The document provides an overview of Tibetan Buddhism aimed at newcomers. It introduces key concepts like the three vehicles (Hinayana, Mahayana, Vajrayana), approaches, and schools. The four major schools - Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya, and Geluk - are summarized briefly. Important figures like the Dalai Lama and key Buddhas such as Shakyamuni, Maitreya, and the five wisdom Buddhas are also mentioned. The author acknowledges they are not formally trained but compiled the information from sources like Wikipedia to provide a clear and concise starting point for understanding Tibetan Buddhism.

1. Tibetan Buddhism for Dharma Dummies

2. Tibetan Buddhism for Dharma DummiesAs I have grown older, I have become more drawn to the Dharma. For a Western “book Buddhist” like myself, its hard to get a clear understanding of Tibetan Buddhism from the hippy-dippy gobbledegook that often gets published. Its often very difficult to figure out how to practice.I wanted a CLEAR, concise, no bs, instruction guide.I couldn’t find one, so I made onePart I: Introduction

3. I am completely unqualified to teachNot a BuddhistNot officially trained in BuddhismDon’t speak TibetanDon’t read SanskritDon’t meditate enoughAm not enlightenedEverything here I found on WikipediaOr I made it upPart I: Introduction

4. Buddhism in 30 secondsThe Buddha (Mr. With-It)The 4 Noble Truths Life is pain. Pain is want. Get rid of pain by Following the path Taking RefugeThe Buddha (the example)The Sangha (the community)The Dharma (the teaching)The 8-fold path (do the right thing)Mindfulness, meditation, compassionBuddhism has a real see for yourself, results-may-vary approachBut what’s the point?Stop endless sufferingEnlightenmentEnd Reincarnation (the cycle of ignorance, pain and hatred)Nirvana (no pain, no rinse-repeat, awake and happy)Part I: Introduction

5. Approaches to Buddhism The Buddha didn’t write any of his teachings down; consequently, up to 18 different “schools” sprang up over the years to transmit and explain their interpretation of his teachings.Some of these schools includedSarvastivada – a variant that eventually made its way to TibetTherevada – one of the oldest Buddhist schools of thought and one that still exists in Sri Lanka.There are basically three great “vehicles” (approaches or traditions) to Buddhism. By “approaches” I mean both a) a body of doctrine b) philosophical outlook and c) way to practice. They are often called “The Three Yanas”Part I: Introduction

6. Approaches to Buddhism (cont.) “The Three Yanas”Part I: IntroductionHinayana – “smaller boat” or “lesser vehicle” or “the narrow way”. Tends to see the goal of Buddhist practice as individual salvation, and by salvation it means extinction with the person no longer being reborn but reaching Nirvana. Only for expert monksThe label “lesser vehicle” is an insult by the Mayahana folks.Mayahana – “bigger boat,” “greater vehicle,” “the open way,” etc. Tends to see all living beings as interrelated and so the goal of practice is the salvation of all beings. Open to anyoneThis doctrine is the basis for such Buddhist schools as Pure Land, Zen, etc.Introduces concept of Bodhisattvas & doctrine of emptiness (shunyata)Vajrayana - A subcomponent of Mayahana Buddhism aka The Indestructible Way, Diamond Vehicle

7. The mystery tradition of Mayahana, also known as a Tantra

8. Mystical, hands on, esoteric, hard-core type of practice that has levitating monks, monks living in caves alone for 35 years, monks disappearing into rainbows. These guys are dharma commandos.

9. Vajrayana is supposed to be the fastest way (the one-lifetime fast lane) to become a Buddha.Vajrayāna Buddhism(a.k.a. Tantric Buddhism, Tantrayāna, Mantrayāna, Secret Mantra, Esoteric Buddhism and the Diamond Vehicle) Part I: IntroductionWARNING:All the concepts expressed here have multiple translations in different languages (Sanskrit, Tibetan, etc.)The spelling is consistently inconsistentThe doctrines are needlessly complex & consistently inconsistent, depending on what you read. Don’t worry about it.The fifth & final period of Indian Buddhism (6-7th cent CE)Complex, multifaceted system evolved over centuries Inconsistent and a variety of opinions. Scriptures called the Tantras. Heavy on ritualCombined with indigenous beliefs (Bon) became basis for Tibetan BuddhismComplexity of Tibetan Buddhism drawn comparisons to Roman CatholicismTaxonomy as mnemonics

10. History of Tibetan Buddhism (in a nutshell)“One is all for religion until one visits a really religious country. Then, one is all for drains, machinery and a minimum wage.” - Aldous HuxleyPart I: IntroductionNyatriTsenpo - supposedly first king of Tibet circa 200BCE. Roughly 42 Tibetan emperors (“Tsenpo”), of which only a dozen can be historically verified.7th Cent: King SongtsenGampodevelops Tibetan writing system & may have established the first Buddhist monasteries. After his death associated with the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara.King TrisongDetsey (TrisongDetsen) founds Samye, the first monastery in TibetFirst Tibetan Buddhist teacher is Padmasambhava (a.ka. Padmakara) he established the Nyingma school. First Transmission – Nyngma schoolRough patch: King Langdarma (Lang Darama)(838-42) tried to suppress Buddhism & reinstitute Bon. Assassinated by a Buddhist monk (with the murder considered compassionate since it prevented the King from acquiring any more negative karma! Event celebrated by the “Black Hat” dance.However, the Tibetan empire falls about for roughly 400 years13th Cent: Tibet becomes part of Mongol Empire; Emperor Kublai Khan very taken by Tibetan Sakya clan17th Century: Tibet unified under the Geluk Dalai Lama18th-20th Centuries: Complex politics with Chinese, British & Russian empires; semi-vassal to China; lots of infighting among 4 major schools1912-1949 Independent nation but closed off theocracy;1950: Chinese invasion; loses independence with 17 Point Agreement in 1951Diaspora & genocide

