THEORIES_CONT.ppt
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This document discusses early theories of evolution proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and Charles Darwin. Lamarck proposed that organisms evolve through needs of their environment and inheritance of acquired characteristics. Darwin later introduced his theory of evolution by natural selection, whereby organisms with traits best suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more. The document outlines Darwin and Lamarck's key theories and concepts and mentions later modernized theories that built upon their foundational work.
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Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck proposed a mechanism for how life changes ov.pdf
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck proposed a mechanism for how life changes over time. Explain the
two principles of his mechanism. use and disuse inheritance of acquired characteristics
Although Lamarck\'s mechanism of evolution does not explain the changes in species over time,
his thinking has been influential. What is considered to be the great importance of his ideas?
Concept 22.2 Descent with modification by natural selection explains the adaptations of
organisms and the unity and diversity of life Charles Darwin proposed that the mechanism of
evolution is natural selection and that it explains how adaptations arise. What are adaptations?
Give two examples of adaptations.
Solution
Lamarck theorized early concepts of evolution. One of his principles \'use and disuse\' mentioned
that individuals lose the characteristics over time if they are not used and they gain
characteristics if they are used. If the organism started using a body part/organ more, then it
would develop more in the life time. He explained this with the example of giraffes where they
had to use their necks more to reach and eat the high placed leaves in the trees. This increased
use of their necks strengthened it and gradually increased its length. Example for the disuse of
organ - he mentioned about the appendix in humans which is not being used and is slowly
diminishing in size over time.
The second principle was Inheritance of acquired characteristics: This mentioned that the
changes in features and characteristics that were gained in the lifetime of an individual wil be
transmitted to the next generation offspring. he supported this too with the example of giraffes
mentioning that the long neck once acquired by a giraffe to reach high leaves, is transmitted to
the giraffe offspring..
Evolution
This document discusses several key concepts and theories related to evolution:
1. It describes Lamarck's theory of evolution which proposed that acquired traits could be inherited. It notes this theory is no longer supported.
2. It summarizes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, noting the key principles of overproduction, variation, adaptation, and natural selection.
3. It discusses Hugo de Vries' mutation theory which proposed evolution occurs through accumulation of mutations in genes.
4. It notes the modern synthesis combines Darwinian evolution through natural selection with Mendelian genetics.
Group 2 (Lamarckism).pdf
The document presents Lamarckism, an evolutionary theory proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. Lamarckism suggests that physical changes acquired by organisms during their lifetime through use or disuse of organs can be passed on to offspring, such as giraffes developing longer necks. It is based on the laws of use and disuse and inheritance of acquired traits. While Lamarckism was incomplete because it did not account for genetics, it formed an early hypothesis of how evolution may occur through the inheritance of traits acquired over a lifetime.
Evolution
The document summarizes several key theories and concepts related to evolution:
1. It describes Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, such as giraffes stretching their necks to reach leaves, and passing longer necks to offspring.
2. Darwin's theory of natural selection is explained, relying on overproduction of offspring, variation between individuals, competition for resources, adaptation, and natural selection of favorable traits.
3. De Vries' mutation theory proposed that new species can suddenly appear through single mutations, providing raw material for evolution.
4. The modern synthesis combines Darwin's natural selection with genetics, explaining evolution as gradual changes in populations through natural selection and accumulation of small genetic
Theory of inheritance of acquired characters 1
1. Lamarckism is an evolutionary theory proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1809 that acquired traits could be inherited.
2. It had four main points: new needs arise from environmental changes, use and disuse of organs changes their development, acquired traits are inherited, and gradual accumulation of traits leads to new species.
3. While it was influential, Lamarckism was later disproven and replaced by modern evolutionary synthesis combining genetics and natural selection. Neo-Lamarckism revived some ideas incorporating new genetic findings.
History of evolutionery thought
I AM HAFIZ MUHAMMAD WASEEM from mailsi vehari
BSc from science college Multan
MSC university of education Lahore
i love Pakistan and my teachers
Theories of evolution other than modern synthetic theory
1. The document discusses several theories of evolution other than modern synthetic theory, including Lamarckism, Darwinism, and the mutation theory.
2. Lamarckism proposed that acquired characteristics can be inherited and that use and disuse of organs leads to the formation of new species. Darwinism proposed natural selection and the survival of the fittest. The mutation theory proposed discontinuous evolution through large mutations.
3. Each theory has evidence supporting it but also has criticisms, and no single theory could fully explain the mechanisms of evolution.
