This document describes the design of DC link and inverter output filters for an induction motor drive system. It discusses using LC filters to reduce harmonic currents in a 3-phase system. A dsPIC30F4011 controller is used to generate PWM signals to control IGBT switches in the inverter. Experimental results show that the filters help reduce harmonics present at the rectifier and inverter outputs. Testing was done on a 1.1KW, 1440RPM, 415V induction motor load to evaluate the closed-loop motor control and harmonic performance with and without the output filter.
Digital Signal Controller Based Four Switch Three Phase Inverter Fed BLDC Mot...ijsrd.com
Brushless Direct Current Motors (BLDC) are used in many applications for their low cost, high performance , ease of control, less maintenance because of absence of commutators and brushes and high efficiency. These advantages of BLDC motors have led to their wide spread use in variable speed drives. The main objective of this paper is to develop a drive system for BLDC motor with reduced switches and minimum hardware. The proposed work is based on, the dsPIC controlled four switch three phase inverter fed BLDC motor drive. The advantage of this inverter that uses four switches instead of conventional six switches is lesser switching losses, lower electromagnetic interference (EMI), less complexity and reduced interference circuit. dsPIC30F4011 digital controller is used to generate the switching pulses for Four Switch Three Phase Inverter consists of MOSFET Switches to drive the BLDC motor. Simulation and experimental work are carried out and results are presented. A simulation is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK and in the experimental work a prototype model is constructed to verify the simulation results.
Efficient bridgeless SEPIC converter fed PMBLDC motor using artificial neural...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a new design of Bridgeless SEPIC (Single Ended Primary Inductance converter) with Artificial neural network (ANN) fed PMBLDC Motor drive is proposed to improve Power Factor. The proposed converter has single switching device of MOSFET, so the switching losses is reduced.ANN is used to achieve the higher power factor and fixed dc link voltage. Also the ANN methodology the time taken for computation is less since there is no mathematical model. The output voltage depends on the switching frequency of the MOSFET. The BLSEPIC act as a buck operation in continuous conduction mode. Detailed converter analysis, equivalent circuit and closed-loop analysis are presented for 36V, 120W, 1500rpm BLDC Motor drive. This proposed converter produces low conduction loss, low total harmonic reduction, low settling time and high power factor reaching near-unity. All the simulation work is verified with MATLAB – Simulink.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal,
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
AN ACTIVE PFC WITH FLYBACK DESIGN FOR INTELLIGENCE IN STREET LIGHT APPLICATIONJournal For Research
As the requirement of energy demand is increasing due to rapid industrial development, it is necessary to meet the growing demand of energy. This can be achieved in two ways: find alternate resource to supply power or energy; or reduce the energy consumption of present resources available. The proposed work is basically the design and implementation of an intelligent street light of 50 W power output from the offline converter by using power LED. As power LED draws huge non sinusoidal current due to the presence of AC-DC converter, a Boost PFC and a fly back converter is used for better power factor and for dc voltage regulation. Along with this a PIR sensor and LDR sensors are also used. A PIC microcontroller is used for PWM dimming. This makes to reduce the power consumption in street light especially in urban cities in which most of the power is wasted in lighting streets during late night.
Now day’s the power factor has become a major problem in power system to improve the power quality of the grid, as power factor is affected on the grid due to the nonlinear loads connected to it. Single phase bridgeless AC/DC power factor correction (PFC) topology to improve the power factor as well as the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the utility grid is proposed. By removing the input bridge in conventional PFC converters, the control circuit is simplified; the total harmonics distortion (THD) and power factor (PF) are improved. The PI controller operates in two loops one is the outer control loop which calculates the reference current through LC filter and signal processing. Inner current loop generates PWM switching signals through the PI controller. The output of the proposed PFC topology is verified for prototype using MATLAB circuit simulations. The experimental system is developed, and the simulation results are obtained.
Digital Signal Controller Based Four Switch Three Phase Inverter Fed BLDC Mot...ijsrd.com
Brushless Direct Current Motors (BLDC) are used in many applications for their low cost, high performance , ease of control, less maintenance because of absence of commutators and brushes and high efficiency. These advantages of BLDC motors have led to their wide spread use in variable speed drives. The main objective of this paper is to develop a drive system for BLDC motor with reduced switches and minimum hardware. The proposed work is based on, the dsPIC controlled four switch three phase inverter fed BLDC motor drive. The advantage of this inverter that uses four switches instead of conventional six switches is lesser switching losses, lower electromagnetic interference (EMI), less complexity and reduced interference circuit. dsPIC30F4011 digital controller is used to generate the switching pulses for Four Switch Three Phase Inverter consists of MOSFET Switches to drive the BLDC motor. Simulation and experimental work are carried out and results are presented. A simulation is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK and in the experimental work a prototype model is constructed to verify the simulation results.
