This document discusses several thermodynamic cycles: - The Carnot cycle consists of two reversible adiabatic and two reversible isothermal processes. - The Stirling cycle has the same four processes as the Carnot cycle. It has the highest theoretical efficiency but is expensive to make. - The Diesel cycle consists of isentropic compression, constant-pressure heating, isentropic expansion, and constant-volume heat rejection. Diesel engines have an efficiency around 40% while turbocharged engines reach 50%. - The Rankine cycle uses a steam engine with isentropic pumping, constant pressure heat addition, isentropic expansion in a turbine, and constant pressure heat rejection. It has a maximum Car

1. THERMODYNAMICS
CYCLES
• Umar Tariq
• Junaid Badar
• Muhammad Zaroon

2. Flow Of Presentation
 Introduction
 Relation b/w Carnot and Ideal Cycle
 Carnot Cycle
 Stirling Cycle
 Diesel Cycle
 Rankine Cycle
 Reheat Cycle
 Q/A session

3. Thermodynamic cycle
Introduction
 STATEMENT
’’Thermodynamic processes that involve the
transference of heat and work into and out of the
system by varying pressure, temperature, and other
state variables within the system’’

4. Thermodynamics cycle
Ideal Cycle
A cycle that resembles the actual cycle closely but is made up
totally of internally reversible processes is called an Ideal
cycle.
Carnot Cycle : Infect , it is a type of an ideal Cycle because
carnot cycle has maximum efficiency closer to ideal cycle.

5. Thermodynamics cycle
Carnot Cycle
1-2 Reversible Isothermal Expansion (Heat Addition)
2-3 Reversible Adiabatic expansion
3-4 Reversible Isothermal compression (Heat Rejection)
4-1 Reversible Adiabatic Compression

6. Thermodynamics cycle
Stirling cycle
1-2 Reversible Isothermal Expansion (Heat Addition)
2-3 Reversible Adiabatic expansion
3-4 Reversible Isothermal compression (Heat Rejection)
4-1 Reversible Adiabatic Compression

7. Thermodynamics cycle
Stirling cycle
(Efficiency )
 Highest theoretical efficiency
 Expensive to make
 Not competitive with other types for normal commercial use

8. Thermodynamics cycle
Diesel Cycle (Figure Representation)
1-2 Isentropic compression
2-3 Constant-Pressure heating
3-4 Isentropic expansion
4-1 Constant-volume heat rejection

9. Thermodynamics cycle
Diesel Cycle (Diagram Representation)
1-2 Isentropic compression
2-3 Constant-Pressure heating
3-4 Isentropic expansion
4-1 Constant-volume heat rejection

10. Thermodynamics cycle
Diesel Cycle
(Efficiency)
 Diesels Engines, efficiency of about 40%
 Turbo charged has efficiency of 50%

11. Thermodynamics cycle
Rankine Cycle

12. Thermodynamics cycle
Rankine Cycle

13. Thermodynamics cycle
Rankine Cycle (steam engine)
1-2 isentropic pump
2-3 constant pressure heat addition
3-4 isentropic turbine
4-1 constant pressure heat rejection
1
2
3
4

14. Thermodynamics cycle
 Reheat Cycle

15. Thermodynamics cycle
Rankine Cycle
(Efficiency)
Rankine cycle which has a maximum Carnot efficiency of 63%

16. Thermodynamics cycle
Question/Answering