11. Tibetan Buddhist Schools - NyingmaPart I: IntroductionNyingma – “old school” Traces its roots to founding of Buddhism in Tibet. Relies on “termas” (hidden teachings) which apparently can literally be teachings hidden under a rock somewhere but are usually just somebody claiming that they received the “hidden teachings” in their head.Wear red hats. Most non-political; into DzogchenUses scriptures from the “first diffussion/tranmission”The school most closely affiliated with Bon, the previous religion of Tibet.

12. Tibetan School #2 - KagyuPart I: IntroductionKagyu – a “new school” - oral language school of second diffussionMultiple branches and subsects (too many to count)This school is into oral traditions, guru transmission, mahamudratantra & Primordial BuddhaUse the “new translation” and wear red hats.Spiritual leader is the Karmapa (currently in dispute)Many Tibetan Buddhist sects place primary importance on the guru-student relationship as essential to spiritual attainment and frown upon just relying on scriptures. Consequently, oral transmission lineage (so-and-so taught so-and-so) is very important . It’s also usually made up.The student is supposed to follow the guru’s instructions unquestioningly. The student is encouraged to think it’s his imperfections and not the guru’s shortcomings that cause problems in the relationship, sort of a “Daddy drinks because you cry” logic.

13. Tibetan School #3 - SakyaPart I: IntroductionThe“Gray Earth” “new school” Founded by KhonKonchogGyalpo in the 12th Century. Gained prominence under Kublai KhanInto scholarly traditions, especially the HevajraTantraUses the “new translation” and wear red hats. They have (or had) six main monasteries, including DorjeDrak.

14. Tibetan School #4 - Geluk/Gelug/GelukpaPart I: IntroductionA“new school”

15. GandenTripa = spiritual head

16. Dalai Lama = temporal leader.

17. Order was founded in the 14th century by Je Tsongkhapa (TsongKhapa), based on a school of teaching called the Kadampa.

18. Into Madyamaka & Prajnayaparmita texts

19. Use the “new translation” and wear yellow hats.An Alternate Approach“Rime” – a non-secretarian movement of late 19th Century with a universalist approach to the doctrines. Non-dogmatic. Created to counter the “my teaching is better than your teaching” rivalries of major Tibetan schools

20. Part II: Who’s WhoA Who’s Who of Tibetan Buddhism:Part II: Buddhas

21. Shakyamuni BuddhaTHE Buddha – i.e. Mr. With-It who lived in India in 600 B.C.“Sakya” – his clan name; “Sakyamuni” – sage of the SakyasTouching mudrā (right hand pointed downward over the right leg, palm inward) is reserved for a seated Śākyamuni alone.Part II: Who’s Who: Buddhas

22. Maitreya- The Future BuddhaWill arrive after the present Buddha cycle dies outDwells in Tushita heavenUsually drawn sitting downHands usually in teaching mudraPart II: Who’s Who: Buddhas

23. Samantabhadra – “The Primordial Buddha”(Kagyu and Gelug schools = Vajradhara) a.k.a. Adibuddha, VajrasattvaPrimordial Buddha; also considered a BoddhisattvaPatron of the Lotus StutraGirlfriend is Samantabhadri (Sambatabadri) ; together they are wisdom & selflessnessEssence of our own Adi-Buddha of Indestructible Blue Light Lord of all mysteries & master of all secrets; purified of emotional defilements; ultimate personification of all the BuddhasConquers all evil spirits who are the enemies of BuddhismManages the 8 DharmapalasUsually depicted naked because he is beyond all attributesManifestation of PadmasambhavaAssociated with VairocanaPart II: Who’s Who: BuddhasVajradhara means “Thunderbolt holder”

24. Buddha Vajradharma/VarjadharmaRepresents the speech of the BuddhasHands crossed at the heart holding a vajra and bellPart II: Who’s Who: Buddhas

25. The Medicine BuddhaAlso comes in 8 flavorsEmbodies healing qualities of all the Buddhas; conquers disease and delusionRight hand holds myrobalan plant, which can heal both physical and mental ailmentsPart II: Who’s Who: Buddhas

26. The 5 Buddhas/Buddha Families (A.k.a. the 5 Wisdom Buddhas, Dhyani [Esoteric or Meditation] Buddhas, etc.)Used in Buddhist psychologyRepresent mental constructs, emotions and physical aspectsConsidered related – “the principles are relatives, and the relatives are principles” – C. Trungpa.Each has a different gang sign, direction, animal, color & specific moment in the Buddha’s lifePart II: Who’s Who: BuddhasAmitabhaRatnasambhavaAkshobhyaAmoghasiddhiVairochana