Efficient bridgeless SEPIC converter fed PMBLDC motor using artificial neural...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a new design of Bridgeless SEPIC (Single Ended Primary Inductance converter) with Artificial neural network (ANN) fed PMBLDC Motor drive is proposed to improve Power Factor. The proposed converter has single switching device of MOSFET, so the switching losses is reduced.ANN is used to achieve the higher power factor and fixed dc link voltage. Also the ANN methodology the time taken for computation is less since there is no mathematical model. The output voltage depends on the switching frequency of the MOSFET. The BLSEPIC act as a buck operation in continuous conduction mode. Detailed converter analysis, equivalent circuit and closed-loop analysis are presented for 36V, 120W, 1500rpm BLDC Motor drive. This proposed converter produces low conduction loss, low total harmonic reduction, low settling time and high power factor reaching near-unity. All the simulation work is verified with MATLAB – Simulink.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal,
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
AN ACTIVE PFC WITH FLYBACK DESIGN FOR INTELLIGENCE IN STREET LIGHT APPLICATIONJournal For Research
As the requirement of energy demand is increasing due to rapid industrial development, it is necessary to meet the growing demand of energy. This can be achieved in two ways: find alternate resource to supply power or energy; or reduce the energy consumption of present resources available. The proposed work is basically the design and implementation of an intelligent street light of 50 W power output from the offline converter by using power LED. As power LED draws huge non sinusoidal current due to the presence of AC-DC converter, a Boost PFC and a fly back converter is used for better power factor and for dc voltage regulation. Along with this a PIR sensor and LDR sensors are also used. A PIC microcontroller is used for PWM dimming. This makes to reduce the power consumption in street light especially in urban cities in which most of the power is wasted in lighting streets during late night.
Now day’s the power factor has become a major problem in power system to improve the power quality of the grid, as power factor is affected on the grid due to the nonlinear loads connected to it. Single phase bridgeless AC/DC power factor correction (PFC) topology to improve the power factor as well as the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the utility grid is proposed. By removing the input bridge in conventional PFC converters, the control circuit is simplified; the total harmonics distortion (THD) and power factor (PF) are improved. The PI controller operates in two loops one is the outer control loop which calculates the reference current through LC filter and signal processing. Inner current loop generates PWM switching signals through the PI controller. The output of the proposed PFC topology is verified for prototype using MATLAB circuit simulations. The experimental system is developed, and the simulation results are obtained.
DTC Scheme for a Four-Switch Inverter-Fed PMBLDC Motor Emulating the Six-Swit...IJRST Journal
The paper deals with the direct torque control (DTC) of brushless DC (BLDC) motor drives fed by four-switch three phase inverters (FSTPI) rather than six-switch inverters (SSTPI) in conventional drives. For any three phase inverter require six switches, but these switches are reduced to four. This reduction of power switches from six to four improves the reliability of the inverter, size of the inverter is reduced and cost of the inverter is also reduces. The FSTPI could be regarded as a reconfigured topology of the SSTPI in case of a switch/leg failure which represents a crucial reliability benefit for many applications especially in electric and hybrid propulsion systems. The DTC of FSTPI-fed BLDC motor drives is treated considering two strategies, such as: 1) DTC-1: a strategy inspired from the one intended to SSTPI-fed BLDC motor drives; 2) DTC-2: a strategy that considers a dedicated vector selection subtable in order to independently control the torques developed by the phases connected to the FSTPI legs during their simultaneous conduction. The operational principle of the four-switch BLDC motor drive and the developed control scheme are theoretically analyzed and the performance is demonstrated by simulation.
A solar fed BLDC motor drive for mixer grinder using a buck converter IJECEIAES
In large and small scale applications, different kinds of variable speed driving systems can be found. For saving the energy consumption of these devices, eco-friendly electronics are used, which lead to the development of the Brushless DC motor (BLDC). Its higher power density, higher efficiency, higher torque at low speed, and low maintenance enhances the use of a BLDC motor. The existing mixer grinder consists of the universal motor, which operates in alternating current supply due to high starting torque characteristics and simple controlling of the speed. The absence of brushes and the reduction of noise in the BLDC extends its life and makes it ideal in a mixer grinder. A solar-powered BLDC motor drive for a mixer grinder is presented in this paper. A DC-DC buck converter is utilized to operate the PV (photovoltaic) array at its maximum power. The proposed hysteresis current control BLDC system has been developed in the MATLAB. The commercially available mixer grinder is presented along with the proposed simulated system for performance comparison. It can be concluded that at the no load condition, the efficiency of the experimental existing mixer grinder is 51.03% and simulated proposed system is 81.25% and at load condition, the efficiency of the experimental mixer grinder is 49.32% and simulated system is 79.85%.
A novel speed controller for the three-phase Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor Drive is proposed using a closed-loop AC-DC Bridgeless SEPIC Converter in continuous Conduction mode. This design proposes a single stage AC-DC converter with ON and OFF state equivalent circuits for 400W, 48V at 2450 rpm PMBLDC motor drive. The Fuzzy based voltage and current controlling method is proposed in this design. The voltage controlling method is used to control the speed for BLDC motor and the current controlling method is used to improve the power factor in AC supply. The speed of BLDC motor is observed with voltage disturbance and the constant motor speed is maintained. The proposed control method on SEPIC converter fed PMBLDC motor drive is modeled by Simulink/Matlab.
