The document discusses what causes tides and waves. Tides are caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth, Moon, and Sun, while waves are caused by wind transferring energy to water. Tides and waves can be harnessed to generate renewable tidal power through tidal barrages and tidal stream turbines. However, tides and waves can also cause harmful environmental and ecological impacts if not properly managed.
Here you can find the Ocean circulation, as it is happening by natural activities, Coriolis effect will occur due to the wind pattern and changes in the ocean floors.
Here you can find the Ocean circulation, as it is happening by natural activities, Coriolis effect will occur due to the wind pattern and changes in the ocean floors.
Waves are never ending dynamic surfaces created by the action of wind on ocean surfaces. Waves are undulations of the surface layers of bodies of sea waters. Large bodies of water are almost constantly in motion. Ocean surface are never calm and smooth.They are uneven, irregular, rough and restless. Sea waves are defined as undulations of seawater characterized by unique features. Waves are moving energy patterns. They travel along the interface between ocean and the atmosphere.
Oceans are a vast body of salt water that covers almost three to fourths of the earth's surface.
Seas are smaller, found on the margins of the ocean and are partially enclosed by land.
Seawater:
High density, high heat capacity, colder, salty and slightly compressible (its volume decreases under pressure), thus its density increases with pressure.
Why is Ocean Circulation Important?
•Similar to winds in the atmosphere, they transfer significant amounts of heat from equatorial areas to the poles and thus play important roles in determining the climates of coastal regions.
•The ocean circulation pattern exchanges water of varying characteristics, such as temperature and salinity
•ocean currents and atmospheric circulation influence one another.
•in addition, they transport nutrients and organisms
Waves are never ending dynamic surfaces created by the action of wind on ocean surfaces. Waves are undulations of the surface layers of bodies of sea waters. Large bodies of water are almost constantly in motion. Ocean surface are never calm and smooth.They are uneven, irregular, rough and restless. Sea waves are defined as undulations of seawater characterized by unique features. Waves are moving energy patterns. They travel along the interface between ocean and the atmosphere.
Oceans are a vast body of salt water that covers almost three to fourths of the earth's surface.
Seas are smaller, found on the margins of the ocean and are partially enclosed by land.
Seawater:
High density, high heat capacity, colder, salty and slightly compressible (its volume decreases under pressure), thus its density increases with pressure.
Why is Ocean Circulation Important?
•Similar to winds in the atmosphere, they transfer significant amounts of heat from equatorial areas to the poles and thus play important roles in determining the climates of coastal regions.
•The ocean circulation pattern exchanges water of varying characteristics, such as temperature and salinity
•ocean currents and atmospheric circulation influence one another.
•in addition, they transport nutrients and organisms
In this presentation, one will find more elaborative and detailed information on the topic of TIDES with full depth knowledge about its various aspects including the forces that act on it, how & when they act on it with illustrative images.
THIS IS A PPT ON TIDAL ENERGY,WHICH HAVE FOLLOWING CONTAINS:
A BRIEF INTRO
FIRST POWER STATION
FORMATION OF TIDES
WHY MOON IS MORE EFECTFULL INCOMPARISION TO SUN FOR TIDES?
3 MAIN WAYS TO HARNESSED TIDAL ENERGY
BENEFITS
HOPE IT WILL BE USEFULL FOR YOU GUYZZ AND YOU LIKE MY WORK.
This report discusses the potential contribution that energy derived from the tides and waves can make to overall energy supply in a sustainable way. It covers the topics of wide range like how tides and waves are formed; functions of the possible and popular power generation systems especially tidal barrages,turbines, oscillating water columns and wave farms. Advantages and disadvantages of tidal and wave energy are also briefly discussed. Some cost data’s used give us brief insight into the economic prospects of the tidal and wave energy. By turning to potential along the Indian coastline, we found that India do have a huge potential of tidal and wave energy, though it has started very late. Government
initiatives and extensive research focused on the mentioned relevant opportunities will surely change the energy scenario.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
3. WHAT CAUSES THE TIDES? Tides are periodic rises and falls of large bodies of water. Tides are caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth and the Moon. Tides are the cyclic rising and falling of Earth's ocean surface caused by the tidal forces of the Moon and the Sun acting on the Earth . Tides cause changes in the depth of the sea and produce oscillating currents known as tidal streams, making prediction of tides important for coastal navigation. The strip of seashore that is submerged at high tide and exposed at low tide, the intertidal zone , is an important ecological product of ocean tides.