27. The 5 Buddhas – 1. Vairocana/VairochanaThe Illuminator, Queen of SpaceBuddha Family: BuddhaAllows the true nature of things to appearWisdom: AccommodatingNeurosis: IgnoranceAggregate (Skanda): FormAction: TeachingSymbol: WheelElement: SpaceColor: White (sometimes blue)Season: N/ADirection: CenterMudra: Teaching wheelLover: Locana or Dhatvishvari (space)Part II: Who’s Who: BuddhasRepresents the first time the Buddha taught – “setting the dharma wheel in motion”Note: The correspondences at right may vary depending on the tradition and the specific tantra

28. The 5 Buddhas – 2. Akshobya(Akshobhya) The Unshakable One or Soul MirrorPart II: Who’s Who: BuddhasBuddha Family: VajraPurpose: Transforms anger into wisdomWisdom: ReflectiveNeurosis: HatredAggregate (Skanda): ConsciousnessAction: Protecting/destroyingSymbol: VajraElement: WaterColor : BlueSeason: WinterDirection: EastMudra: Earth touching (except apparently in this picture)Girlfriend: Mamaki (water)

29. The 5 Buddhas – 3. Amitabha Buddha Infinite Light, Discriminating WisdomBuddha Family: Lotus or PadmaPurpose: Transforms desire, empowersWisdom: Discriminating awarenessNeurosis: DesireAggregate (Skanda): PerceptionAction: MagnetizingSymbol: Lotus flowerElement: FireColor: RedSeason: SpringDirection: WestMudra: Dhyanai.e.Meditation (thumb-touching)Lover: Pandara/PandaravasiniMain Buddha worshipped by the Pure Land sect; bestows long life; represents gentleness, purity, etc. ; lives in Sukhāvatī realmUsed to be a bodhisattva named Dharmakāra.Throne supported by peacocks, who can supposedly swallow poisonous snakes without harm

30. The 5 Buddhas – 4. RatnasambhavaSource of Preciousness, Buddha Gem, Born from the Jewel or Giving BuddhaPart II: Who’s Who: BuddhasEach Buddha may also have a set of attendants. For example, Ratnasambhava attendants are Samanthabhadra, Akashagarbha, Mala & DhupaBuddha Family: RatnaPurpose: Transforms pride into equinamityWisdom: EquanimityNeurosis: Greed/PrideAggregate (Skanda): FeelingAction: EnrichingSymbol: Jewel, Wish-fulfilling gemElement: EarthColor: YellowSeason: FallDirection: SouthMudra: GivingLover: Vajradhatvisvari or Buddhalochana or MamakiThrone supported by horses

31. The 5 Buddhas – 5. AmoghasiddhiLord of Karma, Buddha of Unfailing Success Buddha family: KarmaPurpose: Transforms jealousyWisdom: AccomplishingNeurosis: EnvyAggregate (Skanda): ActionSymbol: Sword/Double vajraElement: Air/WindColor: GreenSeason: SummerDirection: NorthMudra: FearlessnessLover: MahaArya Tara or SamayataraSpiritual Emanation is VisvapaniPart II: Who’s Who: BuddhasRides on Garuda, the half-man, half-eagle creature who eats snakes

32. BodhisattvasOne who is awakePart II: Who’s Who: BodhisattvasMetaphor for Buddhist qualitiesVows to postpone enlightenment until all beings are freeClassified according to various gradations of enlightenmentObject of veneration, aspiration, etc.Approachable; can intercede on behalf of humansSometimes fuzzy distinction with Buddhas

33. AmitayusRelated to Amitabha (Infinite Light Buddha)A.k.a Buddha of Eternal LifeHolds vase with elixir of lifeLives in Sukhavati, the Pure Land in the westOften used as a YidamPart II: Who’s Who: BodhisattvasBuddhas/Bodhisattva clothing & jewelry are based on ancient Indian royalty costume; Buddhas are portrayed as kings and boddhisattvas as princes/princesses

34. Avalokiteshvara (a.k.a. Chenrezig)Lotus Holder, Lord of World, Lord of Six Syllables, Lord of Speech, Lord who Looks Down, etc.Bodhisattva that embodies the compassion of all the Buddhas. Holds a lotus. Postponed his own enlightenment until all sentient beings are liberated. Mantra is Om Mani Padme Hum. Sometimes depicted with 11 heads (so he can see in all directions) and a thousand arms (so he can lend a helping hand to everyone).Goddess Guan Yin sometimes describes as female formPart II: Who’s Who: BodhisattvasStanding means he operates in our worldHas different manifestations, depending on the realm:God: IndraShatakratuJealous God: VemachitraHuman: ShakyamuniAnimal: DhruvasimhaGhost: Jvalamukha “Flame Mouth”Hell: Dharmaraja (“Dharma King”)

35. ManjushriBodhisattva of wisdomSword cuts through ignoranceHolds lotus containing book Prajnaparmita SutraAlso comes in white flavorPart II: Who’s Who: Bodhisattvas

36. NamgyalmaThe Crowned Mother BuddhaPart II: Who’s Who: BodhisattvasThree faces and eight armsWhite body represents protection from disastersBlue face – defeat of devils; Yellow face longevityWhat’s up with the ’70’s rainbow tights?Symbolizes the ability to manifest in this world, or multiple worlds; also probably relates to the concept of a multi-elemental “rainbow body”

37. PrajnaparamitaNot just a sutra, but a goddess of wisdomPart II: Who’s Who: Bodhisattvas

38. TaraMother of Protected Wisdom; Mother of the Buddhas, Mother of LiberationOrigins in Hindu mythology as a mother goddessApproachable; could be prayed to without the help of a lama or monkFeminine enlightenmentBodhisattva, comes in several formsFemale aspect of Avalokitesvara, born of his tearsCompassion & actionOm Tare TuttareTureSoha (mantra)Part II: Who’s Who: Bodhisattvas