Theories of Evolution
Lamarck and Darwin proposed early theories of evolution. Lamarck suggested that organisms' traits could change during life due to use or disuse, and offspring would inherit these acquired traits, allowing evolution. Darwin later theorized that natural selection drives evolution, where offspring vary, and traits making some better able to survive and reproduce will become more common over generations as less adapted traits die out.
Recommended
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck proposed a mechanism for how life changes ov.pdf
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck proposed a mechanism for how life changes over time. Explain the
two principles of his mechanism. use and disuse inheritance of acquired characteristics
Although Lamarck\'s mechanism of evolution does not explain the changes in species over time,
his thinking has been influential. What is considered to be the great importance of his ideas?
Concept 22.2 Descent with modification by natural selection explains the adaptations of
organisms and the unity and diversity of life Charles Darwin proposed that the mechanism of
evolution is natural selection and that it explains how adaptations arise. What are adaptations?
Give two examples of adaptations.
Solution
Lamarck theorized early concepts of evolution. One of his principles \'use and disuse\' mentioned
that individuals lose the characteristics over time if they are not used and they gain
characteristics if they are used. If the organism started using a body part/organ more, then it
would develop more in the life time. He explained this with the example of giraffes where they
had to use their necks more to reach and eat the high placed leaves in the trees. This increased
use of their necks strengthened it and gradually increased its length. Example for the disuse of
organ - he mentioned about the appendix in humans which is not being used and is slowly
diminishing in size over time.
The second principle was Inheritance of acquired characteristics: This mentioned that the
changes in features and characteristics that were gained in the lifetime of an individual wil be
transmitted to the next generation offspring. he supported this too with the example of giraffes
mentioning that the long neck once acquired by a giraffe to reach high leaves, is transmitted to
the giraffe offspring..
Evolution
This document discusses several key concepts and theories related to evolution:
1. It describes Lamarck's theory of evolution which proposed that acquired traits could be inherited. It notes this theory is no longer supported.
2. It summarizes Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, noting the key principles of overproduction, variation, adaptation, and natural selection.
3. It discusses Hugo de Vries' mutation theory which proposed evolution occurs through accumulation of mutations in genes.
4. It notes the modern synthesis combines Darwinian evolution through natural selection with Mendelian genetics.
Group 2 (Lamarckism).pdf
The document presents Lamarckism, an evolutionary theory proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. Lamarckism suggests that physical changes acquired by organisms during their lifetime through use or disuse of organs can be passed on to offspring, such as giraffes developing longer necks. It is based on the laws of use and disuse and inheritance of acquired traits. While Lamarckism was incomplete because it did not account for genetics, it formed an early hypothesis of how evolution may occur through the inheritance of traits acquired over a lifetime.
Evolution
The document summarizes several key theories and concepts related to evolution:
1. It describes Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, such as giraffes stretching their necks to reach leaves, and passing longer necks to offspring.
2. Darwin's theory of natural selection is explained, relying on overproduction of offspring, variation between individuals, competition for resources, adaptation, and natural selection of favorable traits.
3. De Vries' mutation theory proposed that new species can suddenly appear through single mutations, providing raw material for evolution.
4. The modern synthesis combines Darwin's natural selection with genetics, explaining evolution as gradual changes in populations through natural selection and accumulation of small genetic
Theory of inheritance of acquired characters 1
1. Lamarckism is an evolutionary theory proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1809 that acquired traits could be inherited.
2. It had four main points: new needs arise from environmental changes, use and disuse of organs changes their development, acquired traits are inherited, and gradual accumulation of traits leads to new species.
3. While it was influential, Lamarckism was later disproven and replaced by modern evolutionary synthesis combining genetics and natural selection. Neo-Lamarckism revived some ideas incorporating new genetic findings.
History of evolutionery thought
I AM HAFIZ MUHAMMAD WASEEM from mailsi vehari
BSc from science college Multan
MSC university of education Lahore
i love Pakistan and my teachers
Theories of evolution other than modern synthetic theory
1. The document discusses several theories of evolution other than modern synthetic theory, including Lamarckism, Darwinism, and the mutation theory.
2. Lamarckism proposed that acquired characteristics can be inherited and that use and disuse of organs leads to the formation of new species. Darwinism proposed natural selection and the survival of the fittest. The mutation theory proposed discontinuous evolution through large mutations.
3. Each theory has evidence supporting it but also has criticisms, and no single theory could fully explain the mechanisms of evolution.
