1. !
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!
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- Beauty Oviawe
- Onuorah Ikechukwu
- Mutaz Alwakil
- Shubham Kotkar
Tidal Lagoon!
Swansea Bay
A great opportunity to harness reliable, low
cost, renewable energy.
2. Executive
summary
!
This report was presented in order to provide the information on tidal power and
different ways that this renewable source of energy can be used to benefit the
society with no cost to the environment.
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With all of that, this report provides reliable information which was collected using a
questionnaire.
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It provides information on how tidal power can generate clean energy to provide
electricity to the general public.
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It also suggests that the tidal lagoon will not only generate energy but also be
beneficial in many ways.
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On the same hand, it also provides information about the loss to the society on
implementing the tidal power project.
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Lastly, this report analysis the advantages and disadvantages of using tidal power to
benefit the society.
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1
3. !
Table
of
Content:
Table content ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
Execu3ve
summary
1
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
Introduc3on
:
3
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
2.Aims
:
4
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
3.Methodology
:
5
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
4.
Ques3oner
:
It
is
been
drawn
for
this
research
to
know
the
people
in
support
and
those
not
in
support
and
also
secondary
research
is
been
done.
The
ques3ons
are
as
follows
:
8
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
Discussion
and
Findings
:
8
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
Findings
:
8
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
Discussion
:
9
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
Conclusion
:
9
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
Recommenda3ons
:
9
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
8.
Reference
List
:
10
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
9.
Appendix
:
10
-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐
2
4. 1.Introduction
:
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3
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Nowadays, encouragement for different types of
renewable energy is supported from different
parts of the world. One of the emerging
renewable energies is ‘Tidal Power’. Tidal power
is a form of hydropower which converts the
energy of tides into different types of energy.
According to (http://
www.tidallagoonswanseabay.com/proposal-
overview-and-vision.aspx) the Severn Estuary
holds the second highest tidal range in the world,
from and average tidal range of 8.5m during the
spring tide in Swansea.
Hence, they are harnessing the same energy at
the Swansea bay which is also the part of
Severn Estuary. It is know as ‘Tidal Lagoon
Swansea Bay’. The tide is created by the
gravitational effect of the sun and the moon on
the earth causing cyclical movement of the seas.
Hence, it is entirely predictable form of
renewable energy.
The Swansea Bay lagoon will comprise a UK
standard sand-core breakwater or rock bund,
similar to many seen in coastal defence schemes
and harbour walls. The generating equipment of
bulb hydro turbines have been used for many
years on run-of-river hydro power schemes as
well as some landmark tidal barrages. The
hydro turbines are mounted inside concrete
turbine housings and are permanently
submerged so the resulting view is of a ring-
shaped harbour wall with one section of concrete
casing.
As the sea outside the breakwater rises and is
held back a difference in water levels is created,
known as ‘head’, and once a sufficient head
height is reached sluice gates are opened and
water flows into the lagoon through turbines to
generate electricity. This process then occurs in
reverse, on the ebb tide, as sea levels start to fall
and a tidal head is created by holding water back
within the lagoon. This way the tides can flow
through our turbines four times daily to generate
power.
5. 2.Aims
:
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4
Production of renewable energy.
Encouragement of British Engineering.
Creation of long term jobs.
Associated educational programs.
Sports and recreational activities.
Primary, Secondary and University level education.
Locally inspired art installation.
Tourist attraction.
Promotion of marine eco system regeneration.
6. !
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3.Methodology
:
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The Lagoon Wall!
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Design :
!
The tidal lagoon has been designed to dramatically reduce the cost, materials and
carbon involved in traditional construction of a breakwater or sea wall, thus
increasing the viability of the project. Significant cost savings and reduced
construction times can be achieved by the replacement of a rock mound with locally
sourced dredged materials and casings, which have been used in many global
marine schemes.
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Construction :
!
Techniques are proposed that use dredged sandy materials from a relatively thin
layer the sea bed within the lagoon, which are then hydraulically filled into long
geotextile casings known as Geotubes®.
On top of these Geotubes® and compact sand fill are placed small rocks and on top
of this the larger rock armour to protect against degradation.
5
7. !
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The project managers are partnering with leading global engineering and
construction firms to ensure a robust and expert approach to our detailed designs.
In doing so we aim to maintain low technology risk and use established construction
methods across the whole project.
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Turbine Technology!
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Their proposals involve the use of existing technology in the form of low-head bulb
turbines which generate electricity when water flows the past turbine blades. The
flow is created by gravity through the difference in head (or tidal height) between
the inside and outside of the lagoon walls, as you would find in a dam structure.
This type of turbine has been used in many hydro power applications, a good
example of which is La Rance barrage in Brittany, France, which has been
successfully operational for half a century.
!
The primary difference between previous applications and the tidal lagoon is the
efficiency of electricity generation in both directions, on ebb and flood tides. We
are working with the world’s leading turbine manufacturers to optimise turbine
technology and energy outputs. Accurate tidal data for Swansea Bay has been
used in energy output studies undertaken from 2011 onwards, to assess the
6
8. potential for energy extraction
through a tidal lagoon. Results
have been extremely
encouraging and the
predictable power output can
be used directly by the
National Grid as a base load
source of electricity capacity;
this means that the tidal power
station does not require back-
up, fossil-fuel driven load
balancing elsewhere.