39. Tara – Green TaraMother of LiberationBuddha of enlightened activity, the energy of compassionPart II: Who’s Who: BodhisattvasNotice that right leg extended? Symbolizes the readiness to spring into action

40. Tara – White TaraCompassion, long life, healing and serenity; also known as The Wish-fulfilling Wheel, or CintachakraMaternal compassionHealingPart II: Who’s Who: Bodhisattvas

41. Tara – Black TaraAssociated with powerGuardian of “the void”Part II: Who’s Who: Bodhisattvas

42. Tara – Yellow TaraWealth & ProsperityIncreases positive qualitiesPart II: Who’s Who: Bodhisattvas

43. Tara – Red TaraFierce, magnetizes thingsTurns desire into love and compassionPart II: Who’s Who: Bodhisattvas

44. Tara – Blue TaraRepresents the transmutation of angerEvokes for luck and quick spiritual awakeningAffiliated with EkajatiPart II: Who’s Who: BodhisattvasWhat’s up with all the arms? Multiple appendages (arms, heads, etc.) symbolize sets of qualities & are a mnemonic device

45. Tara - Cittamani TaraForm used at the level of Highest Yoga Tantra in the Gelug SchoolPainted dark greenPart II: Who’s Who: Bodhisattvas

46. Tara - The 21 TarasPrayer/poem “In Praise of the 21 Taras” spoken each AM at all 4 Tibetan schoolsPart II: Who’s Who: Bodhisattvas

47. Tara - Khadiravani TaraTara of the Teak ForestThe “22nd Tara”Appeared to Nagarjuna in the Khadiravani forest, south India Part II: Who’s Who: Bodhisattvas

48. VajrapaniHand Diamond, The Immovable OneOne of the first bodhisattvasGuardian of the Buddha; represents his power (Manjushri represents his wisdom and Avalokitesvara his compassion)Also described as a manifestation of VajradharaPart II: Who’s Who: Bodhisattvas

49. VajrasattvaBuddha of Diamond WisdomPart II: Who’s Who: Bodhisattvas Associated with Samantabhadra

50. Lives in the Diamond Realm

51. Helps with preliminary practices

52. Popular in Nepal

53. Sometimes describes as the chief

54. of the 5 Buddha familiesYidams, Herukas & Dharmapalas(oh my!) Part II: Who’s Who: Yidams, Herukas & DharmapalasYidamSpiritual guide, Holy Guardian Angel, psychological archetype, personal protector, personal Buddha form, muse etc.Used as a point of entry for a person’s practice into a specific tantra, e.g. a meditation focusGuru will often assign a Yidam to a student based on their personal psychological makeupSpecific set of practices (sadhana) associated with each YidamHeruka:“Wrathful diety” i.e. angry gods or manifestations of Buddhas/Bodhisattvas; The nuclear power of enlightenmentMean’s “blood drinker” (blood usually a defilement)Usually have 3 heads, 6 arms, 4 legs; each limb represents a power; also 9 moods58 Variants in The Book of the DeadThe 5 main herukas have consorts & correspond to the 5 Buddha familiesAlso used as yidamsThere are also “semi-wrathful” (moody?) variantsRepresent compassion’s fierce determination to help people overcome obstacles.Heruka is a being beyond conventional cause & effect

55. Dharmapalas(and other Protectors)Part II: Who’s Who: Yidams, Herukas & DharmapalasBasically 3 variants:Dharmapalas/Dharmarajas – very enlightened, represent activities of the Buddhas, protect the Dharma; also described as mountain spirits tamed by PadmasambhavaMahakala (many forms; a manifestation of Avalokiteshvara)Yama – Lord of DeathYamantaka(angry Manjushri)Hayagriva(angry Avalokiteshvara with 108 flavors) VaisravanaShri Devi (Manifestation of Manjushri)ChangpaPranaAtma(alternates: PaldenLhamo , Tshangs pa , Begtse, Kubera)Lokapalas – protect teachers, monasteries, etc. Can exist in peaceful & wrathful forms; may also include the Four Guardian Kings (cardinal points)Ksetrapalas – protect specific locations (a mountain, a house, etc.)Evoked (invoked?) to assist us with certain practicesAlso seen as aspects ouf our own mindNote: There’s lots of cross-pollination between Herukas and Dharmapalas & variation in the list of protectors (e.g. some include Begtse, the God of War)

56. ChakrasamvaraThe Great Defender; Shastradhara (Weapon Wielder) Consort: Vajravarahi (or Nairatmya? )4 faces; some accounts give him 17 heads in 5 rows 2, 12 or 70 armsOften part blue, part greenEvokes to exorcise inner demonsThe “Swiss Army Knife” of Tantric toolsPart II: Who’s Who: Yidams, Herukas & DharmapalasNote the “alidhasana” leg pose – one straight & one bent. Comes from classical Indian dance

57. KalachakraPart II: Who’s Who: Yidams, Herukas & DharmapalasYidam; also a complex form of Vajrayana practice; supposedly the practices Buddha gave to the “King of Shambala” DawaSangpoAlso refers to the scripture KalachakraTantra and its commentaries. Incorporates astrologyInitiation ceremonies hosted by Dalai LamaMost Tibetan initiation ceremonies are one-on-one affairs with the exception of the Kalachakra – in which literally thousands of initiates may be inducted at one time!

