The document discusses time measurement and defines key terms. It aims to identify the time needed to perform processes, time for each process element, and fluctuations due to problems. Reasons for time measurement include process instabilities, deviations from standards, inadequate tools, lack of training, and equipment failures. The document defines time measurement, time study, and takt time. It discusses value and non-value added activities, and defines the value added zone.

1. Prepared By : Eng. Ahmed Gamal

2. 
 To Identify a fair measurement of time needed to
perform a process .
 To Identify the associated time for each of the
process elements .
 To identify the fluctuation in cycle time due to
abnormal conditions or problems occurring during
the process .
The purpose of
time measurement

3. 
 Instabilities and variations of processes due to fluctuations in
Cycle Times.
 Deviations from the Standardized Work.
 Inadequate tools.
 lack of training.
 Equipment failure/breakdown.
Reasons for time
measurement

4. 
 Time measurement is the determination of the
actual time required to perform a process
 Time Study is the concrete observation,
documentation and description of operation
elements and the associated time for each element.
 Takt Time = Total working days/ Customer demand
Time Measurements
Definitions

5. 
Takt Time

6. 
 Value refers to what the customer is ready to pay for
this service .
 Value Add: any activity or function of the process or
service increases the market form (The customer will
pay for it).
 Non Value Add: any activity or function isn’t
necessary to the market (The customer won’t pay
for).
What Is The Value?

7. 
 Motion outside of the ergonomic zones.
 Each time an operator moves from one workstation to an
other one.
 Visual inspection for compliance and auto-inspection.
 Reading instructions or filling out administrative documents.
 Tasks associated with work organization (change over time,
workstation cleaning, maintenance, etc.).
 Re-packing and labeling of parts required by the process.
 Quality actions (sorting parts, treating rejects, repairs, etc.).
 Operator waiting time.
Non Value Added
Activities

8. 
Value Added Zone

9. 
Value Added Zone