Theories of Evolution
Lamarck and Darwin proposed early theories of evolution. Lamarck suggested that organisms' traits could change during life due to use or disuse, and offspring would inherit these acquired traits, allowing evolution. Darwin later theorized that natural selection drives evolution, where offspring vary, and traits making some better able to survive and reproduce will become more common over generations as less adapted traits die out.
Evolution theories
1. Lamarck proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, which stated that traits acquired by organisms during their lifetime due to environmental factors could be passed on to offspring.
2. Examples Lamarck used included giraffes developing long necks from stretching to reach leaves and ducks developing webbed feet from swimming.
3. Darwin and Wallace later proposed the theory of natural selection, which explained evolution as occurring through heritable variations that provide individuals with an advantage in surviving and reproducing in their environment. Favored variations are passed on, while unfavored ones are selected against.
Charles lyell and jean baptiste lamarck
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) was a French biologist who proposed one of the first theories of evolution called Lamarckism. Lamarckism stated that species evolve through the inheritance of acquired characteristics in response to their environment over generations. Lamarck disagreed with Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. Charles Lyell (1797-1875) was a Scottish geologist whose theory of uniformitarianism proposed that the Earth changes slowly over immense periods of time by natural processes like erosion and volcanoes. Lyell's study of rock layers provided evidence that the Earth's features evolved gradually over long time scales. Both Lamarck and Lyell made important
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The document discusses early theories of evolution, including Lamarck's theory of acquired characteristics and Darwin's theory of natural selection. Lamarck believed that characteristics acquired during an organism's lifetime could be inherited by offspring, while Darwin's theory of natural selection proposed that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their traits. The document provides examples of natural selection in peppered moths and Galapagos finches and outlines the key points of Darwin's theory that variation exists within species and environmental pressures lead to the survival of the fittest.
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This document provides information on Lamarck and Darwin's theories of evolution. It describes Lamarck's theory as having three main postulates: the effect of the environment, use and disuse of organs, and the inheritance of acquired characteristics. It then gives examples and objections to Lamarck's theory. For Darwin's theory, it outlines the key features of overproduction, struggle for existence, variation and heredity, natural selection/survival of the fittest, and formation of new species. It concludes by listing some objections to Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection.
Lamarckism
1) Lamarckism is a theory of organic evolution that proposes that complex organisms evolved from simpler organisms, and that characteristics acquired over the lifetime of organisms can be inherited by offspring.
2) According to Lamarckism, changes in the environment create new needs for organisms, which then develop new structures in response through the use and disuse of organs. Continuous use strengthens and develops organs over time, while disuse weakens and deteriorates them.
3) Lamarck proposed that acquired characteristics, such as a giraffe's long neck developed from stretching to reach leaves, could be passed on to offspring through inheritance.
Evolution (Lecture 2) a concept in biology.pptx
This document discusses Jean Baptiste de Lamarck's theory of evolution, known as Lamarckism. The key points are:
1) Lamarck proposed the "theory of inheritance of acquired characters", which stated that adaptations developed in an organism's lifetime in response to environmental changes could be passed on to offspring.
2) An example given is the long neck of giraffes developing over generations from ancestral deer as they stretched their necks to reach higher tree leaves.
3) Lamarck believed evolution occurred through the inheritance of acquired traits that provided adaptations to an organism's environment and needs. This mechanism of adaptive modification drove evolutionary change.
Theories of evolution
Lamarckism and Darwinism are two theories of evolution. Lamarckism, proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1809, suggests that organisms can pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. Darwinism, proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859, proposes that evolution occurs through natural selection, where organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their traits. Key aspects of Darwinism include variation between individuals, the struggle for existence due to limited resources, and survival of the fittest individuals who pass on adaptive variations. Over many generations, these variations accumulate and can lead to the formation of new species.
Theories of evolution
Lamarckism and Darwinism are two theories of evolution. Lamarckism, proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1809, suggests that organisms can pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. Darwinism, proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859, proposes that evolution occurs through natural selection, where organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their traits. Key aspects of Darwinism include variation between individuals, the struggle for existence due to limited resources, and survival of the fittest individuals who pass on adaptive variations. Over many generations, these variations accumulate and can lead to the formation of new species.
Evolution
Evolution is the process of change over generations in a population of organisms. Popular belief prior to Darwin was that species were fixed, but some scientists proposed gradual change to fit environments. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection proposed that variation within populations and inheritance of traits with differential survival and reproduction could result in evolution of species over time. Modern synthesis combined Darwin's natural selection with genetics and population thinking.
