Thermoperiodism refers to the phenomenon where plant growth and development is promoted by alternating day and night temperatures. Optimal temperatures for plant growth range from 11 to 24 degrees Celsius, while temperatures below 10 degrees or above 25 degrees inhibit growth. Alternating temperatures can positively impact plant reproduction, growth, morphology, photosynthesis, seed germination, and flowering, leading to higher productivity. However, temperatures that are too high or too low can prevent fruit set, result in poor quality, and slow growth and photosynthesis, lowering yields.