Automated water head controller for domestic applicationeSAT Journals
Abstract In environmental terms, water is the lifeblood of the planet, still a huge amount of water is being wasted everyday because of overflow of water tanks installed in our houses. Though there are technologies to prevent this, but they fail to satisfy economical or reliability criteria because of which people don’t want to use them. Here we have designed a cost effective, reliable system, which is easy to install and requires almost zero maintenance. In system design we have used ATmega8 (8-bit CPU) microcontroller manufactured by Atmel corporation and ultrasonic sensor module (HC-SR04) for contactless measurement of water level. Keywords— Home Automation, AVR, Ultrasonic Sensor, Contactless Level Measurement, ATmega8, UART, Water Head Controller, HC-SR04
This paper presents a PFC (Power Factor Correction) Cuk converter fed BLDC (Brushless DC) motor drive and the speed of BLDC motor is controlled using fuzzy logic implementation. The PFC converters are employed to enhance the power quality. The Brushless DC motor speed is under the control of DC-bus voltage of VSI-Voltage Source Inverter in which switching of low frequency is used. This helps in the electronic commutation of BLDC motors thus decreasing the switching losses in VSI. A DBR (Diode Bridge Rectifier) next to the PFC Cuk converter controls the voltage at DC link maintaining unity power factor. The characteristics of Cuk converter in four dissimilar modes of operation are studied such as continuous and discontinuous conduction modes (CCM and DCM) respectively. The entire system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink software and the simulation results are reported to verify the performance investigation of the proposed system.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design of an Integrated Power Factor Converter with PI Controller for Low Pow...IOSRJEEE
In this paper, an integrated power factor converter with PI controller is proposed. The circuit topology is obtained by integrating two converters namely the buck converter and a boost converter. The boost converter is normally a step up converter which obtain an unity power factor and performs low harmonics at the input. Based on the simple circuit topology and easy control the boost converter or buck-boost converter is used as power factor correctors. Similarly the buck converter regulates the dc-link voltage and provide a stable dc output voltage. To achieve unity power factor, the output voltage of both converter should be higher than the amplitude of the ac line voltage. The steady -state analysis is developed and a design is provided
IEEE 2015-15 Power Electronics and Power System Project titles for ME and BE Students,Bangalore.power electronics and power system projects in bangalore.
AC Induction motor (IM) are used as actuators in many industrial processes. Although IMs are reliable, they are subjected to some undesirable stresses, causing faults resulting in failure. Monitoring of an IM is a fast emerging technology for the detection of initial faults. It avoids unexpected failure of an industrial process. Monitoring techniques can be classified as the conventional and the digital techniques.
1.1 PROTECTION SCHEME OF INDUCTION MOTOR
Classical monitoring techniques for three-phase IMs are generally provided by some combination of mechanical and electrical monitoring equipment. Mechanical forms of motor sensing are also limited in ability to detect electrical faults, such as stator insulation failures. In addition, the mechanical parts of the equipment can cause problems in the course of operation and can reduce the life and efficiency of a system.
It is well known that IM monitoring has been studied by many researchers and reviewed in a number of works. Reviews about various stator faults and their causes, and detection techniques, latest trends, and diagnosis methods supported by the artificial intelligence, the microprocessor, the computer and other techniques in monitoring unbalanced voltage inter turn faults, stator winding temperature and microcontroller based digital protectors have been recently studied subjects. In these, while one or two variables were considered together to protect the IMs, the variables of the motor were not considered altogether. Measurements of the voltages, currents, temperatures, and speed were achieved and transferred to the computer for final protection decision.
A programmable integrated circuit (PIC) based protection system has been introduced using Microprocessors and the solutions of various faults of the phase currents, the phase voltages, the speed, and the winding temperatures of an IM occurring in operation have been achieved with the help of the microcontroller, but these electrical parameters have not been displayed on a screen.
Nowadays, the most widely used area of programmable logic controller (PLC) is the control circuits of industrial automation systems. The PLC systems are equipped with special I/O units appropriate for direct usage in industrial automation systems. The input components, such as the pressure, the level, and the temperature sensors, can be directly connected to the input. The driver components of the control circuit such as contactors and solenoid valves can directly be connected to the output.
Automated Air Cooled Three Level Inverter system using ArduinoIJEEE
The output voltage of a three level inverter is stepped voltage in which the output voltage have three possible values. Such systems can be used to interface renewable energy sources with the grid. Temperature has significant effect on performance of power MOSFETs. Typically, the MOSFETs used as power switches in such applications are a significant source of heat, and the heat energy dissipated by these components must be carefully controlled if operating temperatures are to be maintained. So for the system to work efficiently cooling of MOSFETs is required. This paper proposed an automated air cooled 3 level H-bridge inverter. The system consists of MOSFETs, LM 35 temperature sensor, Optocouplers for isolation. Arduino is used to control the on-off operation of fan. When temperature rises above certain level fan turns on to cool the MOSFETs.
