Thermal power plants generate electricity by converting the heat energy from burning coal into mechanical energy using steam to power turbines that spin generators. They have several key components including coal and ash handling, steam generation in boilers, steam turbines connected to alternators to produce electricity, and cooling systems like condensers and cooling towers. Thermal power plants provide a reliable source of bulk electricity but have disadvantages like air pollution and higher operating costs compared to other generation methods.

1. Thermal power generating
stations

2. Generation of Electrical Energy
 The conversion of energy available in different
forms in nature into electrical energy is known as
generation of electrical energy.
 All these forms of energy can be converted into
electrical energy by the use of some suitable
arrangements. The arrangements essentially employs
an alternator to a prime mover.

3. Electric Power Plants
Bulk amount of power generated by special
plants is known as “Electric power plants”
Depending upon the form of energy converted
into electrical energy. The generating stations
are classified as follows:
• Thermal power plant
• Hydro power plant
• Nuclear power plant
• Bio-gas power plant

4. Importance Of Electrical Energy
Convenient form of energy
Cleanliness
Cheapness
Easy control
Greater flexibility

5. Introduction
• Now a days electrical energy power plays a
significant role. Electrical power is one type of
energy.
• Energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it
can be transformed from one form to another
form.
• Energy exists in different forms in nature but
the most important form is electrical energy
• The modern society so much depends upon
the use of electrical energy, so that we focus
on electrical energy.

6. Thermal Power Station
• A generating station which converts heat energy
of coal combustion into electrical energy is
known as “Thermal power station”.
• A steam power station basically works on the
Rankine cycle.
• Steam is produced in the boiler by utilizing the
heat energy of coal combustion.
• The steam is expanded in the prime mover and is
condensed in a condenser to fed into the boiler
again.
• the steam turbine drives the alternator which
converts mechanical energy of turbine into
electrical energy.

7. Advantages
• When compared to Nuclear power plant fuel
is cheap.
• Less initial cost.
• It can be installed at any place.
• Requires less space when compared to Hydro
power plants.

8. Disadvantages
• It pollutes the atmosphere due to the
production of large amount of smoke and
fumes
• High running cost as compared to hydro
power plant.

9. Selection of Site For Thermal Power Plant
• The following factors are required for the
selection of site.
• Nearer to the coal mine.
• Availability of water
• Cost and type of the land
• Facility for the ash disposal
• Transportation facilities
• Nearer to the load centers
• Located far away from the populated area

10. Block Diagram Of T.P.P

11. The power plant mainly divided into 6
parts
• Coal and ash handling arrangements.
• Steam power generating plant.
• Steam turbine
• Alternator
• Feed water
• Cooling arrangements
• Exciter

12. Coal and Ash handling arrangements
• Coal is stored in the coal storage plant, from
the coal storage plant coal is delivered to the
coal handling plant.
• In this coal is pulvarised and fed into boiler by
suitable arrangements.
• Coal is burnt in boiler and ash is produced.
• This is ash is send to the ash handling plant
and then deliverd to ash storage for disposal.

13. Steam generating plant
• The steam generating plant consists of a boiler
for the production of steam and the auxiliary
equipment for the utilization of flue gases.

14. Steam turbine
• A steam turbine is a rotating machine which
converts heat energy of steam into
mechanical energy.
• The super heated steam from the super
heater is fed to the steam turbine which will
convert heat energy into mechanical energy

15. Alternator
• An alternator is coupled on the same shaft of
the turbine which will converts mechanical
energy of turbine into electrical energy.
• The electrical energy developed from the
alternator is delivered to the bus bars through
the transformer, circuit breaker and isolators.

16. Feed water
• The steam coming out from the turbine is
condensed and the condensated steam is fed
to the boiler as feed water.
• The feed water on its way to the boiler is
heated by water heater and economizer, this
helps in rising overall efficiency of the plant.

17. Cooling arrangements
• In order to improve the efficiency of the plant
the steam from the turbine is condensed by
means of condenser, water is drawn from
natural source supply such as river.
• Depend upon water availability is not sure for
through out the year, so the cooling towers
are used.
• Hot water from condenser is passed to cooling
towers to cool the water and it is reused.

18. Exciter
• Exciters are nothing but the DC generator. Its
main function is to supply DC power to the
system. These are mounted on the same shaft
of the alternator.

19. Main components Of TPP
• Boiler
• Super heater
• Economizer
• Air pre heater
• Condenser
• Chimneys
• Turbines

20. Boiler
• It is a second tallest part in TPP.
• In this boiler we can produce the steam under
pressure.
• Boilers are classified into two types:
1) water tube boiler
2) fire tube boiler

21. Super heater
• It mains function is to increase the
temperature of wet steam above the boiling
point of water
• These are classified as two types:
1) Radiant type super heater
2) Convection type super heater

22. Economiser
• It is essentially a feed water heater. The feed
water is fed to the economizer before
supplying to the boiler.
• Its main function is to increase the
temperature of feed water by utilizing the
heat from the flue gases.

23. Air pre heater
• It is placed in between boiler and economizer.
• Its main function is to increase the
temperature of air. Air is drawn from the
atmosphere by forced draught fan and is
passed through air pre heater before
supplying to the boiler
• These are classified into two types:
1) Recuperative air pre heater
2) Regenerative air pre heater

24. Turbines
• It is a rotating machine which converts heat
energy of steam into mechanical energy
• These are classified into 2 types:
1) Impulse turbine
2) Reaction turbine

25. Cooling towers
• It is a specialized heat exchanger
• It is tall open toped cylindrical concrete tower
for cooling purpose
• These are 3 types:
1) Atmospheric cooling tower
2) Natural draught cooling tower
3) Forced or Induced draught cooling tower

26. Chimney
• It is a vertical channel of structure
• It is located at the end of the plant
• It delivers the burned gases from the
combustion to atmosphere
• These are classified into 2 types:
1) Concrete chimney
2) Steel chimney