4. The Earth and Moon, looking at the North Pole The relative distance of the Moon from the Earth also affects tide heights. When the Moon is at perigee the range is increased and when it is at apogee the range is reduced.
5. gravitational force The Moon's gravity differential field at the surface of the earth is known as the Tide Generating Force . This is the primary mechanism that drives tidal action and explains two bulges, accounting for two high tides per day. Other forces, such as the Sun's gravity, also add to tidal action.
6. gravitational force The Moon exerts its gravitational pull differently on different parts of the earth. The farther away the Moon, the weaker its pull. Imagine a shell of the outer Earth , this diagram shows the Moon's gravity differential over the thickness of the shell.
7. Spring Tides The Sun's Interaction with the Tides Spring tides are especially strong tides (they do not have anything to do with the season Spring). They occur when the Earth, the Sun , and the Moon are in a line. The gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun both contribute to the tides. Spring tides occur during the full moon and the new moon.
8. Proxigean Spring Tide The eccentricity of the orbit of the moon in this illustration is greatly exaggerated. The Proxigean Spring Tide is a rare, unusually high tide. This very high tide occurs when the moon is both unusually close to the Earth (at its closest perigee , called the proxigee ) and in the New Moon phase (when the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth). The proxigean spring tide occurs at most once every 1.5 years . An artist's conception of spring tide
9. Neap Tides Neap tides are especially weak tides. They occur when the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun are perpendicular to one another (with respect to the Earth). Neap tides occur during quarter moons. An artist'sconception of neap tide
10. Spring Tides and Neap Tides The Bay of Fundy at low tide The Bay of Fundy at high tide
11. Tidal range The tidal range is the vertical difference between the highest high tide and the lowest low tide . In other words, it is the difference in height between high and low tides. The most extreme tidal range will occur around the time of the full or new moons , when gravity of both the Sun and Moon are pulling the same way ( new moon ), or exact opposite way ( full ). The typical tidal range in the open ocean is about 0.6 meters (2 feet). As you get closer to the coast, however, this range gets much greater. Coastal tidal ranges vary globally and can differ anywhere from 1.8 meters to 3 meters (6–10 feet).
12. Tidal cycle time Principal Types of Tides Showing the Moon's declinational effect in production of semidiurnal, mixed, and diurnal tides.
13. Tidal cycle time The same tidal forcing has differentresults depending on many factors,including coast orientation, continental shelf margin,water body dimensions.
14.
15. Tidal power The table shows some significant force values for the Moon: Column 1 : Longitude along any Earth equator passing through the axis, counted from the trans-lunar nodal point. Column 2: The axial gravitational force of the Moon at longitudes from 0° to 180°. Column 3: The tangential component of the gravitational force (value of Col. 2 multiplied by sin n). Column 4: The tangential component of the centrifugal force (33.1 micronewtons multiplied by sin n). Column 5: The tide-raising force. Column 6: The radial centrifugal force, having no effect on the tides, is shown for comparison. 12.10 0 0 0 34.28 180° 21.79 0.56 23.44 24.00 33.94 135° 45.191 0 33.147 33.147 33.147 90° 68.59 -O.54 23.44 22.90 32.38 45° 78.29 0 0 0 32.07 0° 6 5 4 3 2 1
16. Applycation of tide to generate electricity Tidal Stream Turbines The simplest of all configurations is a rotor on a pole fixed to the seabed: this design acquired top-sides
17. Applycation of tide to generate electricity Today, this twin turbine design carries two 20m rotors is rated at 1 - 2 MW depending on current speed, and operates in 30 - 50m water depths. Each rotor runs in clean water upstream of its support arm.
18. Applycation of tide to generate electricity The tidal turbine is shown for comparison against anoffshore wind turbine of the samepower rating and in 25m water depth.
19. Applycation of tide to generate electricity Another option is to use offshore turbines, rather like an underwater wind farm. This has the advantage of being much cheaper to build, and does not have the environmental problems that a tidal barrage would bring.