Review of Integrated Power Factor Correction (PFC) Boost converter topologies...IJARBEST JOURNAL
This paper provides a review of various Power Factor Correction (PFC) boost
converter topologies suitable for telecoms. A novel integrated PFC topology is proposed which acts
as a backup power supply for telecommunication systems. The advantage of the proposed circuit is
that it operates based on soft switching principle thereby reducing the switching losses in the
converter. The topologies analyzed in this paper are conventional average current mode control
boost PFC, bridgeless boost PFC, semi-bridgeless boost PFC, totem-pole bridgeless boost PFC and
proposed integrated boost PFC. All these topology studies are investigated by carrying out the
simulation of the converter circuits using PSIM software. A detailed comparison of all the
topologies have been done and they are compared in terms of supply power factor, supply current
THD and displacement factor. From the results, it is inferred that the proposed integrated PFC
provides a reduced supply current THD and improved power factor. The results are validated.
DTC Scheme for a Four-Switch Inverter-Fed PMBLDC Motor Emulating the Six-Swit...IJRST Journal
The paper deals with the direct torque control (DTC) of brushless DC (BLDC) motor drives fed by four-switch three phase inverters (FSTPI) rather than six-switch inverters (SSTPI) in conventional drives. For any three phase inverter require six switches, but these switches are reduced to four. This reduction of power switches from six to four improves the reliability of the inverter, size of the inverter is reduced and cost of the inverter is also reduces. The FSTPI could be regarded as a reconfigured topology of the SSTPI in case of a switch/leg failure which represents a crucial reliability benefit for many applications especially in electric and hybrid propulsion systems. The DTC of FSTPI-fed BLDC motor drives is treated considering two strategies, such as: 1) DTC-1: a strategy inspired from the one intended to SSTPI-fed BLDC motor drives; 2) DTC-2: a strategy that considers a dedicated vector selection subtable in order to independently control the torques developed by the phases connected to the FSTPI legs during their simultaneous conduction. The operational principle of the four-switch BLDC motor drive and the developed control scheme are theoretically analyzed and the performance is demonstrated by simulation.
A solar fed BLDC motor drive for mixer grinder using a buck converter IJECEIAES
In large and small scale applications, different kinds of variable speed driving systems can be found. For saving the energy consumption of these devices, eco-friendly electronics are used, which lead to the development of the Brushless DC motor (BLDC). Its higher power density, higher efficiency, higher torque at low speed, and low maintenance enhances the use of a BLDC motor. The existing mixer grinder consists of the universal motor, which operates in alternating current supply due to high starting torque characteristics and simple controlling of the speed. The absence of brushes and the reduction of noise in the BLDC extends its life and makes it ideal in a mixer grinder. A solar-powered BLDC motor drive for a mixer grinder is presented in this paper. A DC-DC buck converter is utilized to operate the PV (photovoltaic) array at its maximum power. The proposed hysteresis current control BLDC system has been developed in the MATLAB. The commercially available mixer grinder is presented along with the proposed simulated system for performance comparison. It can be concluded that at the no load condition, the efficiency of the experimental existing mixer grinder is 51.03% and simulated proposed system is 81.25% and at load condition, the efficiency of the experimental mixer grinder is 49.32% and simulated system is 79.85%.
A novel speed controller for the three-phase Brushless DC (BLDC) Motor Drive is proposed using a closed-loop AC-DC Bridgeless SEPIC Converter in continuous Conduction mode. This design proposes a single stage AC-DC converter with ON and OFF state equivalent circuits for 400W, 48V at 2450 rpm PMBLDC motor drive. The Fuzzy based voltage and current controlling method is proposed in this design. The voltage controlling method is used to control the speed for BLDC motor and the current controlling method is used to improve the power factor in AC supply. The speed of BLDC motor is observed with voltage disturbance and the constant motor speed is maintained. The proposed control method on SEPIC converter fed PMBLDC motor drive is modeled by Simulink/Matlab.
Automated water head controller for domestic applicationeSAT Journals
Abstract In environmental terms, water is the lifeblood of the planet, still a huge amount of water is being wasted everyday because of overflow of water tanks installed in our houses. Though there are technologies to prevent this, but they fail to satisfy economical or reliability criteria because of which people don’t want to use them. Here we have designed a cost effective, reliable system, which is easy to install and requires almost zero maintenance. In system design we have used ATmega8 (8-bit CPU) microcontroller manufactured by Atmel corporation and ultrasonic sensor module (HC-SR04) for contactless measurement of water level. Keywords— Home Automation, AVR, Ultrasonic Sensor, Contactless Level Measurement, ATmega8, UART, Water Head Controller, HC-SR04
This paper presents a PFC (Power Factor Correction) Cuk converter fed BLDC (Brushless DC) motor drive and the speed of BLDC motor is controlled using fuzzy logic implementation. The PFC converters are employed to enhance the power quality. The Brushless DC motor speed is under the control of DC-bus voltage of VSI-Voltage Source Inverter in which switching of low frequency is used. This helps in the electronic commutation of BLDC motors thus decreasing the switching losses in VSI. A DBR (Diode Bridge Rectifier) next to the PFC Cuk converter controls the voltage at DC link maintaining unity power factor. The characteristics of Cuk converter in four dissimilar modes of operation are studied such as continuous and discontinuous conduction modes (CCM and DCM) respectively. The entire system is simulated using Matlab/Simulink software and the simulation results are reported to verify the performance investigation of the proposed system.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Design of an Integrated Power Factor Converter with PI Controller for Low Pow...IOSRJEEE
In this paper, an integrated power factor converter with PI controller is proposed. The circuit topology is obtained by integrating two converters namely the buck converter and a boost converter. The boost converter is normally a step up converter which obtain an unity power factor and performs low harmonics at the input. Based on the simple circuit topology and easy control the boost converter or buck-boost converter is used as power factor correctors. Similarly the buck converter regulates the dc-link voltage and provide a stable dc output voltage. To achieve unity power factor, the output voltage of both converter should be higher than the amplitude of the ac line voltage. The steady -state analysis is developed and a design is provided
IEEE 2015-15 Power Electronics and Power System Project titles for ME and BE Students,Bangalore.power electronics and power system projects in bangalore.
