This document discusses different instructional techniques for learner engagement, comparing face-to-face mediation to various digital options. Face-to-face mediation provides immediate feedback, enables dialogical learning in a social setting, and allows for scaffolding from a more knowledgeable person in the zone of proximal development. Alternative digital options include virtual classrooms, videos, role-playing in immersive worlds, and virtual learning environments that can be either synchronous or asynchronous and vary in their use of space, location, and time.