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Thinking Tools:
CAF, FIP, PMI (part I)
Naureen Faisal
Prof. Edward de Bono
“ Creative thinking is not a talent, it is a skill that can
be learnt. It empowers people by adding strength to
their natural abilities which improves team work,
productivity and where appropriate profits.”
Thinking Tools and Habits
• Habit
It is a routine and always at the back of the mind no matter what we
are thinking about.
• Thinking Tools
It is more formal than a habit. Specific thinking tools are used for
specific purpose.
The Seven Attention-directed Thinking
Tools
• Aims, Goals, Objectives (AGO)
• Consider All Factors (CAF)
• First Important Priorities (FIP)
• Alternatives, Possibilities and Choices (APC)
• Other People’s Views (OPV)
• Consequence and Sequel (C & S)
• Plus, Minus and Interesting (PMI)
Consider All Factors (CAF)
•It is very powerful strategy to make wise
decisions and attention-direction tool that
help to add multiple considerations about a
topic. It is pronounced ‘CAFF’
CAF Leads to
• breadth of perceptions by considering in a specific amount of time.
• consider all possible factors and do not leave out any important
point.
• It may be possible that some factors are important and some are
less important but it facilitates to practice thinking multiple factors.
• predict fears and helps in making wise choices.
• extend thinking horizon by asking questions related to the topic to
find more factors.
You are going to organize a
birthday party, list down
what do you need to
celebrate it.
CAF on given situation
• Make budget
• Invitation cards
• List of guests
• Decoration items
• Order cake
• Music and sounds
• Photography and videography
• Goody bags
CAF Exercises to try out!
• What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-
Daro? (History)
• Climate Challenges in Pakistan. (Geography)
• Migration into cities cause problems. (Civic)
First Important Priorities (FIP)
• FIP is a crystallization of the process of picking
out the most important ideas, factors, objectives,
consequences, etc.
• Obviously some of these ideas are more
important than others.
Why FIP
• It helps to narrow things down and improve parallel thinking.
• It emphasizes to keep attention to priorities.
• It encourages to generate ideas about a situation and decide which one
most or least important in making wise decision.
• It helps to understand that different people have different priorities of
the same situation.
Your child want to get admission in a
school, what will you see in that
school?
What four things are your priorities,
do FIP?
Exercises to try out! FIP
• How can Pakistan improve its agriculture? What four things Pakistan must do?
Do FIP (Geography)
• If you were selecting people to be good Police officers. What would your top
three priorities be? Do a FIP (Civic)
• In Mughal emperors era, what were their contributions? What four things are
their priorities? Do FIP (History)
Plus- Minus- Interesting
•The PMI is a strategy that helps to treat
ideas, recommendations and other
proposals to make sound decisions.
Why PMI
• see both sides of an argument
• view things from a different point of view
• think broadly about an issue
• suspend judgement
• make informed decisions
• work as individuals, in pairs or as members of a group.
How I can do it?
Plus Minus Interesting
Bill/Sign boards should be
banned in big city.
Plus Points
 City will be more cleaned.
 More lives will be saved.
 People have brand awareness
 Reach a variety of customers
 Always working
Minus Points
• It has limited information.
 Visibility issues can be there.
 People have brief exposure time
 City will look colourless and boring.
 Marketing industry will be suffered.
 Many people will be jobless.
 People will not be updated regarding upcoming events/sale etc.
Interesting Points
• Parents can save money when their children do not point at any
advertisement on billboard.
PMI Exercises to try out!
• What happens when trees of rain forest cut down. Do a P.M.I on this idea.
(Geography)
• Partition of Pakistan and India (History)
• Reflect of Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar era, do a PMI. (History)
• Should people vote to their candidates in election? Do a P.M.I on this
idea. (Civic)
• “In the near future, global warming will lead to large- scale melting of the
polar ice caps”
Technology integration in Social Studies

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Thinking tools

  • 1. Thinking Tools: CAF, FIP, PMI (part I) Naureen Faisal
  • 2. Prof. Edward de Bono “ Creative thinking is not a talent, it is a skill that can be learnt. It empowers people by adding strength to their natural abilities which improves team work, productivity and where appropriate profits.”