AP BIO Evolution and Natural Selection speciation 2.ppt
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The Process of Evolution The Process of Evolution
The document summarizes key concepts about the process of evolution. It compares Lamarckian and Darwinian evolution theories. Lamarck proposed that acquired traits during an organism's lifetime could be passed to offspring, while Darwin's theory of natural selection stated that organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on beneficial traits. The document also identifies several scientists who contributed to evolutionary thought, including Darwin, Wallace, Lamarck, Linnaeus and Malthus, and their important works and discoveries.
Evolution and theories of evolution
1) The document discusses several theories of evolution including Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, Darwin's theory of natural selection, and De Vries' mutation theory.
2) Lamarck believed that organisms could pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring, such as giraffes passing on long necks. Weismann disproved this through experiments on mice.
3) Darwin's theory of natural selection proposed that variations arise in populations and individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and pass those traits to offspring, leading to the emergence of new species over time.
Evolutionary Genetics
This document provides an overview of evolutionary genetics and theories of evolution. It discusses Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution by natural selection. The main points covered include:
- Definitions of evolution and evolutionary biology.
- An outline of the contents to be discussed, including theories of evolution like Lamarckism and Darwinism.
- An explanation of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, including the mechanisms of overproduction, struggle for existence, heritable variation, and survival of the fittest.
- Other evolutionary theories discussed include Hugo de Vries' mutation theory and the role of gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection as forces of evolution.
Part AJean Baptiste de Lamarck is best known for his Theory of In.pdf
Part A:
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck is best known for his Theory of Inheritance of Acquired
Characteristics, first presented in 1801. Here are some of the basic theories of Lamarckism:
The theory of evolution by natural selection, first formulated in Darwin\'s book \"On the Origin
of Species\" in 1859, is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes
in heritable physical or behavioral traits. The main points regarding Darwinism are as follows:
Darwin\'s theory has been supported by a lot of evidence. Hence, it was accepted by the
scientific community during his time. Lamarck\'s Theory of Inheritance of Acquired
Characteristics has been disproved. This was done in two major ways. The first is by experiment.
We have seen through many real examples and observations that changes that occur in an animal
during life are not passed on to the animal\'s offspring. If a dog\'s ears are cropped short, its
puppies are still born with long ears. The other way that Lamarck\'s theory has been proven
wrong is the study of genetics. Darwin knew that traits are passed on, but he never understood
how they are passed on. During the time when Darwin\'s first book first came out, Gregor
Mendel, who discovered genetics, was just starting his experiments. These and other examples
show that Lamarck\'s theory does not explain how life formed and became the way it is.
Part B:
(i) Alfred Russel Wallace: He discovered the concept of evolution by natural selection. Although
he is now rarely mentioned as the discoverer (Darwin, who discovered the theory independently,
is usually cited) Wallace enjoyed a very high reputation in his lifetime and was awarded many of
science’s most prestigious awards.Alfred Russel Wallace did not exactly influence Charles
Darwin, but rather was his contemporary and collaborated with Darwin on solidifying his Theory
of Evolution through Natural Selection.The two pooled their data to present the idea jointly to
the Linnaean Society of London.
(ii)Stanley Miller: He was an American chemist who designed the first experiment to produce
organic molecules from some of the inorganic components of the Earth’s prebiotic atmosphere.
Miller’s procedure (which was co-designed by Harold Urey and is known as the Miller-Urey
experiment) contained three key elements: a heated pool of water meant to simulate the primitive
Earth’s ocean; an atmosphere of water vapour, methane, ammonia, and molecular hydrogen; and
storms of “lightning” in the form of continuous electric discharges. After one week, 10–15% of
the system’s carbon was found in organic molecules such as amino acids, the building blocks of
proteins. Miller’s experiment was not only a groundbreaking moment for research into the origin
of life on Earth but also a breakthrough that captured the popular imagination and gave rise to
the term prebiotic soup. Miller\'s experiment was important because it showed that organic
compounds such as amino acids, which are essential to cellular .
THEORIES OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION NEO-DARWINISM.pdf
The document discusses several theories of organic evolution:
- Lamarckism proposed that evolution occurs through inheritance of acquired characteristics from parents' use or disuse of organs.
- Darwin's theory of natural selection proposed that evolution occurs through natural selection of beneficial inherited variations.
