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1. THERMAL POWER
GENERATION OF PAKISTAN
Presenter:
MUHAMMAD FAZIL MEMON
Presented to:
ENGR. SHUBASH KUMAR
Department of Electrical Engineering,
Indus University, Karachi

2. Contents
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Basic Components Of Plant
• Block Diagram Of Thermal Power Plant
• How Thermal Power Plants Works
• Advantages Of Thermal Power Plant
• Disadvantages Of Thermal Power Plant
• Conclusion
• References

3. Abstract
• Abstract: Thermal Power Plant is a major source of electricity
production by Fossil Fuels. We will understand the overview of Thermal
Power Plant i.e its parts such as boiler, turbine etc. Overview of Thermal
Power Plant is very important for its better functioning and for its
maintenance.

4. Introduction
• Thermal power stations. In a thermal power station fuel such as coal,
oil or gas is burned in a furnace to produce heat - chemical to heat
energy. this heat is used to change water into steam in the boiler. this
drives the generator to produce electricity - kinetic to electrical energy.

5. The Basic Components Of The Thermal Power
Station
•Boiler
•Steam turbine
•Generator
•Condenser
•Cooling towers
•Circulating water pump
•Boiler feed pump
•Forced or induced draught fans
•These are the main components in the thermal power plant

6. Basic Components Of Thermal Power
Plant
• Boiler
• A boiler is a closed vessel in which the water or fluid is heated
• Steam turbine
• A steam turbine is a device which extracts thermal energy from the pressurized steam.
The energy must be used to organize mechanical work on a rotating output shaft.
• Generator
• A generator is a device which is used to convert the mechanical form of energy into
the electrical energy.
• Condenser
• A condenser is a device used to converts the gaseous substance into the liquid state
substance with the help of cooling.

7. Basic Components Of Thermal Power
Plant
• Cooling towers
• A cooling tower is a heat rejection device, which discards the waste heat into the
atmosphere with help of the cooling water stream to a lower temperature.
• Circulating water pump
• Circulating pump is a special device used to circulate the liquids, gases and slurries
present in the closed circuit. The main purpose of the circulating pump is circulating
the water in a cooling system or hydronic heating.
• Boiler feed pump
• A boiler feed pump is a specific type of pump which is used to feed the water into the
steam boiler. The condition of water supply depends on the boiler produce the
condensation of the steam.
• Forced draught fans
• Forced draught fans are used to provide a positive pressure to a system.
• Induced draught fans
• Induced draught fans are used to provide a negative pressure or vacuum in a slack or
system.

8. Block Diagram Of Thermal Power Plant
WATER
TREATMENT
PLANT
DEARATOR
1 2 3
BOILER TURBINE
HPH LPH
CONDENSER
CONDENSER
PUMP
ALTERNATOR
Drinking water
Approx. 6m
Feed Water
Pumps
Economizers
FORCED
DRAUGHT
FAN
INDUCED
DRAUGHT
FAN
CHIMNEY
RIVER
Super Heated Steam
OUTLET

9. Diagram
Fig.9 NG-PON2 and mobile services.

10. How Thermal Power Plants Works
• For better understanding we furnish every step of function of a
thermal power station as follows,
• First the pulverized coal is burnt into the furnace of steam boiler.
• High pressure steam is produced in the boiler.
• This steam is then passed through the super heater, where it further
heated up.
• This supper heated steam is then entered into a turbine at high speed.
• In turbine this steam force rotates the turbine blades that means here in
the turbine the stored potential energy of the high pressured steam is
converted into mechanical energy.

11. How Thermal Power Plants Works
• After rotating the turbine blades, the steam has lost its high pressure,
passes out of turbine blades and enters into a condenser.
• In the condenser the cold water is circulated with help of pump
which condenses the low pressure wet steam.
• This condensed water is then further supplied to low pressure water
heater where the low pressure steam increases the temperature of this
feed water, it is then again heated in a high pressure heater where the
high pressure of steam is used for heating.
• The turbine in thermal power station acts as a prime mover of the
alternator.

12. Characteristics Of Thermal Power Plant
• It gives high efficiency
• High capital cost.
• Used For high pressure and high capacity steam boilers.
• Demand more controls.
• Calls for very stringent water quality.

13. Advantages Of Thermal Power Plant
• Land required is less than hydro power plant.
• There are easier maintenance.
• Thermal power plant can be installed in any location where
transportation & bulk of water are available.

14. Disadvantages Of Thermal Power Plant
• Exhausted gases harms outside environment badly.
• The power generation cost is high compare to the hydroelectric power
plant.
• The released smoke produces the pollution in the surroundings.
• The life time must be 25 to 35 years.
• Thermal engines requires huge amount of lubricating oil that is very
expensive.

15. Conclusion
• We saw the various procedures, processes and equipment used in
production of electricity by thermal powers which were studied in books
and this has helped me in better understanding of power generation and
concepts of controlling of instrumentation power.

16. References
• https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oCi_jHWfH5y9ppJzhBZmx6cD
VJKyoB_5ZFBkSvVbj4I/edit
• https://www.electrical4u.com/thermal-power-generation-plant-or-
thermal-power-station/
• http://www.mechgrid.com/thermal-power-plant-and-its-working-
principle.html
• https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/power-system-
operation/9788131755914/xhtml/chap1_1.2.xhtml