!
The proposed turbines will
have a runner diameter (span
of the turbine blades) in the
region of 7m and will be
permanently submerged below
the low water level in Swansea
Bay. Turbine optimisation and
modelling is ongoing as our
team assesses the most
efficient configuration for
Swansea Bay.
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7
9. 4.
Questioner : It is been drawn for this research to know the people in support
and those not in support and also secondary research is been done. The
questions are as follows :
A. Have you heard of the tidal energy? !
B. Are you aware that the government of Wales is building a ‘Tidal Lagoon’ at the
Swansea Bay?!
C. Do you think tidal energy is better than other renewable energies?!
D. Do you think the project will create long term job opportunities? !
E. Do you think the amount of money invested in the project will be recovered? !
F. Do you think it will make any change in your life?!
More questions are attached to the document. They are the snapshots of the
questioner which we posted on the Facebook.!
5.
Discussion
and
Findings
:
Findings
:
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The world’s first, man-made, energy generating lagoon, with a 240 MW nominal
rated capacity averaging 14 hours of generation every day.
!
Clean, renewable, reliable and predictable power for 120,000 homes (enough to
power 70% of Swansea Bay’s annual domestic electricity use) for 120 years.
!
An important contribution towards national carbon emissions reduction targets -
over 216,000 tonnes of CO2 saved each year.
!
An opportunity to develop a tidal range industry for the UK, centred around Wales.
!
Community and tourism opportunities covering education, arts, culture, recreation
and sports.
!
Tidal power connected to the National Grid by 2020, as other power stations are
closed down.
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8
10. Discussion
:
!
In
order
to
obtain
relevant
informa3on
and
data
we
researched
and
referred
various
sources.
We
were
keen
to
know
the
opinion
of
the
people
of
Swansea
about
the
‘Tidal
Lagoon’.
So
we
did
an
online
survey.
With
the
help
of
technology
and
mass
media
we
could
approach
more
people.
More
than
100
people
of
different
age
groups
par3cipated
in
our
survey.
The
opinion
of
people
is
mixed
about
harnessing
3dal
energy
as
many
people
are
not
aware
about
it.
But,
the
people
who
were
aware
about
it
are
excited
about
it.
Especially,
the
young
genera3on
is
keeping
track
with
the
development
of
the
project.
The
senior
ci3es
have
a
concern
;
whether
the
amount
of
money
invested
will
be
recovered?
If
yes,
then
what
is
the
dura3on
of
recovery?
We
felt
that
their
doubts
must
cleared
so
we
posted
this
ques3on
on
the
official
website
of
the
project.
In
this
way,
we
did
our
bit
to
create
awareness
about
the
project
in
the
city.
(
Survey
conducted
on
www.facebook.com
)
!
!
!
6.Conclusion
:
!
Aaer
an
extensive
research,
we
have
concluded
that
although
a
number
of
people
are
completely
not
aware
about
the
3dal
lagoon,
a
fair
number
of
people
feel
that
the
project
will
be
beneficial
to
the
ci3zens
of
Swansea.
It
will
not
only
generate
a
reasonable
amount
of
clean
energy
but
also
create
long
3me
job
opportuni3es,
educa3onal
programs,
sports
facili3es
and
adract
tourists.
This
project
will
act
like
a
turning
point
in
the
development
of
Swansea
and
help
it
gain
new
heights
in
the
global
market.
7.
Recommendations
:
!
Swansea
has
a
fair
amount
of
wind.
Why
don't
the
project
managers,
keeping
it
in
considera3on,
install
windmills
on
the
path
way.
This
will
save
cost
of
installa3on
of
separate
concrete
pre-‐cast
blocks
in
the
sea.
Naturally,
the
amount
of
energy
the
project
is
genera3ng
will
also
increase.
!
9
11. !
!
8.
Reference
List
:
!
Alistair Thomas. (2010). Tidal Lagoon Swansea Bay. Retrieved January 10, 2014,
http://tidallagoonswanseabay.com/what-is-a-tidal-lagoon.aspx
!
British Broadcast Corporation (BBC, 2013)
!
Charlier, R., Flinkl, C. (2009). Ocean Energy. s.l. : Springer.
!
Great Britain : Parliament : House of Commons : Energy and Climate Change
Committee, (2013). A Severn Barrage. London : The Stationary Office.
!
Peter Darwell. (2007). Tidal Energy Limited. retrieved December 13, 2013, http://
www.tidalenergyltd.com/?page_id=1370
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!
!
9.
Appendix
:
!
Chris Elliott. (2008). The Guardian. Retrieved November 30, 2013,http://
www.theguardian.com/uk
!
Stephen Pritchard. (2010). National Infrastructure Planning. Retrieved February
14, 2014, http://infrastructure.planningportal.gov.uk/
!
Wales Online (2014), http://www.walesonline.co.uk/
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