- Mutation theory proposed that mutations are the raw material for evolution and only useful mutations are selected by nature.
- Neo-Darwinism updated Darwin's theory, proposing that evolution occurs through differential reproduction and inheritance of genetic variations from the gene pool.
Test questions for bio
The document contains multiple choice and short answer test questions about Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and his theories of evolution. Specifically:
- Lamarck believed that traits acquired by organisms during their lifetime could be passed on to offspring, and that the use or disuse of organs could impact their development over generations.
- One question asks about Lamarck's law of use and disuse, and his idea that organs become stronger or disappear depending on how much they are used.
- A short answer question asks about whether any part of Lamarck's work was true, and cites his idea that environmental factors can affect development as an example.
The origin of species
This document summarizes different theories on the origin of species:
- Non-evolution theories include Creationism, which says God created life, and Fixism, which says species do not change over time.
- Evolution theories include Lamarckism, which proposes evolution through the inheritance of acquired characteristics, Darwinism, which introduced natural selection and common descent, and Neo-Darwinism, which combines genetics and natural selection.
Evolution
There are three main theories of evolution: special creation, Lamarckism, and Darwinism. Special creation believes organisms were created in their current form with no evolution. Lamarckism proposes that acquired traits can be inherited, such as giraffes developing long necks, but it was rejected as traits are not inherited. Darwinism theorizes that populations vary, there is a struggle for existence, and natural selection leads to the survival of the fittest whose variations are inherited, resulting in evolution and speciation over generations.
Innovative lesson plan
This document outlines a biology lesson plan about the Theory of Evolution taught by Neethu L Devasia to 10th standard students. The lesson aims to teach students about Lamarck's Theory of Evolution through discussing how giraffe evolved long necks and snakes lost limbs. Students will learn about the four laws of Lamarck's theory through charts and activities involving group work and answering questions. Formative assessment and a follow up activity drawing giraffe evolution are also included.
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1. Lamarck proposed the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, which stated that traits acquired by organisms during their lifetime due to environmental factors could be passed on to offspring.
2. Examples Lamarck used included giraffes developing long necks from stretching to reach leaves and ducks developing webbed feet from swimming.
3. Darwin and Wallace later proposed the theory of natural selection, which explained evolution as occurring through heritable variations that provide individuals with an advantage in surviving and reproducing in their environment. Favored variations are passed on, while unfavored ones are selected against.
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2) According to Lamarckism, changes in the environment create new needs for organisms, which then develop new structures in response through the use and disuse of organs. Continuous use strengthens and develops organs over time, while disuse weakens and deteriorates them.
3) Lamarck proposed that acquired characteristics, such as a giraffe's long neck developed from stretching to reach leaves, could be passed on to offspring through inheritance.
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This document discusses Jean Baptiste de Lamarck's theory of evolution, known as Lamarckism. The key points are:
1) Lamarck proposed the "theory of inheritance of acquired characters", which stated that adaptations developed in an organism's lifetime in response to environmental changes could be passed on to offspring.
2) An example given is the long neck of giraffes developing over generations from ancestral deer as they stretched their necks to reach higher tree leaves.
3) Lamarck believed evolution occurred through the inheritance of acquired traits that provided adaptations to an organism's environment and needs. This mechanism of adaptive modification drove evolutionary change.
Theories of evolution
Lamarckism and Darwinism are two theories of evolution. Lamarckism, proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1809, suggests that organisms can pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. Darwinism, proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859, proposes that evolution occurs through natural selection, where organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their traits. Key aspects of Darwinism include variation between individuals, the struggle for existence due to limited resources, and survival of the fittest individuals who pass on adaptive variations. Over many generations, these variations accumulate and can lead to the formation of new species.
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Lamarckism and Darwinism are two theories of evolution. Lamarckism, proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck in 1809, suggests that organisms can pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. Darwinism, proposed by Charles Darwin in 1859, proposes that evolution occurs through natural selection, where organisms better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on their traits. Key aspects of Darwinism include variation between individuals, the struggle for existence due to limited resources, and survival of the fittest individuals who pass on adaptive variations. Over many generations, these variations accumulate and can lead to the formation of new species.
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Evolution is the process of change over generations in a population of organisms. Popular belief prior to Darwin was that species were fixed, but some scientists proposed gradual change to fit environments. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection proposed that variation within populations and inheritance of traits with differential survival and reproduction could result in evolution of species over time. Modern synthesis combined Darwin's natural selection with genetics and population thinking.
