This document discusses thermoelectric generators (TEGs). It begins with an introduction that notes issues like energy crisis, pollution, wasted heat, and the need for renewable energy sources. It then provides overviews of the basic principle, materials used, and fabrication of TEGs. The basic principle discusses the Seebeck and Peltier effects. Common materials include semiconductors like silicon-germanium alloys and ceramics. Fabrication aims to produce small, lightweight, and highly efficient TEGs. Applications and advantages like 24/7 power and waste heat recovery are also covered, along with disadvantages like low efficiency and high cost.

1. ThermoelectricGenerator
(TEG)

2. OVERVIEW
Introduction
Basic Principle of TEG
Materials Used
Fabrication of TEG
Applications
Advantages & Disadvantages
Rencana Riset

3. INTRODUCTION
Energy crisis-main problem
Increased pollution & population
Tremendous energy wasted in the form of
heat
Constant uninterruptable power requirement
Distorts the output performance
Efficiency decreasing in electronic systems
Increased interest in renewable energy
Energy scavengers are modern trend
SOLUTION???
THERMOELECTRIC
GENERATORS

4. INTRODUCTION
Energy Statictics

5. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF TEG
WHAT IS TEG??
Devices that convert temperature
differences into electrical energy
Basic principle – “SEEBECK
EFFECT” (power generation)
PELTIER EFFECT (Heating and
cooling purposes

6. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF TEG
Working Principle

7. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF TEG
THERMOELECTRIC POWER GENERATION
 It is based on SEEBECK EFFECT
 Heat is applied to a circuit at junction of different
conductors a current will be generated
 Thomas Johann Seebeck invented Seebeck effect in
1822
 The magnitude of voltage generated is proportional to
temperature difference and depended on type of the
conducting material
 Seebeck coefficient defined as the open circuit
voltage produced between two points on a conductor
when a uniform temperature difference of 1k is
applied between those point

9. MATERIALS USED
 Ceramic plates usually made from alumina
 Semiconductor thermoelements usually SiGe
 The hot and cold plates are usually connected using highly conductive material like
copper
 Foe Power Generators these are further categorized as: Conventional and Novel
Conventional Material
• Alloys based on bismuth (Bi) in combinations with
Antimoni (An), Tellurium (Te) or Selenium(Se) are
reffered to as low temperature materials and can be
used at temperatures up to around 450K
• The intermediate temperature range-up to around
850K is the regime of materials based on alloys of Lead
(Pb)
• Thermoelements employed at the highest
temperatures are fabricated from SiGe alloys and
operate uo to 1300K
• Although these materials provide a limited efficiency
• These are a cornerstone in practical and commercial
application
New or Novel Materials
• Promising candidate to fill the temperature range in
the ZT spectrum between those based on Bi2Te3 and
PbTe is the semiconductore compound -Zn4Sb3
• Possesses an exceptionally a maximum ZT of 1.3 at
temperature of 630K
• Apart from this a thin thermo electric generator film
made from semiconductors are also synthesized
• Their primary focus is not only on figure of merit (Z)
but to improve thermal contact

10. FABRICATION OF TEG
 Highest performance can be obtained
in presence of heaviy doped
semiconductor such as Bismuth and
silicon germanium
 TEG must be Small in Size, Light in
Weight, High silicon compatibility

12. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
Advantages
Solid state construction, no moving part, no
vibration
Available 24 hours a day
No noise and low maintenance
Convenient power supply
Stabilize temperature of devices
Increase operation life under all environment
Space and military applications
Performance output highly scalable
Waste Heat – Electricity
Space requirement is only 1/20 of a solar
cell
Portable power
Less weight than a battery
Disadvantages
Low efficiency
High cost
High output resistance
Adverse thermal conditions