This document provides instructions for setting up and safely using various types of automotive test equipment, including:
- Digital multimeters can measure volts, amps, and ohms, and must be properly set for each measurement. High-impedance meters are recommended to avoid circuit damage.
- Test lights and logic probes can check for power or voltage signals without harming delicate circuits. T-pins provide connection points without damage.
- Proper connections and meter function selection are critical to avoid blowing fuses or damaging equipment or components under test. Always verify equipment is working correctly before use.
Ammeter is a low resistance galvanometer
It is used to measure the current in a circuit in amperes
Galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by using a low resistance wire in parallel with the galvanometer
the resistance of the wire depends upon the range of the ammeter
As shunt resistance is small the combined resistance of the galvanometer & the shunt is very low hence the ammeter has much lower resistance than galvanometer
An ideal ammeter has zero resistance
It is the most common instrument used to measure voltage
It measure either AC or DC voltage
It is a measure of the voltage between two points of an electrical current
There is a requirement to design a system to sense the presence of gl.pdfarihantstoneart
There is a requirement to design a system to sense the presence of glass bottles leaving an
automatic washer on a production line conveyor belt. The production line is for food products
and the environment is clean and maintained at a temperature of 15 degree C. The system must
meet the following criteria: The switching distance will lie between 5 and 20 mm. The output
from the sensor is to be of binary form, i.e. logical 1 when the part is present and logical 0 when
no part is present. It is necessary to ensure that a change of sensor state occurs closer to the
sensor when a bottle approaches than when it moves away. Bottles will pass the sensor at the
rate of 10 every second. There is no requirement for protection from contact with objects but it
must be proof against water drips. Recommend a suitable sensor and justify your
recommendation. Sketch a diagram that shows the functional blocks within the sensor and
explain each function.
Solution
lock Diagram of the system
Basic Elements Used
MICRO CONTROLLER
RESISTORS
CAPACITOR
INDUCTOR
POWER DIODE
WATER PUMP
IR SENSORS
DC MOTOR
CONVEYOR BELT
Resistore
A part from resister and inductor, a capacitor is the other basic component used in electronic
circuits. It is a device which
1. Has the ability to store charge which neither a resistor nor an inductor can do;
2. opposes any change of voltage in the circuit in which it is connected;
3. Blocks the passage of direct current through it.
CAPACITOR
The electronic component (mostly a coil) which opposes the change of current in circuit is
called an inductor. The ability of coil or inductor due to which it opposes the change of current
flowing through it is known as its inductance. The inductance of an inductor may also be defined
as the ability of an inductor to produce induced voltage when the current varies through it. The
unit of inductance is Henry which is named after Joseph Henry.
INDUCTOR
Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the
direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version of a valve and early
diodes were actually called valves. The construction and the fundamental working of the power
diode and signal diode are same but the power handling capacity of the power diode is higher
than the signal diodes
POWER DIODE
Sensors
IR Sensors work by using a specific light sensor to detect a select light wavelength in the Infra-
Red (IR) spectrum. By using an LED which produces light at the same wavelength as what the
sensor is looking for, you can look at the intensity of the received light. When an object is close
to the sensor, the light from the LED bounces off the object and into the light sensor. This results
in a large jump in the intensity, which can be detected using a threshold
DRIVER CIRCUIT FOR DC MOTOR
We have used the dc motors to drive conveyer belt and to. The driver circuit for dc motors is
shown below.
COMPARATOR CIRCUIT
Comparator circuit is used in thi.
There is a requirement to design a system to sense the presence of gl.pdffathimalinks
There is a requirement to design a system to sense the presence of glass bottles leaving an
automatic washer on a production line conveyor belt. The production line is for food products
and the environment is clean and maintained at a temperature of 15 degree C. The system must
meet the following criteria: The switching distance will lie between 5 and 20 mm. The output
from the sensor is to be of binary form, i.e. logical 1 when the part is present and logical 0 when
no part is present. It is necessary to ensure that a change of sensor state occurs closer to the
sensor when a bottle approaches than when it moves away. Bottles will pass the sensor at the
rate of 10 every second. There is no requirement for protection from contact with objects but it
must be proof against water drips. Recommend a suitable sensor and justify your
recommendation. Sketch a diagram that shows the functional blocks within the sensor and
explain each function.
Solution
lock Diagram of the system
Basic Elements Used
MICRO CONTROLLER
RESISTORS
CAPACITOR
INDUCTOR
POWER DIODE
WATER PUMP
IR SENSORS
DC MOTOR
CONVEYOR BELT
Resistore
A part from resister and inductor, a capacitor is the other basic component used in electronic
circuits. It is a device which
1. Has the ability to store charge which neither a resistor nor an inductor can do;
2. opposes any change of voltage in the circuit in which it is connected;
3. Blocks the passage of direct current through it.
CAPACITOR
The electronic component (mostly a coil) which opposes the change of current in circuit is
called an inductor. The ability of coil or inductor due to which it opposes the change of current
flowing through it is known as its inductance. The inductance of an inductor may also be defined
as the ability of an inductor to produce induced voltage when the current varies through it. The
unit of inductance is Henry which is named after Joseph Henry.