AC Induction motor (IM) are used as actuators in many industrial processes. Although IMs are reliable, they are subjected to some undesirable stresses, causing faults resulting in failure. Monitoring of an IM is a fast emerging technology for the detection of initial faults. It avoids unexpected failure of an industrial process. Monitoring techniques can be classified as the conventional and the digital techniques.
1.1 PROTECTION SCHEME OF INDUCTION MOTOR
Classical monitoring techniques for three-phase IMs are generally provided by some combination of mechanical and electrical monitoring equipment. Mechanical forms of motor sensing are also limited in ability to detect electrical faults, such as stator insulation failures. In addition, the mechanical parts of the equipment can cause problems in the course of operation and can reduce the life and efficiency of a system.
It is well known that IM monitoring has been studied by many researchers and reviewed in a number of works. Reviews about various stator faults and their causes, and detection techniques, latest trends, and diagnosis methods supported by the artificial intelligence, the microprocessor, the computer and other techniques in monitoring unbalanced voltage inter turn faults, stator winding temperature and microcontroller based digital protectors have been recently studied subjects. In these, while one or two variables were considered together to protect the IMs, the variables of the motor were not considered altogether. Measurements of the voltages, currents, temperatures, and speed were achieved and transferred to the computer for final protection decision.
A programmable integrated circuit (PIC) based protection system has been introduced using Microprocessors and the solutions of various faults of the phase currents, the phase voltages, the speed, and the winding temperatures of an IM occurring in operation have been achieved with the help of the microcontroller, but these electrical parameters have not been displayed on a screen.
Nowadays, the most widely used area of programmable logic controller (PLC) is the control circuits of industrial automation systems. The PLC systems are equipped with special I/O units appropriate for direct usage in industrial automation systems. The input components, such as the pressure, the level, and the temperature sensors, can be directly connected to the input. The driver components of the control circuit such as contactors and solenoid valves can directly be connected to the output.
Automated Air Cooled Three Level Inverter system using ArduinoIJEEE
The output voltage of a three level inverter is stepped voltage in which the output voltage have three possible values. Such systems can be used to interface renewable energy sources with the grid. Temperature has significant effect on performance of power MOSFETs. Typically, the MOSFETs used as power switches in such applications are a significant source of heat, and the heat energy dissipated by these components must be carefully controlled if operating temperatures are to be maintained. So for the system to work efficiently cooling of MOSFETs is required. This paper proposed an automated air cooled 3 level H-bridge inverter. The system consists of MOSFETs, LM 35 temperature sensor, Optocouplers for isolation. Arduino is used to control the on-off operation of fan. When temperature rises above certain level fan turns on to cool the MOSFETs.
Review of Integrated Power Factor Correction (PFC) Boost converter topologies...IJARBEST JOURNAL
This paper provides a review of various Power Factor Correction (PFC) boost
converter topologies suitable for telecoms. A novel integrated PFC topology is proposed which acts
as a backup power supply for telecommunication systems. The advantage of the proposed circuit is
that it operates based on soft switching principle thereby reducing the switching losses in the
converter. The topologies analyzed in this paper are conventional average current mode control
boost PFC, bridgeless boost PFC, semi-bridgeless boost PFC, totem-pole bridgeless boost PFC and
proposed integrated boost PFC. All these topology studies are investigated by carrying out the
simulation of the converter circuits using PSIM software. A detailed comparison of all the
topologies have been done and they are compared in terms of supply power factor, supply current
THD and displacement factor. From the results, it is inferred that the proposed integrated PFC
provides a reduced supply current THD and improved power factor. The results are validated.
Comparative Study of Three Phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic Inverter Using P...IJPEDS-IAES
A comparative study of three phase grid connected photovoltaic (PV)
inverter using Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and Fuzzy logic controller
(FLC) is presented in this paper. Proposed three phase inverter with single DC
source employing three phase transformer for grid connected PV system
controlled by using space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technique.
PI and FLC are used as current controller for regulating the current. Perturb and
observe maximum power point technique (MPPT) is used for tracking of
maximum power from the PV panel. Finally total harmonic distortion (THD)
comparison made between two controllers for validation of results.
Furthermore swithing losses of inverter are also presented. The simulation
results are obtained using MATLAB simulink.
DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL USING ON-OFF CONTROLLER BY PIC16F877A MICROCONTROLLERTridib Bose
This presentation consists the speed control of a dc motor using hardware (microcontroller) by changing the reference voltages logically and minimising errors.
A miniature tunable quadrature shadow oscillator with orthogonal control IJECEIAES
This article presents a new design of a quadrature shadow oscillator. The oscillator is realized using one input and two outputs of a second-order filter cell together with external amplifiers in a feedback configuration. The oscillation characteristics are controlled via the external gain without disturbing the internal filter cell, following the concept of the shadow oscillator. The proposed circuit configuration is simple with a small component-count. It consists of, two voltage-different transconductance amplifiers (VDTAs) along with a couple of passive elements. The frequency of oscillation (FO) and the condition of oscillation (CO) are controlled orthogonally via the dc bias current and external gain. Moreover, with the addition of the external gain, the frequency range of oscillation can be further extended. The proposed work is verified by computer simulation with the use of 180 nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) model parameters. The simulation gives satisfactory results of two sinusoidal output signals in quadrature with some small total harmonic distortions (THD). In addition, a circuit experiment is performed using the commercial operational transconductance amplifiers LM13700 as the active components. The circuit experiment also demonstrates satisfactory outcome which confirms the validity of the proposed circuit.
Brushless DC motor is a synchronous machine that makes use of electronic commutation instead of mechanical commutator. Brushless DC motors makes use of inverter encompassing static switches for its operation. A simple bridge converter when used for BLDC drive as front end converter makes input source power factor to get reduced which is unacceptable in the power system. To avoid the distortions in the source voltage and source currents, Buck converter which was used as power factor correction (PFC) converter in this paper to improve the power factor. Presence of power electronic converters deteriorates system power factor effecting overall system performance. This paper presents buck converter for power factor correction in brushless DC motor drive system. Buck converter is operated with current control strategy rather to conventional voltage follower control. Simulation model was obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and the brushless DC motor performance characteristics were shown for conditions with different DC link voltages and step variation in DC link voltage. Total harmonic distortion in source current was also presented.
IMPROVING POWER FACTORS BY USING LANDSMAN CONVERTER IN PMBLDC MOTORvivatechijri
Brushless DC in most commonly used motors in small scale applications like exhaust fans, Toys etc. The motor is supply by Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) with a dc-dc converter power factor correction circuit (PFC). Performance of dc-dc converters is analyzed and the results are discussed, third converter is best suited converter. By unity power factor the low-cost arrangement are provided. PID Logic Controller is utilized as the Controller for the BLDC motor. The Landsman Converter performs power factor correction and DC voltage control both are in a single controller. PFC converter improve the power quality in AC mains in wide range of speed and input AC voltage. In the PMBLDC Motor the electronic commutator of motor the Voltage Source Inverter is used.
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B210612
1. International Journal of Engineering Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 6726
www.ijesi.org Volume 2 Issue 1 ǁ January. 2013 ǁ PP.06-12
www.ijesi.org 6 | P a g e
Design of DC Link Filter and Inverter Output Filter for
Induction Motor Drive System.
Swetha.S.G1
, Nagabhushan Patil2
1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, P.D.A.C.E, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, P.D.A.C.E, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
ABSTRACT: This paper presents Design of Dc link filter and Inverter output filter for induction motor drive
system. In recent years, harmonics are considered as one of the most essential problems in electrical power
systems, Even though, this new highly efficient electronic technology provides improved product quality with
increased productivity by the use of smaller and lighter electrical components but they are the sources of
harmonics the perfect sinusoidal voltage and current waveform are very much distorted. To solve this problem,
a simple and practical approach to reduce harmonics current in 3-phase system is proposed. The using of LC
filter and inverter output filter in three-phase system will reduce the harmonic problem in the system. This LC
filter is depending on value of capacitor and inductor. It will reduce harmonics in the system. In the proposed
scheme, dsPIC30F4011 controller is used to produce signals. An induction motor of 1.1KW, 1440RPM, 415V,
2.6A rating are used as load for testing the developed hardware. Textronics TDS2024B storage oscilloscope is
used to store the gate pulses and waveforms.
Keywords––Bridges, DC link filter, IGBTs, Induction motor, LCR filter.
I. INTRODUCTION
Induction motors are widely used in high performance drive systems, because of its advantages like
high efficiency, very simple in construction and good power factor. Variable speed operations can be achieved
by induction motor. The conventional approach of motor control is to first convert the line voltage (AC) into
DC. DC is again converted to single/three phase AC as per load requirements. The output voltage, frequency or
both of inverter can be controlled by the application of power electronics and microcontroller/ICs.Various
synthesis methods produce different harmonic spectra. Much is studied and talked about harmonics and its
effects towards input/supply side. As far as analysis of levels of various harmonic orders and dV/dt at different
rpm-load combination is considered, only in some datasheets of the manufacturers the effect of filter unit is
given at the rated specifications of the motor.
