionally you may see a gambrel roof on a post­War rambler.
B) Characteristic
l 1 ½ to 2 stories
l Gambrel roof is distinguishing feature, sometimes seen with flared eaves
l Siding may be wood clapboard or shingle, brick, stone
l Façade may be symmetrical, but it's common to see side entries and balanced
asymmetry
l Gable­end chimneys
l Decorative windows in gable end
l Porch under overhanging eaves, occasionally running the full width of the house
l Entry may have a decorative hood with brackets or portico with classically­styled
columns
l Windows are multi­light such as six­over­one, six­over­six, or eight­over­eight
l Shed, hipped, or gable dormers

13.
C) Other example of buildings from Dutch Colonial Architecture
Fourteenth Ward Industrial Scholl of the Children’s Aid
Central School (Iron River, Michigan) Holland Apartmets

14.
Materials
1. Wood
­ Wooden door is used to separate the exterior and interior space.
­​ ​Wooden beam was being used during that era because wood is cheaper and can be obtain
easily in Malacca. From far, it make look normal but when you look closer, the beam was made
from a single tree without joint.

15.
2. Plaster
­ Plastering is done on the wall.
3. Brick
­ Brick is being used to build up the wall.

16.
Dutch elements
1. Doors and windows
­Fanlights and windows ­Separated doors ­Moulded key­stones
Dutch elements in some buildings are rectangular or semicircular air vents which are placed
over the doors, windows and fanlights in the wall like the photos shown above.
2. Artifacts
­Engravings ­Wall memorial plaque
The floors of the church has different gravestones with Portuguese and Armenian engravings
used as pavings. Memorial plaques in Dutch, Armenian and English likewise decorate the
inside of the church.

17.
­ Bell tower
The Christ Church’s bell is engraved with the date 1698.

18.
Travel Journal
Andy Heng (0327152)
On the 14th of April, our group decided to go for a site visit to the selected site, Christ Church in
Malacca by bus. We departed from Taylor’s University at 7am and it took us approx. 1 hour and
45 mins to reach our destination. Instead of having a good laugh in the bus, most of us decided
to have a good rest.
We reached our destination around 9am. The first thing I realised is that the site is loaded with
tourists either from local or overseas. Reason is simple, it is a heritage site and protected under
UNESCO world heritage.
The first impression about the site is that it doesn’t look like a heritage site due to the trishaws
and the portable stores available around the site. To me, they make the site losing it heritage
value as they are blocking the parts and pieces of the precious views of the site. But these little
bits of business make the site more to tourist attraction site as visitors are able to get some
souvenir easily for memories.

19.
The usual thing I did that day was taking photos all around the site. Well, mainly for
assignments and of course, some for memories. Taking photos from outside to inside, i realised
that the architecture was unique, so unique that it creates an important landmark to the site
even the city and country. To be honest, I’m impressed with the construction and the way they
construct it as there is no advance technology during that time. Two thumbs up.
After one and a half hours discovering, most of us were exhausted and hungry. So,we decided
to have some food to fill our tummy. Thanks to some of our group mate, we managed to find
good food and some local delicacies.
Before leaving, the Malacca group (the groups choosing Malacca as their site) took a big group
photo as memories. At 2pm, we left the site. The site visit was tired but excited. I’m grateful that
I’m able to know more about my groupmate.
From the trip, I learnt that teamwork and participation is very important. Everyone must be able
to work together and get involved to make the event a successful one. Imagine if no one replied
your text for group trip, no one attend the event or nobody is doing their part in the site visit, i
don’t think we can make the trip successful. So, a big thanks to my groupmate. Thank you.

20.
Abdul Qayyum (0320220)
We chose Christ Church in Malacca to be our site to visit. On the day of April 14th 2016,
our group went to the selected site by bus. Departed from Taylor’s at 7am and got
ourselves some decent rest in the bus. It took approximately 2 hours for us to get to our
destination.
We reach our destination around 9am where the sky is shining with morning light. At
first sight, the site area is full of tourist from all over the world and local who appreciate
heritage area where it is recognized and protected by UNESCO world heritage.
Tourist from all over the world including the locals who came all the way to there can get
their memories to be recorded physically by getting souvenir from all the available
portable store around the site is one of the attraction this heritage can provide you.
Even though there is a lot of store that was somehow blocking the view of some part in
the heritage area, it still makes us feel grateful of the beauty history have left us. We are
lucky to get to appreciate and do our research on this heritage area.
We were taking picture and analyzing the heritage site area where we realized how
amazing this architecture design is and how amazing that it was built way back when
the technology in building construction was not as advanced as we are now.
2 hours later, we decided to take a break and get ourselves something good to eat as
Malacca is quite well known for its variety of local delicious dish. We took a big group
photo for memories before we leave from the heritage site. At 2pm we left the heritage
site.
It was a tiring but a fun trip and i have learnt that teamwork is essential in doing any
group work for it to be done in excellence. Hardworking, teamwork and involvement of
every member in the group is also important in making the assignment for it to be
successful.