INDUCTOR
Diodes allow electricity to flow in only one direction. The arrow of the circuit symbol shows the
direction in which the current can flow. Diodes are the electrical version of a valve and early
diodes were actually called valves. The construction and the fundamental working of the power
diode and signal diode are same but the power handling capacity of the power diode is higher
than the signal diodes
POWER DIODE
Sensors
IR Sensors work by using a specific light sensor to detect a select light wavelength in the Infra-
Red (IR) spectrum. By using an LED which produces light at the same wavelength as what the
sensor is looking for, you can look at the intensity of the received light. When an object is close
to the sensor, the light from the LED bounces off the object and into the light sensor. This results
in a large jump in the intensity, which can be detected using a threshold
DRIVER CIRCUIT FOR DC MOTOR
We have used the dc motors to drive conveyer belt and to. The driver circuit for dc motors is
shown below.
COMPARATOR CIRCUIT
Comparator circuit is used in thi.
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LA HUG - Video Testimonials with Chynna Morgan - June 2024Lital Barkan
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Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
Improving profitability for small businessBen Wann
In this comprehensive presentation, we will explore strategies and practical tips for enhancing profitability in small businesses. Tailored to meet the unique challenges faced by small enterprises, this session covers various aspects that directly impact the bottom line. Attendees will learn how to optimize operational efficiency, manage expenses, and increase revenue through innovative marketing and customer engagement techniques.
Digital Transformation and IT Strategy Toolkit and TemplatesAurelien Domont, MBA
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Cracking the Workplace Discipline Code Main.pptxWorkforce Group
Cultivating and maintaining discipline within teams is a critical differentiator for successful organisations.
Forward-thinking leaders and business managers understand the impact that discipline has on organisational success. A disciplined workforce operates with clarity, focus, and a shared understanding of expectations, ultimately driving better results, optimising productivity, and facilitating seamless collaboration.
Although discipline is not a one-size-fits-all approach, it can help create a work environment that encourages personal growth and accountability rather than solely relying on punitive measures.
In this deck, you will learn the significance of workplace discipline for organisational success. You’ll also learn
• Four (4) workplace discipline methods you should consider
• The best and most practical approach to implementing workplace discipline.
• Three (3) key tips to maintain a disciplined workplace.
Tata Group Dials Taiwan for Its Chipmaking Ambition in Gujarat’s DholeraAvirahi City Dholera
The Tata Group, a titan of Indian industry, is making waves with its advanced talks with Taiwanese chipmakers Powerchip Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (PSMC) and UMC Group. The goal? Establishing a cutting-edge semiconductor fabrication unit (fab) in Dholera, Gujarat. This isn’t just any project; it’s a potential game changer for India’s chipmaking aspirations and a boon for investors seeking promising residential projects in dholera sir.
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RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Personal Brand Statement:
As an Army veteran dedicated to lifelong learning, I bring a disciplined, strategic mindset to my pursuits. I am constantly expanding my knowledge to innovate and lead effectively. My journey is driven by a commitment to excellence, and to make a meaningful impact in the world.
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
10. Figure 34–2 A test light can be used to locate an open in a circuit. Note that the test light is grounded at a different location than the circuit itself. Continued CAUTION: The use of a continuity test light is not recommended on any electronic circuit. Because a continuity light contains a battery and applies voltage, it may harm delicate electronic components.
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16. Figure 34–6 Typical digital multimeter. The black meter lead always is placed in the COM terminal. Except when measuring the current in amperes, the red meter test lead remaIns in the VW terminal. Continued
17. Figure 34–7 Common abbreviations used on the display face of many digital mutimeters. See the charton Page 342 of your textbook. Continued
18. Figure 34–8 A summary chart indicating what measurement type may be used to test which vehicle system. See the chart on Page 343 of your textbook.
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24. Figure 34–11 A typical mini clamp-on-type digital multimeter. This meter is capable of measuring alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) without requiring that the circuit be disconnected to install the meter in series. The jaws are simply placed over the wire and current flow through the circuit is displayed. Continued
25.
26. Figure 34–12a A typical autoranging digital multimeter automatically selects the proper scale to read the voltage being tested. The scale selected is usually displayed on the meter face. (a) Note that the display indicates “4,” meaning that this range can read up to 4 volts. (a) Manufacturers specify that a high-impedance digital meter be used. When a voltmeter is connected to measure voltage, the meter itself becomes part of the circuit. Continued
27. Figure 34–12b The range is now set to the 40-volt scale, meaning that the meter can read up to 40 volts on the scale. Any reading above this level will cause the meter to reset to a higher scale. If not set on autoranging, the meter display would indicate OL if a reading exceeds the limit of the scale selected. (b) The high internal resistance has little effect on the circuit or component being measured. Continued
28. Figure 34–13 Typical digital multimeter (DMM) set to read DC volts.
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32. Figure 34–15 Using a digital multimeter set to read ohms ( Ω ) to test this light bulb. The meter reads the resistance of the filament.
38. Figure 34–19 Always look at the meter display when a measurement is being made, especially if using an autoranging meter. Continued
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52. Figure 34–21 This meter display shows 052.2 AC volts. Notice that the zero beside the 5 indicates that the meter can read over 100 volts AC with a resolution of 0.1 volt.
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57. Figure 34–23 The display on a digital storage oscilloscope (DSO) displays the entire waveform from idle to wide-open throttle and then returns to idle. The display also indicates the maximum reading (4.72V) and the minimum (680 mV or 0.68V). The display does not show anything until the throttle is opened, because the scope has been set up to only start displaying a waveform after a certain voltage level has been reached. This voltage is called the trigger.
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69. Figure 34–25 A pulse train is any electrical signal that turns on and off, or goes high and low in a series of pulses. Igniter and fuel-injector pulses are examples of a pulse train signal. Continued
![[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],OBJECTIVES: After studying Chapter 34, the reader should be able to: Continued](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)