To solve this problem, a simple and practical approach to reduce harmonics current in three phase
system is proposed. The using of the DC link filter in the rectifier side of the three phase will reduce the higher
order harmonic problems and the use of the filter in the inverter output side of the three phase will reduce the
harmonics which are present at the inverter. The speed control is undertaken by using variable frequency
method. The frequency is varied by controlling the switching (on/off) of power IGBTs (of inverter).
The developed hardware is tested on a 3-phase, 415V, 50Hz Induction motor. According to the requirement, a
software program is written and is fed to the digital signal controller (dsPIC30F4011) for the necessary action.
The controller circuit essentially takes the output frequency of the inverter, the set speed and actual speed of the
motor into account. Depending upon the difference between the set speed and actual speed, the microcontroller
decides the frequency of gate pulse of IGBTs. The output to the motor is given through filter circuit. The various
graphs/waveforms and harmonic orders are analyzed and studied on Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO). The
results are studied in two parts. In the first part the closed loop control of the motor is studied and in the second
part the harmonic analysis is done. A gross comparative study, with and without output filter, is made.
II. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITS EXPLANATION
1. System overview
The block diagram of the proposed Design of Dc link filter and Inverter output filter for induction
motor drive system is shown in fig 1. It has Inverter, Rectifier, filters, Gate drive unit, Control unit.
It has 3phase full bridge rectifier, DC link filter, 3phase full bridge inverter, LCR filter, control circuit.
In the proposed work, the 3phase full bridge rectifier consists of 6-6A-100L. Each leg having two diode sets
(upper and lower).Each set has two diodes connected in parallel to increase/double current rating. The output of
2. Design of dc link filter and inverter output filter for induction motor drive system.
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the rectifier is filtered by DC link filter of 1000µF inductor and two 450V capacitors. A DC link filter is
required to smooth out the ripple on the DC bus in order to run the inverter bridge.
The 3phase full bridge inverter has 6-FGA25N120ANTD-IGBT’s switches. The inverter is followed by
Gate drive unit and a control unit. The primary function of the gate drive circuit is to convert logic level control
signals into the appropriate voltage and current for efficient, reliable, switching of the IGBT module. In this
work an opto-coupler TLP250 is used to isolate the gate drive circuit and the IGBT based inverter circuit. The
opto-coupler consists of an infrared light-emitting Diode and a silicon phototransistor. The input signal is
applied to the IRLED and the output is taken from the phototransistor.
After the inverter section there is another LCR filter being placed so that the remaining harmonics at
the inverter side can also be reduce and the approximate sinusoidal waveform can be obtained at the output.The
output of 3phase full bridge rectifier with DC link filter, 3phase full bridge inverter is applied to the three phase
induction motor. A digital signal controller (dsPIC30F4011) is used to implement the core of the control
function, which simplifies the hardware setup.
Fig1. Block diagram of the proposed system
2. Power circuit design
The power circuit designed contains full bridge rectifier with DC Link filter, full bridge inverter
assembly and LCR filter assembly. At the start of the motor it experiences a very high current and the motor
may not run at the rated speed. An electromagnetic relay is used in the proposed scheme. Starting current of the
induction motor is six times that of the rated current for a duration of 4 Seconds. To limit this heavy current
flow, two wire wound resistances of 50Ω, 10W each are connected in parallel to the input supply. A single pole
change over relay is used to insert these wire wound resistors for a period of 4secs and then the relay bypasses
these resistors for the rest of the operation.
Three phase 415V, 50Hz AC supply is applied to the full bridge rectifier via starter assembly. This full
bridge rectifier converts three phase AC input into DC which is then passed to the DC link filter by two
electrolytic capacitors and an inductor. The pure DC supply is applied to the full bridge inverter which is made
up of six IGBT switches. This DC output is been given as input to another filter unit. The 3-phase induction
motor is connected to full bridge rectifier with DC link filter, full bridge inverter, RCL filter and control circuit.
The DC Link filter and the RCL filter is shown in figure 2.1 & 2.2. The DC link filter is used to smooth out the
ripple on the DC bus in order to run the inverter bridge. Primarily, the DC link filter consists of a large capacitor
bank. Often an inductor and capacitor is used. The inductor when used, helps buffer the capacitor bank from the
AC line and serves to reduce the higher order harmonics. Even after the DC link filter is been used the output of
the inverter unit is of non-sinusoidal. The RCL filter is the conventional approach used to filter the output from
inverters. In this present work, a passive filter is used at the inverter output side also to reduce the effect of the
harmonics.
3. Design of dc link filter and inverter output filter for induction motor drive system.
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Fig2.1 Equivalent circuit of DC link filter
Fig2.2 RCL inverter output filter
3 .Control circuit
The control circuit of the proposed scheme consists of a Digital signal Controller dsPIC30F2010.A
Digital Signal Controller (DSC) is a single-chip, embedded controller that seamlessly integrates the control
attributes of a Microcontroller (MCU) with the computation and throughput capabilities of a Digital Signal
Processor (DSP) in a single core. The dsPIC DSC has the “heart” of a 16-bit MCU with robust peripherals and
fast interrupt handling capability and the “brain” of a DSP that manages high computation activities, creating the
optimum single-chip solution for embedded system designs. The dsPIC30F devices contain extensive Digital
Signal Processor (DSP) functionality within high-performance 16-bit microcontroller (MCU) architecture. It
also consists of six opto-coupler for isolating the control and power circuits. In this work an opto-coupler
TLP250 is used to isolate the gate drive circuit and the IGBT-based power circuit Six IGBTs of the power
circuit are controlled by the PWM signals generated by the control circuit.