58. GuhyasamajaPart II: Who’s Who: Yidams, Herukas & DharmapalasBodhisattva/” Tathagata Buddha” of the “GuhyasamajaTantra, Esoteric Community Tantra, one of the the 18 major Tantras of the Nyingma School and one of the oldest tantras everGirlfriend is Sparshavajra/AdhiprajnaBoth have 1 blue, 1 red, 1 white head (3 heads can represent the 3 gateways to liberation, the 3 aspects of wakefulness, the transformation of the three poisons, etc)Note the third eye; symbolizes spiritual awakening; insight that cuts through delusion; seeing into the past, present or future, etc.

59. SamayavajraAssociated with GuhyasamajatantraSupposed to purify one’s relationship with one’s spiritual guidePart II: Who’s Who: Yidams, Herukas & DharmapalasSix arms can represent the 6 perfections

60. Vajrayogini“Diamond Female Yogi”Generic Yidam/Female BuddhaPart II: Who’s Who: Yidams, Herukas & Dharmapalas

61. YamantakaDeath Destroyer or Death TerminatorAka VajrabhairavaEmanation of Manjushri; myth of Man-j scaring death to deathA Dharmapāla (law protector)Guardian of the southRepresents the courage to face death – both outer (physical) and inner (realization of non-dual reality) Part II: Who’s Who: Yidams, Herukas & Dharmapalas4 legs represent the trampling of the 4 marasNote the skull filled with brains & eyes – represents the delusion of the senses

62. Vishudda/Sri Samyak/YangdakUsed in Tantric practicSimilar to ChakrasamvaraAssociated with the 5th chakra (energy point)Affiliated with VajrapaniAlso known as wrathful diety of mindPart II: Who’s Who: Yidams, Herukas & Dharmapalas

63. MahakalaThe Big Black OneA Dharmapāla (law protector); affiliated with AvalokiteshvaraProtects Buddhist monasteries and tents! Has at least 3 variants (2,4 & 6 arms – depends on school)Wears a skull crownMythology written by KhedrupKhyungpopa of the ShangpaKagyu tradition in the 11th centuryPersonal tutelary deity for the Mongol ruler Kublai KhanPart II: Who’s Who: Yidams, Herukas & DharmapalasThe 6 arms represent the 6 perfections

64. Chodrygal (aka Kalarupa ) King of the DharmaAngry version of ManjushriConquers hindrances & removes inner or outer obstaclesInvoked in VajraVairabTantra practices in Highest Wisdom (Anuttarayoga) Tantra, used by the New Translation (Sarma) SchoolsPart II: Who’s Who: Yidams, Herukas & Dharmapalas

65. Yama(Tibetan: Gshin-rje) Part II: Who’s Who: Yidams, Herukas & DharmapalasLord of Death & DharmapalaKeeps the wheel of life (samsara) spinningProtector of the VajraVairab (Yamantaka) cycle of tantrasBuffalo head, 3 eyes, two horns; severed head necklace, etc.Lives seven stories underground in HellConsort is Chamundi; offers him demon bloodFirst mortal to die, now guide and judge of the deadDefeated by Yamantaka (Manjushri)

66. VaishravanaChief of the Four Heavenly Kings; Guardian of the northGod of wealthA Dharmapāla (law protector) but never presented in an angry formSits on blue snow lionHolds mongoose spitting wish-fufilling jewelsAttendants: 4 queens, 4 princes, 8 mountain spirits (Yakashas), 8 nagas, 8 demonsPart II: Who’s Who: Yidams, Herukas & Dharmapalas

67. Dakinis(Sky Walkers)Part II: Who’s Who: DakinisRed Dakini - The Crimson Rose SkydancerBlack Dakini - The Dark Face of the Void Blue Dakini - The Dancer on Ocean and Sky White Dakini - The Snowflake of Shining Radiance Golden Dakini - The Golden Waterfall of Peace and Blessings Emerald Dakini - The Shining Green Star of Power Vajrayogini - The Trauma Goddess A Dakini is a female persona of enlightened energy; can also represent a type of consciousness

68. More Wrathful Dakinis(cont.)

69. Kurukulla (Rigjyedma)Name means “The cause of knowledge”Both 4 and 8 armed variantsAssociated with a king of Uddiyana; also associated with Tara; possibly a pre-Buddhist goddessGoddess of love, sex, & enchantmentPart II: Who’s Who: Dakinis

70. Simhamukha a.k.a. SengeDongmaThe Lion-Faced DakiniManifestation of PadmasambhavaAssociated with Nyingma, Dzogchen & Book of the DeadPossibly considered a BodhisattvaPart II: Who’s Who: DakinisType of skirt:Elephant skin – Strength overcoming delusionHuman skin – CompassionTiger skin – Taming aggression

71. ThromaNagmoWrathful dakiniFeminine personification of wisdomAssociated with ChodPossibly the Black dakiniPart II: Who’s Who: DakinisFive skull headdress:Knowledge of the 5 buddhas

72. Liberation from the 5 poisonsLokpalas - The 4 Heavenly KingsBuddhist superheros – fight evil, protect the world and the dharmaAlso guard the cardinal pointsVaiśravaṇa (Vaishravana) Green; holds umbrella, snow weasel (see previous slide)Virūḍhaka (Virudhaka) southDhṛtarāṣṭra (Dhritarashtra) East, white; plays luteVirūpākṣa (Virupaksha) west – with snakePart II: Who’s Who: LokpalasVirūḍhakaDhratastraVirupaksa

73. Yet more/alternate Gate GuardiansPart II: Who’s Who: LokpalasThe eight guardians illustrate that there is no escaping the true nature of our own mindThere’s no escaping the fact that there are multiple variations in guardian sets!