21.
Alison Tang Ing Ee (0323705)
Christ Church in Malacca is the site we decided to visit for our assignment. We decided to visit
the site on 15 of April by bus. There were 3 groups going to Malacca but different places at the
same time. Due to wake up early in the morning, most of us sleep in the bus around 1 hours
and 45 minutes.
We reached our destination around 9am. My first impression to Christ Church is the Christ
Church is a travel sight. There were a lot of tourists from different countries visit this place. I
could hear they were talking different languages. Besides, the colour of the church also got my
attention. The building is all red in colour which is painted in coral red with huge white cross at
the middle. The building beside the church also red in colour.​ The church was surrounded by
beautiful landscape with greenery and flowers.
Furthermore, the colourful decorated trishaw is one of the special near the church. The trishaws
were decorated by different types of dolls and flowers with catch the attention of peoples. The
existence of trishaw makes the church’s surrounding area more outstanding and lively.
Therefore, we took a group photo in front of the church. ​After one and a half hours discovering,
most of us were exhausted and hungry. Then, we decided to have our lunch.
We left the site around 2pm. Before leaving, we took a big group photo with the other groups as
our memories. The site visit was short but it was very interesting. The site was not changed a lot
compared to the time I visited the Christ Church in Malacca 12 years ago. We should thank the
UNESCO world heritage protected the site for a long time.

22.
Angela Wee Kah Man 0322970
On the 14​
th​
of April,our group together with the others 4 group decided to visit Malacca
for the MPU project.THe historical places that we have choose is the Christ Church in
Malacca.They departed from Taylor’s University at 7am and it took us approx. They
took around 1 hour and 45 mins to reach the destination.Since I am from Malacca,I
came back two days before them and joined them on the 14​
th​
of April.

23.
After I have met up with them,we have took lots of photo with Christ Church and of
coure the most important things was the group photo with the Christ Church.After all
those photo session and understanding of the Christ Church ,we decided to visit Jonker
Street with the other groups in order to know more about Malcca Heritage.We went to
have some really nice Malacca food.For example,some of us went to those unique cafe
found in Jonker Street.while the others went for nyonya food and chicken rice.After
spending few hours there in Malacca,all of them who came by bus left this heritage site
on 2pm.
It was really a great and fun learning trip.We have learnt more about the building itself
and history of Malacca.I have a really great bonding time with my members and of
course others group members as well.

24.
Amir Hilman Bin Zuraimi (0323767)
It was 15​th​
April on a Friday, the day me and my group members went on a day trip to
visit the famous Christ Church in Malacca to carry out our research regarding the historical site.
We kicked things off by gathering early in the morning at about 7 o’clock. Besides us, there
were also many other students from other groups who were riding along the journey with us as
we all decided to go together with a chartered bus for convenience purposes. Immediately
afterwards, we started our journey as soon as everyone had gathered.
About one and a half hour later, I woke up from my awesome dream and
realised we were already in Malacca. The bus pulled over and dropped off some of the
members from other groups to a random cemetery and also a temple. The site was very
unfamiliar and I honestly never heard of it. Moving on, we later reached our destination, the
Christ Church. First thought in my head when I saw the site was the colour brick red. Everything
was brick red including the walls, floor and everything that you could think of, well at least on the
exterior part. It was pretty interesting though, a rather unique style of architecture and definitely
different from what we can see in cities with the likes of glass, engineered timber and steel.
The site was always filled with tourists and I believe there were tourists from China too
on that day. They seemed so excited, chattering non­stop while taking a bunch of pictures. Not
to forget some of them even rode the trishaws. Well who would not? The trishaws were so cool
as they were decorated flawlessly with a variety of designs such as animated movie themes like
Frozen and many more which I have totally forgotten. We carried out our research later, also
taking photos of the church and a group photo to fulfil the requirements of this project.
After we were satisfied with our research, we all decided to venture around Jonker Street
to grab something to eat. We came across this art café called Calanthe Art Café. It was a
classic art café with rustic decorations, to let us experience the taste of the classic vibe. We had
our breakfast mixed with lunch there. I had a “Good Morning Breakfast” and it was good indeed.
What a so called morning breakfast it was. Later we walked around the area, going to places.
When things get a little bit boring, we decided to bid farewell. Well it was already in the evening
and everyone was tired. I went into the bus and took a power nap, continuing my dream I left
earlier.
About 4 o’clock in the evening, we reached back in Taylor’s and parted our ways back
home. Overall, it was a mixture of fun and boring experience. However, I have arguably learned
many new things about the site and I am so proud of it. Till then, I hope that these sort of places
would remain forever and become a symbol of greatness that brings a sense of humility in us so
that we do not forget our roots and how this country was made.