  • 3. Thinking Tools and Habits • Habit It is a routine and always at the back of the mind no matter what we are thinking about. • Thinking Tools It is more formal than a habit. Specific thinking tools are used for specific purpose.
  • 4. The Seven Attention-directed Thinking Tools • Aims, Goals, Objectives (AGO) • Consider All Factors (CAF) • First Important Priorities (FIP) • Alternatives, Possibilities and Choices (APC) • Other People’s Views (OPV) • Consequence and Sequel (C & S) • Plus, Minus and Interesting (PMI)
  • 5. Consider All Factors (CAF) •It is very powerful strategy to make wise decisions and attention-direction tool that help to add multiple considerations about a topic. It is pronounced ‘CAFF’
  • 6. CAF Leads to • breadth of perceptions by considering in a specific amount of time. • consider all possible factors and do not leave out any important point. • It may be possible that some factors are important and some are less important but it facilitates to practice thinking multiple factors. • predict fears and helps in making wise choices. • extend thinking horizon by asking questions related to the topic to find more factors.
  • 7. You are going to organize a birthday party, list down what do you need to celebrate it.
  • 8. CAF on given situation • Make budget • Invitation cards • List of guests • Decoration items • Order cake • Music and sounds • Photography and videography • Goody bags
  • 9. CAF Exercises to try out! • What do you think might have contributed to the decline of Mohenjo- Daro? (History) • Climate Challenges in Pakistan. (Geography) • Migration into cities cause problems. (Civic)
  • 10. First Important Priorities (FIP) • FIP is a crystallization of the process of picking out the most important ideas, factors, objectives, consequences, etc. • Obviously some of these ideas are more important than others.
  • 11. Why FIP • It helps to narrow things down and improve parallel thinking. • It emphasizes to keep attention to priorities. • It encourages to generate ideas about a situation and decide which one most or least important in making wise decision. • It helps to understand that different people have different priorities of the same situation.
  • 12. Your child want to get admission in a school, what will you see in that school? What four things are your priorities, do FIP?
  • 13.
  • 14. Exercises to try out! FIP • How can Pakistan improve its agriculture? What four things Pakistan must do? Do FIP (Geography) • If you were selecting people to be good Police officers. What would your top three priorities be? Do a FIP (Civic) • In Mughal emperors era, what were their contributions? What four things are their priorities? Do FIP (History)
  • 15. Plus- Minus- Interesting •The PMI is a strategy that helps to treat ideas, recommendations and other proposals to make sound decisions.
  • 16. Why PMI • see both sides of an argument • view things from a different point of view • think broadly about an issue • suspend judgement • make informed decisions • work as individuals, in pairs or as members of a group.
  • 17. How I can do it? Plus Minus Interesting
  • 18. Bill/Sign boards should be banned in big city.
  • 19. Plus Points  City will be more cleaned.  More lives will be saved.  People have brand awareness  Reach a variety of customers  Always working
  • 20. Minus Points • It has limited information.  Visibility issues can be there.  People have brief exposure time  City will look colourless and boring.  Marketing industry will be suffered.  Many people will be jobless.  People will not be updated regarding upcoming events/sale etc.
  • 21. Interesting Points • Parents can save money when their children do not point at any advertisement on billboard.
  • 22.
  • 23. PMI Exercises to try out! • What happens when trees of rain forest cut down. Do a P.M.I on this idea. (Geography) • Partition of Pakistan and India (History) • Reflect of Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar era, do a PMI. (History) • Should people vote to their candidates in election? Do a P.M.I on this idea. (Civic) • “In the near future, global warming will lead to large- scale melting of the polar ice caps”
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26. Technology integration in Social Studies