74. DzambhalaEmbodies the Wealth aspect of all the BuddhasName from “jambhara” (lemon!)Grants longevity and prosperity in daily lifeHis pet mongoose spits out jewelsPart II: Who’s Who: Lokpalas

75. EkajatiProtector of secret mantrasMaternal grandmother of the BuddhasPainted with only one breastGuardian of the Dzogchen teachingsAssociated with Blue TaraPart II: Who’s Who: LokpalasSevered head necklace – usually 50 or 52 heads, represents 50 letters in Sanskrit, 52 mental factors, etc.

76. The Cast of 1,000sBut wait! – there’s more…Damchen - Tibetan mountain-spirits bound under oath to protect the Dharma by Padmasambhava; also known as a blacksmith protectorVajra Maidens – Vajramrita - The Essence of Flowing Nectar Vajralasi - The Essence of Laughter and Wonder Vajradhupa - The Essence of Clear Sweetness Amidst Clouds Vajravarahi - The Essence of Abundance and Fertility Vajragiti - The Essence of Crystalline Song Rakshasa – flesh eating, blood drinking spiritGandharvas– supernatural beings affiliated with moon. Have strange powers over women. From Indian mythology.Yakashas– mountain spiritsThe Three Worldly Deities - MamoBötong , JiktenChötö , MöpaDrakngakPaldenLhamo - Protectress of Tibet; sometimes described as a DharmapalaPart II: Who’s Who: VariousGarwaiNagpo – Damchen/worldly protector

77. People“A one-l lama is a priest, a two-l llama is a beast”Lama means “guru” or spiritual masterRinpoche – means “precious one” or “dear” – similar to “Mr.”Geshe –Tibetan Buddhist advanced degree title; similar to “Professor” or “Dr.”Siddha – a perfected masterTulku – a reincarnated master (or bodhisattva)Part III: People

78. Atisha(980-1054)Buddhist teacher from the Pala Empire; former Abbot of Vikramashila MonasteryAlong with KonchogGyalpo and Marpa, was one of the major figures in the re-establishment of Buddhism in TibetCreated method of attaining enlightenment called LamrimPart III: People

79. Dalai LamaName means “Ocean of Wisdom”The embodiment of the Bodhisattva of Compassion. DrepungMonastery is supposed to be his seatCurrent is the 14th (b.1935)Part III: People

80. Panchen LamaSecond highest llama in the Gelupa sectResponsible for finding the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama10thPanchen Llama attempted to accommodate Communist China (thus we don’t hear much about him)11thPanchen Lama is in dispute; the Dalai Lama-appointed version is MIA since 1995. The Chinese appointed their own version (See left)Part III: People10thPanchen Lama11thPanchen Lama(missing; in “protective custody”)11thPanchen Lama(appointed by Chinese Communists)

81. Gampopa(1079-1153)Physician from Dagpo region in KhamTop student of Milarepa. Established the Kagyu schoolAuthor of the Samadhiraja SutraPart III: People

82. JigtenSumgon(1143-1217)Founder of the DrigungKagyu SchoolPart III: People

83. Je Tsongkapa(1357–1419)LobsangDrakpa a.k.a. Je Rinpoche i.e. The Man from Onion ValleyHelped found the Geluk schoolTeaching emphasis onUnion of Sutra & TantraMonastic vows (Vinaya)Part III: People

84. LongchenRabjampa(1308 – 1369) Nyingma school teacherAssociated with ManjushriAbbot of SamyeWrote book “The Seven Treasures,” a distillation of 600 years of Buddhist thoughtPart III: People

85. MachigLabdron(1055- 1149) Famous female Buddhist yogi who created the Chod practicesPart III: People

86. Marpa(1012-1097)Monk who translated the Vajrayana and Mahamudra texts into TibetanPart III: People

87. Milarepa(1052—c. 1135)Bad dude; killed his family with black magic; then had a change of heartMilarepa taught by Marpa, who was taught by NaropaMarpa made him to physical labor before giving him teachingPracticed alone in a cave for 11 monthsPracticed alone for 12 years; skin turned green from eating nettles.Famous for his poetryPart III: People

88. Nagarjuna(ca. 150-250 CE)Indian monkFounder of Mahayaha BuddhismNot much known about himName of famous Bollywood actor (b.1959)Part III: People

89. Naropa(1016-1100 C.E.)Kashmiri Bramin convert to Buddhism; Professor at Nalanda UniversityStudied under TilopaMonk who created the crash-course, single-lifetime accelerated method of enlightenment, described in his Six Yogas of Naropa.Part III: People

90. GarabDorje(184 BC – 57 AD)- An early yogin and tantric His life story full of miraculous events and powers; Tibetans think of him as a historical figurePart III: People