25.
Adele Lu Khai Syn (0323151)
On the 15th of April, my group and I decided to go for a one day trip to the famous state
called Melaka which is located in the southwest coast of Malay Peninsula. I haven’t been to
Melaka for quite some time, to me Melaka is all about food. Oh well, but this time the trip
changed a whole lot of my thought for Melaka city. Throughout this journey, I have learnt about
how the pre­historic structure come together in the city of Melaka. We went to Christ Church
Melaka, completed in the 17th century, by looking from far you could easily see that building in
red. They used bricks to build the whole building. We then went inside to take a look at the
interior design of it, my groupmates and I was taking photo but actually we needed to get
permission before taking those photo from the priest in charge. While entering the church I can
see those structure being preserved for years. The eye opening part was being able to feel the
emotions that is in my heart that I truly appreciate, feeling of comfort when you walking inside
the building it gives me peace.
Beside this Christ Church there were a lot more buildings beside it there are all covered
in red too. There were also many tourist taking photos, it amazed me with tourist density. In front
of the church we could see the Queen Victoria’s Fountain from the Dutch colonization till today.
Along the streets we could see market stalls selling some Melaka souvenir. The spectacular
sights, colors, buildings, people, market stalls and those colourful trishaws really amazed me. Its
really throwback to the glory days of Dutch empire.
After exploring all the buildings nearby, we took a group photo in front of the Christ
Church to capture the experience and also to put it in our report. We after decided to grab some
famous food before heading back to KL. We went for lunch in this fancy coffee house, across
the streets of the coffee house there is this blind girl playing this chinese violin called the “er hu”
, it was a live entertaining lunch. Along the road we went for the famous durian cendol, it was
not really that nice though.
After a whole day trip, it was a wrap for all of us, my legs were kinda pain from walking
from one place to the other, but overall it was a great experience for me to spend time with my
group mates and to learn about Melaka city. As a conclusion, this trip was really memorable as
it taught me to learn from the past and appreciate what we had now.

26.
Alfred Loh Kai Xuan (0323581)
On 15th of April, all of my groupmates gathered in campus and awaited our bus to
Malacca for our site visit. The historical place that we decided to visit is Christ Church. I woke up
around 5am in the morning because I live quite far from campus and wanted to avoid the
morning jam. Around 6 am I reached campus and silently awaited for my other groupmates as
well as people from other groups because there were quite a number of groups who decided on
going to Melacca for the site visit.
After an hour and a half of sitting in the bus with my pal, Amir, we finally arrived in
Melaka Bandaraya Bersejarah. The bus stopped at some random cemetery and a temple to
dropped of some of the other groups. I wasn’t familiar with the cemetery but it is actually quite
famous. After that, we arrived at Christ Church. There we waited for Angela, who is one of my
groupmate. She is from Melaka, that’s why we waited for her to come and bring us around.
Before her arrival, my groupmates and I took pictures of the Christ Church’s interior, exterior
and surroundings.
After taking pictures and all the information we needed, my groupmates and I went to
hunt for food because we didn’t have our breakfast. We went to an old coffee shop, Calanthe
Art Cafe in Jonker Street. I ordered some nyonya food and other members ordered breakfast
sets. I order nyonya food because I enjoy my nyonya food very much and the portion is quite big
and the food is not bad.
After our brunch, we walked along Jonker Street until we came across a shop that sells
durian cendol. We found a place to sit and a few of us ordered the cendol. It was very nice, you
should try it.
Around 2 pm, the bus came and we bid farewell to Melaka. I slept in the bus like a dead
log as I was tired from all the excitement and walking. Around 4 pm, we reached Taylor’s an
parted our ways back home. Overall, it was a very exciting and fun experience because the last
time I went for a field trip to Melaka, it wasn’t as much fun as this. I also learnt that we should
never forget our roots and how this country was shaped into the Malaysia we live in today.

27.
Aaron Chong Yu Ho (0320270)
On the day April the 15​th​
2016, was my first time heading to Malacca. We gathered at school around
6:30am, did head counts and planned what to do once we reached there. The buses we took were
already waiting at the bus stop, ready to leave when we are. Once we’re all set, we headed out at
7:30am, it was a 2 hour journey until we reached Malacca. We got off at Malacca’s Christ Church and
explored the place.