20. Applycation of tide to creat barrage The barrage method of extracting tidal energy involves building a barrage and creating a tidal lagoon . The barrage traps a water level inside a basin. Head ( a height of water pressure) is created when the water level outside of the basin or lagoon changes relative to the water level inside. The head is used to drive turbines. In any design this leads to a decrease of tidal range inside the basin or lagoon, implying a reduced transfer of water between the basin and the sea. This reduced transfer of water accounts for the energy produced by the scheme. The largest such installation has been working on the Rance river The basic elements of a barrage are caissons , embankments, sluices , turbines and ship locks. Sluices, turbines and ship locks are housed in caisson (very large concrete blocks). Embankments seal a basin where it is not sealed by caissons. The sluice gates applicable to tidal power are the flap gate, vertical rising gate, radial gate and rising sector. Barrage systems have been plagued with the dual problems of high civil infrastructure costs associated with what is in effect a dam being placed across two estuarine systems, one for the high water dam storage and the other a low water dam for the release of the storage, and, the environmental problems associated with the flooding of two ecosystems.
21. Applycation of tide to generate electricity An artistic impression of a tidal barrage, including embankments, a ship lock and caissons housing a sluice and two turbines. The weir at Coburg lake in Victoria (Australia) . A weir is a small overflow-type dam commonly used to raise the level of a river or stream. Weirs have traditionally been used to create mill ponds in such places. Water flows over the top of a weir, although some weirs have sluice gates which release water at a level below the top of the weir. The crest of an overflow spillway on a large dam is often called a weir .
22. Applycation of tide to generate electricity A manually operated needle dam type weir near Revin on the Meuse River , France A weir in Warkworth , New Zealand
23. Tidal power schemes being considered In the table, '-' indicates missing information, '?‘ indicates information which has not been decided ? - - Tiburon ? - 6-7 Rio Colorado Mexico - - 4.5 Cheonsu 480 100 4.7 Garolim Korea 7000 1970 6.8 Cambay 900 170 5.3 Kutch India 1800 115 10.0 Shepody 1400 90 10.9 Cumberland 5338 240 12.4 Cobequid Canada ? - 10.9 Secure Bay Australia 6800 - 5.9 San Jose Argentina Maximum capacity (MW) Area of basin (km²) Mean tidal range (m) Place Country
24. Tidal power schemes being considered ? ? ? Mozambique Channel South Africa 87000 - 6.0 Penzhinskaya Bay 8000 - - Tugur 19200 2300 9.1 Mezen Russia [7] 6501 - 7.5 Turnagain Arm 2900 - 7.5 Knik Arm ? - 5.5 Passamaquoddy Bay United States 33 5.5 5.2 Conwy - - - Strangford Lough 700 61 6.5 Mersey 8640 450 7.8 Severn United Kingdom Maximum capacity (MW) Area of basin (km²) Mean tidal range (m) Place Country
25. World energy resources and consumption The estimated 15TW total energy consumption of 2004 was divided as follows: 0.5 15 Total 0.006 0.2 Geothermal, wind, solar, wood 0.03 0.9 Nuclear 0.03 0.9 Hydroelectric 0.12 3.8 Coal 0.11 3.5 Gas 0.18 5.6 Oil Energy/year in ZJ Power in TW Fuel type
26. World energy resources and consumption World energy consumption in TW (= 10 12 Watt) , 1980-2004. Source: Energy Information Administration World energy consumption in TW , 1965-2005. Source: BP 2006 Statistical review
27. World energy resources and consumption Global energy consumption in successively increasing detail Source: BP 2006 Statistical review and Renewables , Global Status Report 2006 .
28. Renewable resources World renewable energy in 2005 (except 2004 data for items marked* or **). Source Renewables , Global Status Report 2006 .
29. Renewable resources Available renewable energy. The volume of the cubes represent the amount of available wind and solar energy. The small red cube shows the proportional global energy consumption. Values are in TW = 10 12 Watt. The amount of available renewable energy dwarfs the global consumption.
30. Renewable resources Solar energy as it is dispersed on the planet and radiated back to space. Values are in PW = 10 15 Watt. Data to produce this graphic was taken from a NASA publication.
31.
32. What Causes Waves? The winds cause waves on the surface of the ocean (and on lakes). The wind transfers some of its energy to the water, through friction between the air molecules and the water molecules. Stronger winds (like storm surges) cause larger waves. You can make your own miniature waves by blowing across the surface of a pan of water. Waves of water do not move horizontally, they only move up and down (a wave does not represent a flow of water). You can see a demonstration of this by watching a floating buoy bob up and down with a wave; it does not, however, move horizontally with the wave.