91. Padmasambhava(Guru Rinpoche, Lotus Born)8th centuryFrom Swat Valley, PakistanBrought Tantric Buddhism (Vajrayana) to Tibet & Bhutan; father figure to Tibetan BuddhismFounded the Nyngma school & Samye monasteryConvinced local Bon deities to serve the DharmaCreated practice of DzogchenHas 8 manifestations (plus others), for the 8 important things he did/stages of psychological preparationVajradhara of Urgayana (Oddiyana) King PadmarajaKing LodenChogsaySuryaprabhaRdor-je-gro-lod (Vajradamodara) Guru DrakpoThe monk IndrasenaBuddha ShakyasimhaSupposedly foretold that Tibet would be overrun by the ChinesePart III: People

92. Padmasambhava(as Guru Vajradhara Father-Mother, i.e. Guru Vajradhara of Urgayana [Oddiyana] )Urgayana [Oddiyana] = area of Afghanistan/Pakistan Blue body, portrayed as Bodhisattva in Yab-Yum poseRight hand embraces girlfriend & holds a Vajra; left hand holds a vajra-ghantaWears Bodhisattva outfitPart III: People

93. Padmasambhava(as King Padmaraja)King of OddiyanaRed body, holds drum (damarau, symbolizes impermanence) and mirror (sight)Royal cloths & horses headNote auspicious offerings at his feet, boneyard, wild animal surrounded by disciplesPart III: People

94. Padmasambhava(as King LodenChogsay)Mirror in right hand, skull cup in leftPhurpa (dagger) tied on his stomachPink halo & golden crownThrone covered in flowersConveyor of knowledge to all worldsPart III: People

95. Padmasambhava(as Suryaprabha, i.e. Rays of the Sun)Illustrates his life as a yogi who practiced in a graveyardMt. Potalastupa in backgroundHis staff (khatvanga) has a trident (control over 3 channels of nervous system) 3 heads (transmutation of death)Left hand in threat mudraSurrounded by Nyngma lamas (bottom right & top) Chinese flying god (upper right) two seated siddhas and a consortPart III: People

96. Padmasambhava(as Rdo-rje-gro-lod [Vajradamodara] )Form he took in Bhutan to subdue the local demonsAffiliated with VishnuConsort is the Mon princess TashiKyidren, portrayed as a flying tiger Note vajra, dagger, severed head necklance and appearing on a river of bloodPart III: People

97. Padmasambhava(as Guru Drakpo/DorjeTrolo)Fierce manifestation of Guru Rinpoche, represents “crazy wisdom”Often painted holding a black scorpion, symbol of neurotic sinStands on two corpses on lotus throne, holds a holds a vajra; tiger belt, skull garland, etc.Part III: People

98. Padmasambhava(as OrgyenMenlha)The “Unsurpassable Great Healer of Mind”Affiliated with the Medicine BuddhaManifestation as healerPart III: People

99. Tilopa(988 – 1069)Indian yogi who experienced original transmission of the Mahamudra (“Great Seal” advanced meditation practice)Helped found Karma Kagyu schoolPart III: People

100. YesheTsogyal(757-817)The Great Bliss QueenSemi-mythicalYab-Yum consort to PadmasambhavaImportant to the Nyingma schoolPart III: People

101. ScripturesSutra – originally meant a saying by the BuddhaLotus SutraWisdom SutraDiamond SutraHeart SutraTantra – Ritual instructionsCommentaries, rituals, instructions, observationsFourfold Innermost Essence (for Dzogchen)Estimated 4,800 Indian Buddhist texts translated into Tibetan (a number that means “a whole lot”)Part IV: Scriptures

102. Prajnaparamita SutrasThe Perfection of Wisdom in 8,000 LinesPart IV: ScripturesOne of the earliest sets of Mahayana sutrasManjushri holds a copyHeart Sutra & Diamond Sutra are subcomponentsLots of variations; more of a class of literature than a single text

103. The Book of the Dead“a.k.a. Liberation through Hearing”One of first Tibetan religious books published in WestDescribes the death process and what to do in order to use it as a method to reach enlightenmentOne of various methods = “Liberation through Wearing,” etc.Part IV: ScripturesMindI. DharmakayaBardoII. SambhogakayaBardoVairochanaAkshibhyaRatnasambhaveAmitabhaAmoghasiddi57 deities of mental formationsIII. NirmanakayaBardo“The Bardo of Becoming”Collapse &Separate at deathBody

104. Symbolism & Holy ObjectsPart V: Symbolism & Holy ObjectsDorje (Bell): Wisdom/Truth of/in emptiness/FemaleVajra: Short metal weapon that has the symbolic nature of a diamond-thunderbolt. Symbol for method, clarity, stability, male, but overall enlightenmentDouble-vajra: changeDrum (often a skull) Crowns, necklaces, etc.Mudra – position of handsSword - Cuts through delusion.

105. Flags, standards and banners : Victory of Buddhist teaching over ignorance

106. An elephant goad or ankh: Taming desires.

107. Spears: Pins down.

108. Club/Mace: Crushes opposition

109. Bow & arrows: Causing action at a distance

110. Trident: Three Jewels.

111. A lasso: Constrain negative forces. The 8 Auspicious SymbolsParasol – protection from sufferingWheel – 8-fold path; the dharmaEndless knot – the truth of dependent originationVictory banner – triumph over ignoranceTwo fishes – liberation from the sea of SamsaraTreasure vase – endless spiritual jewelsLotus – Compassion & purityConch shell – proclaims the Buddha’s awakeningPart V: Symbolism & Holy Objects

112. The 8 OfferingsWheel (8-fold path)Jewel (true wealth, generosity)QueenMinisterElephantHorseGeneralTreasure VasePart V: Symbolism & Holy Objects

113. Stupa (Chorten)Originally a monument that held a Buddhist relic (Buddha’s toe bone, etc.)Symbol of wisdomThe compassionate eyes of the Buddha watching the world — "We cannot hide from our karma."Part V: Symbolism & Holy Objects

114. Yab YumPart V: Symbolism & Holy ObjectsSexual unionCombination of wisdom & compassion (or method & wisdom), awareness and voidness; the union of complimentary statesFather/Mother as opposed to lover/loverHowever, the inspiration for lots of Western projections about “Tantric Sex!”