III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND IT RESULTS
The Design of Dc link filter and Inverter output filter for induction motor drive system is done
successfully and the developed hardware is tested with load. The proposed control system is implemented by a
DSC (dsPIC30F4011) based PWM inverter. C language is used to develop the program. The device is
programmed using MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE) tool. It is a free, integrated toolset for
the development of embedded applications employing Microchip's PIC and dsPIC controllers. For execution of
C-code, MPLAB compiler is used. In this work, I have used 415V, 50Hz, 3-Ph, 1.5 HP Induction motor.
The hardware set is developed and tested in power electronics laboratory and the photograph of
complete setup is shown in fig 5. The test is carried out on induction motor for different loads and set speed. For
different loads and set speed, current drawn by the motor and frequency of output voltage across all lines are
noted and are tabulated.
In the complete experiment the oscilloscope used is Tektronix TDS2024B Digital Storage Oscilloscope
(DSO) to store gate pulses and voltage waveforms. The speed of the induction motor is 1440 RPM, At particular
RPM, load is varied from 1KG to 3KG and corresponding voltages and currents are noted.
4. Design of dc link filter and inverter output filter for induction motor drive system.
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A. Experimental results analysisof speed control
Various readings for various speed-load combinations are taken. Table 1, 2, 3 shows the reading for
various loads, (measured in terms of weight depicted by the spring balance-pulley system) for the RPMs 1350,
1400, 1440 respectively. Fig 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 shows the gate pulses for the above RPMs
Fig 3.1: Gate pulse at 1000gm for 1350rpm
Fig 3.2: Gate pulse at 1000gm for 1400rpm
Fig 3.3: Gate pulse at 1000gm for 1440rpm
5. Design of dc link filter and inverter output filter for induction motor drive system.
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Table 1 Results for load v/s speed as 1350rpm
Table 2 Results for load v/s speed as 1400rpm
Table 3: Results for load v/s speed as 1440rpm
B. Experimental results analysis of Harmonics with and without filters
In the present work the harmonics contents predominantly present in the stator voltage are studied and
attempt is made to reduce them using filter units. This contributes to prolong the life of motor and reduce torque
pulsations. The figures 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 shows the waveforms without filter and with filter at different loads and set
speed.
Fig 4.1: Inverter output voltage waveforms at 500gm (with and without filter) for 1350rpm
6. Design of dc link filter and inverter output filter for induction motor drive system.
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Fig 4.2: Inverter output voltage waveforms at 2kg(with and without filter) for 1350rpm
Fig 4.3: Inverter output voltage waveforms at 500gm (with and without filter) for 1400rpm
Fig 5 Photograph of the complete designed system
IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper, Design of DC link filter and inverter output filter for three phase induction motor drive
system has been presented. The developed hardware setup is tested on a three phase 1.5hp, 415V, 50Hz
induction motor with loading in power electronics laboratory.
The harmonic contents at the output were studied on the storage oscilloscope. We found that the
designed filters effectively reduced the harmonic distortions.
From the experimental setup and results chapter it is observed that by the use of the designed filter at
the rectifier and at the output of the inverter, almost a pure sinusoidal supply is given to the motor drive system,
with this the operation of closed loop control system becomes very smooth and the torque pulsation will be
reduced to the maximum extent. With this we can say that efficiency of the overall system is increased.
7. Design of dc link filter and inverter output filter for induction motor drive system.
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Advantages of the Design of DC link filter and inverter output filter for three phase induction motor drive
system are:
Reduction in harmonics, improved life of the motor, high efficiency, high power factor.
There are various application areas for harmonic filters, the most important being: Adjustable speed drives,
Computer Equipments, Welders and Battery charges.
APPENDIX
The following defines the nomenclature and system parameters used in this paper :
A. Molar parameters and nomenclature: 50Hz, 415V, 1.5hp, 3-phase, 4-pole induction machine.
B. Inverter parameters : Vin : lnput voltage 415V
CT1, CT2 : DC bus capacitors 1000µf , 450V each
Q1,Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6: IGBTs FGA25N120ANTD 1200V, 25A
REFERENCES
[1]. K.S.Rajashekara collectively published a paper titled “DC Link Filter Design Considerations in Three-Phase Voltage Source
Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drive System” In IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 51,no. 3, june 2004
[2]. Najwa Mahamad Collectively published a paper titled “Application of LC Filter in Harmonics Reduction” National Power &
Energy Conference (PECoo) 2004 Proceedings, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
[3]. A manual from Rockwell Automation Mequon,WI “Straight Talk about PMW AC Drive Harmonic Problems and solutions”.
BOOKS:
[1]. Rashid M.H, “Power Electronics-Circuits, Devices and Applications”, third edition Printice HallIndia,2001.
[2]. Bimal K.Bose, 2002, “Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives”, Prentice-Hall India.