33. Motion of a particle in a ocean wave Motion of a particle in a ocean wave. A = At deep water. B = At shallow water (ocean floor is now at B). The circular movement of a surface particle becomes elliptical with decreasing depth. 1 = Progression of wave 2 = Crest 3 = Trough
34. Wave motion Waves are oscillations in the water's surface. For oscillations to exist and to propagate, like the vibrating of a guitar string or the standing waves in a flute, there must be a returning force that brings equilibrium. The tension in a string and the pressure of the air are such forces.
35. Wave motion These two diagrams show the relationships between wave speed and period for various depths (left), and wave length and period (right), for periodic, progressive surface waves. ( Adapted from Van Dorn, 1974) Note that the term phase velocity is more precise than wave speed . The period of waves is easy to measure using a stopwatch, whereas wave length and speed are not. In the left picture, the red line gives the linear relationship between wave speed and wave period. A 12 second swell in deep water travels at about 20m/s or 72 km/hr. From the red line in the right diagram, we can see that such swell has a wave length between crests of about 250m.
36. Waves and wind How wind causes water to form waves is easy to understand although many Intricate details still lack a satisfactory theory. On a perfectly calm sea, the wind has practically no grip. As it slides over the water surface film, it makes it move. As the water moves, it forms eddies and small ripples.
37. how do we measure waves objectively? Scientists do this by introducing a value E which is derived from the energy component of the compound wave. In the left part of the drawing is shown how the value E is derived entirely mathematically from the shape of the wave. Instruments can also measure it precisely and objectively. The wave height is now proportional to the square root of E . The sea state E is two times the average of the sum of the squared amplitudes of all wave samples.
38. Fully Developoled Sea energy spectrum for various wind speeds When the wind blows sufficiently long from the same direction, the waves it creates, reach maximum size, speed and period beyond a certain distance (fetch) from the shore. This is called a fully developed sea . Because the waves travel at speeds close to that of the wind, the wind is no longer able to transfer energy to them and the sea state has reached its maximum. In the picture the wave spectra of three different fully developed seas are shown. The bell curve for a 20 knot wind (green) is flat and low and has many high frequency components (wave periods 1-10 seconds). As the wind speed increases, the wave spectrum grows rapidly while also expanding to the low frequencies (to the right)
39. Waves entering shallow water As waves enter shallow water, they slow down, grow taller and change shape. At a depth of half its wave length, the rounded waves start to rise and their crests become shorter while their troughs lengthen. Although their period (frequency) stays the same, the waves slow down and their overall wave length shortens. The 'bumps' gradually steepen and finally break in the surf when depth becomes less than 1.3 times their height. Note that waves change shape in depths depending on their wave length , but break in shallows relating to their height !
40. Wave groups Part of the irregularity of waves can be explained by treating them as formed by interference between two or more wave trains of different periods, moving in the same direction. It explains why waves often occur in groups. The diagram shows how two wave trains (dots and thin line) interfere, producing a wave group of larger amplitude (thick line).
41. Wave power Wave power refers to the energy of ocean surface waves and the capture of that energy to do useful work - including electricity generation , desalination , and the pumping of water (into reservoirs). Wave power is a form of renewable energy . Though often co-mingled, wave power is distinct from the diurnal flux of tidal power and the steady gyre of ocean currents . When an object bobs up and down on a ripple in a pond, it experiences an elliptical trajectory.
42.
43. An Ocean Wave Energy Converter The basis of the wave converter is the omni-directional Savonius rotor with elastic blades shown below. Savonius rotors are driven by any local water flow that has a directional component perpendicular to their axis, no matter from which direction the water comes. Under the ocean waves there is an oscillating flow field that locally changes its direction all the time.
44. An Ocean Wave Energy Converter Using a multitude of small rotors instead of a big one has several advantages. Small rotors can be placed much closer to the water surface, where most of the wave energy is. An array of small rotors covering the same water flux as a big rotor requires much less material to harvest the same flow power.
45.
46. An Ocean Wave Energy Converter The Pelamis Wave Energy Converter (Ocean Power Delivery Ltd.) Pelamis ?prototype (Ocean Power Delivery Ltd.)
47. R&D ?The Way Forward Roadmap of R&D targets and associated events and activities One effective way of planning future R&D needs is by use of the Roadmap ? a diagram with a timeline, showing the main R&D targets and the associated events and activities, set against the timeline as a high-level plan. It displays the generic issues that must be addressed if wave power is to become commercially realisable in the next few years.