28.
The first thing we saw are the massive amounts of tourist groups scouring the area taking pictures and
admiring our heritage. As we wait for another member whose hometown is Malacca, we went ahead
to took pictures and discover more about the place. Entering the Church, there are memoirs on the
walls with names written on them. Which seems to be people who helped and supported the Church.
We were informed by a lady to ask permissions from a priest before taking photos of the place.
Outside the Church, man­powered Tricycles decorated with colorful ornaments offered tourists rides.
Stalls located at the right hand side of the Church’s entrance were selling gifts and merchandises.
However we were more interested on the outer areas filled with old historical monuments around the
Church. There was this wall which I was fascinated by it, it was used as a watchtower where canons
were placed back then when Malacca was colonized by the Portugese. After spending a few hours
adventuring the area, we took a group photo and continue to our next plan of the trip.
In the afternoon we went to Jonker street, to experience Malacca’s famous street which is rich with
good food. We settled down for lunch at a coffee shop. The coffee shop was unique in a way where
the interior seemed like a common residence’s house makeshift into a dining room. After enjoying our
meals we had small chats and discussions and changed location to find a deserts. We decided to stop
by this shop where it sells Durian flavored ABC ice cream.
Eventually our time here has ended and we head back to our dropped off area at 2pm. Saying our
goodbyes to our friends who lives at Malacca, we boarded the bus and headed home.

29.
Adam Wong (0322520)
On the 15th of March, our group did a site visit on a selected site which is the Christ Church in
Malacca. We traveled from Taylor’s University lakeside campus to Malacca by bus around 7
o’clock in the morning and it took us around 1 hour to get to our intended destination. The bus
was so quiet and everyone is trying to get some rest before starting the day.
As soon as we reached our destination around 9 am, everyone rushed down the bus. The first
thing that i notice was there were so many asian tourists taking selfies and group photos all over
the place. It is good to know that tourists appreciate this historical building.
Then we started to take some photos of the church inside out, we did ask for permission before
doing so. We got this warm feeling of comfort and peace when i was looking around the inside
of the church and the wall memorial plaque really did caught my attention.

30.
There’s a water fountain outside of the church and people from different races were sitting
under this tree outside the church and there are plenty of unique trisaw that are decorated with
different style of decorations.
After taking our group photo, we moved on to explore the area. We walked around Jonker
Street and it was awesome. So many interesting food and desserts everywhere. Then,
everyone got tired and hungry so we stopped by this small hipster influenced shop and there
was a blind lady across the road playing a traditional music instrument. The food was not bad at
all.
We got lost when we tried to find for a “cendol” store for dessert after our lunch but eventually
we did find it.
Before leaving the site, we took a big group photo with other group members as memories. After
the long day, we did not regret our decision of choosing Malacca as our site since there’s so
many things to explore.
From this trip, I have learnt that leadership, teamwork and time management is very important.
Without these skills, we would not be able to make this trip a successful one.

31.
Conclusion
To end this report, we would like to conclude that Christ Church is a very interesting and
ideal tourist spot to visit when one travels to Malacca as it tells the story of the Dutch’s coming
to Malacca. This building was built and maintained through the ages so that we could
commemorate this incident. This site visit gave us a chance to experience the different style of
architecture implemented into the structure. Because of the lack of proper simulation in online
classes, the site visit gave us a chance to engage history in a more intimate manner. By
carrying out this assignment, we as a group have come to appreciate the rich values of the
Christ Church and its impact in our country’s history. Outside of exploring more on the historical
site, we learn how to work together as a team and also get to know each other more since we
were unfamiliar to one another. Finally, this site visit was definitely something to cherish as it
creates friendships and most importantly, it gives us a deeper understanding on one of the
pre­historic civilisations that was involved in our nation’s history prior to our independence.

32.
References
● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Colonial_Revival_architecture
● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ_Church,_Malacca
● http://www.antiquehomestyle.com/styles/dutch­revival.htm
● CHRIST CHURCH MELAKA. (n.d.). Retrieved April 29, 2016, from
http://christchurchmelaka.blogspot.my/
● Measurement of Christ Church in Malacca. Retrieved April 29, 2016, from
https://www.academia.edu/3748296/Dutch_Public_Buildings_in_Melaka_Analysis_of_Fa
%C3%A7ade_Typology
● David Jr.. (2013). ​CHRIST CHURCH IN MELAKA.​ Retrieved April 29,2016 from:
http://blog.malaysia­asia.my/2013/08/christ­church­in­melaka.html.
● Makhali Gosala. (2015). ​Malacca Sultanate.​ Retrieved April 29, 2016, from
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Malacca_Sultanate​.

33.
Appendixes
Appendixes 1: Group photo

34.
Appendixes 2: Malacca group photo