115. MandalaPart V: Symbolism & Holy ObjectsMeans Circle; sacred image of the universeArchitectural blueprint of 4 Island continents/palaces with Mt. Meru at centerOur bodies/minds are mandalasUsed in ritual or as a meditation object; also symbol for alms boxes, mudras, sand paintings etc.Sand Mandalas most famousRing of fire: Prevents the uninitiated entry into the mysteries; also represents the burning away of impuritiesRing of diamond thunderbolts: Cuts through ignoranceRing of lotus petals – Spiritual visionA Mandala has 4 sides, each with a specific color, palace, etc.

116. The Gelupa Refuge TreeBasically it’s a “family tree” or a genealogy chart of past spiritual teachersRepresents the “mindstream” of a lineageTsongkapa (founder of the Gelug Order) in the centerMadhyamika and the Yogacara sub-schools from the rainbows; Bodhisattvas and tulkus directly above TsongkapaBelow Tsongkapa, from bottom to top: the four lokpalas (guard cardinal points) dharampalas (Teaching Protectors) dakinis, 35 confessional buddhas, then 4 rows of TantradietiesTop of picture are Shakyamuni and MaitreyaBuddhas, each in their respective heavenSort of a continuum/unity in diversity themePart V: Symbolism & Holy Objects

117. Wheel of LifePart V: Symbolism & Holy ObjectsBuddhist CosmologyFoundation of dualistic/ego thinkingYama’s job is to keep the wheel of Samsara spinning. Note how he is holding up a mirror to your karmaYama, Lord of DeathThe three poisons 5/6 realms of existenceCycle (12 stages) of dependent origination

118. PracticesPrayer wheelsPrayer Flags “the wind horse with a wish-fufilling jewel on its back”Prostrations – method to overcome negative karma (climb a mountain by doing 100,000 prostrations)Tonglen – “in with the bad air, out with the good air”Mantra Om Mani Padme Hum (“The Jewel in the Lotus”)Meditation – helps you abandon delusionCalm abiding meditation (still the mountain lake) then Insight Meditation (clear the muck out)Mahamudra (“Great Seal”)Mahasandi (“Great Perfection”)Bodhichitta – awakened heartRetreats – some lasting up to three years!Part VI: Practices

119. Part VI: PracticesTantraBasically, “practice” – a Grab-bag of esoteric ideas & activities (many based on Hindu rituals) about how to communicate with the divine – lots of different versions in India and throughout AsiaSystem based on series of initiations given by a Guru – not supposed to practice without guidance; supposed to be secret & esotericInfuse reality with the divine rather than reject itPractices include mantras, breath control, visualization, chakras, mandalas, ritual (including sex), possibly use of hallucinogensAlso described as practice plus insight plus compassionCan also be classified as “father,” “mother” or “non-dual” tantras – the latter use anger and desire to eliminate delusionWritten in “SandhyaBhashya” – twilight language or metaphor code, similar to alchemy“New School” Tantras:Kriyayoga (Ritual)Charyayoga (Conduct)Yogatantra (Union)Anuttarayogatantra (highest yoga “aware of the body’s winds” or “unexcelled, continuous union”)Guhyasamaja (Esoteric Community)Yamantanka (Death Conqueror) a.k.a. Vajrabhairava (Diamond Terrorist)Hevajra (O Diamond)Mahamaya (Great Play of Illusion)Cakrasamvara (Wheel of Great Bliss)“Old School” TantrasOuterKriyayogaCharyayogaYogatantraInnerMahayoga (visualization) AnuyogaAtiyoga (Tib. Dzogchen) subcomponents Mental, Spatial & EsotericLots of differing yanas and yogas, depending on the material

120. DzogchenThe Great Perfection, SupercompletenessPractice introduced by PadmasambhavaPurpose is to get one to the “primordial state” of awareness, i.e. remain “in the clear” in “non-dual contemplation”Doesn’t require special place or equipmentIncludes activities such as sky gazing, active dreaming & lots of silent meditationUsually done in context of the guru-disciple relationshipPart VI: Practices

121. ChodCutting through the EgoBased on the Prajnaparnita SutraSet of practices around dissolving the ego via self sacrificeHang out in graveyards & imagine yourself being eaten by ghosts in a “tantric feast” (ganachakra)Citti Patti death dance – about the impermanence of lifePart VI: Practices

122. ChakrasSpiritual/Physical energy points in the bodyFour main chakras (as opposed to Indian 7) with complex set of correspondencesRelated to 5 elements (earth, air, fire, water, spirit)System used in both spiritual practices and traditional healthcarePart VI: Practices

123. Thank You!May all sentient beings enjoy happinessand the root of happiness. May they be free from sufferingand the root of suffering. May they not be separatedfrom great happiness free of suffering. May they dwell in great equanimity, free from passion, aggression and prejudice.