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1) The document discusses several theories of evolution including Lamarck's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics, Darwin's theory of natural selection, and De Vries' mutation theory.
2) Lamarck believed that organisms could pass on traits acquired during their lifetime to their offspring, such as giraffes passing on long necks. Weismann disproved this through experiments on mice.
3) Darwin's theory of natural selection proposed that variations arise in populations and individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and pass those traits to offspring, leading to the emergence of new species over time.
Evolutionary Genetics
This document provides an overview of evolutionary genetics and theories of evolution. It discusses Charles Darwin and his theory of evolution by natural selection. The main points covered include:
- Definitions of evolution and evolutionary biology.
- An outline of the contents to be discussed, including theories of evolution like Lamarckism and Darwinism.
- An explanation of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, including the mechanisms of overproduction, struggle for existence, heritable variation, and survival of the fittest.
- Other evolutionary theories discussed include Hugo de Vries' mutation theory and the role of gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection as forces of evolution.
Part AJean Baptiste de Lamarck is best known for his Theory of In.pdf
Part A:
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck is best known for his Theory of Inheritance of Acquired
Characteristics, first presented in 1801. Here are some of the basic theories of Lamarckism:
The theory of evolution by natural selection, first formulated in Darwin\'s book \"On the Origin
of Species\" in 1859, is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes
in heritable physical or behavioral traits. The main points regarding Darwinism are as follows:
Darwin\'s theory has been supported by a lot of evidence. Hence, it was accepted by the
scientific community during his time. Lamarck\'s Theory of Inheritance of Acquired
Characteristics has been disproved. This was done in two major ways. The first is by experiment.
We have seen through many real examples and observations that changes that occur in an animal
during life are not passed on to the animal\'s offspring. If a dog\'s ears are cropped short, its
puppies are still born with long ears. The other way that Lamarck\'s theory has been proven
wrong is the study of genetics. Darwin knew that traits are passed on, but he never understood
how they are passed on. During the time when Darwin\'s first book first came out, Gregor
Mendel, who discovered genetics, was just starting his experiments. These and other examples
show that Lamarck\'s theory does not explain how life formed and became the way it is.
Part B:
(i) Alfred Russel Wallace: He discovered the concept of evolution by natural selection. Although
he is now rarely mentioned as the discoverer (Darwin, who discovered the theory independently,
is usually cited) Wallace enjoyed a very high reputation in his lifetime and was awarded many of
science’s most prestigious awards.Alfred Russel Wallace did not exactly influence Charles
Darwin, but rather was his contemporary and collaborated with Darwin on solidifying his Theory
of Evolution through Natural Selection.The two pooled their data to present the idea jointly to
the Linnaean Society of London.
(ii)Stanley Miller: He was an American chemist who designed the first experiment to produce
organic molecules from some of the inorganic components of the Earth’s prebiotic atmosphere.
Miller’s procedure (which was co-designed by Harold Urey and is known as the Miller-Urey
experiment) contained three key elements: a heated pool of water meant to simulate the primitive
Earth’s ocean; an atmosphere of water vapour, methane, ammonia, and molecular hydrogen; and
storms of “lightning” in the form of continuous electric discharges. After one week, 10–15% of
the system’s carbon was found in organic molecules such as amino acids, the building blocks of
proteins. Miller’s experiment was not only a groundbreaking moment for research into the origin
of life on Earth but also a breakthrough that captured the popular imagination and gave rise to
the term prebiotic soup. Miller\'s experiment was important because it showed that organic
compounds such as amino acids, which are essential to cellular .
THEORIES OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION NEO-DARWINISM.pdf
The document discusses several theories of organic evolution:
- Lamarckism proposed that evolution occurs through inheritance of acquired characteristics from parents' use or disuse of organs.
- Darwin's theory of natural selection proposed that evolution occurs through natural selection of beneficial inherited variations.
- Mutation theory proposed that mutations are the raw material for evolution and only useful mutations are selected by nature.
- Neo-Darwinism updated Darwin's theory, proposing that evolution occurs through differential reproduction and inheritance of genetic variations from the gene pool.
Test questions for bio
The document contains multiple choice and short answer test questions about Jean-Baptiste Lamarck and his theories of evolution. Specifically:
- Lamarck believed that traits acquired by organisms during their lifetime could be passed on to offspring, and that the use or disuse of organs could impact their development over generations.
- One question asks about Lamarck's law of use and disuse, and his idea that organs become stronger or disappear depending on how much they are used.
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This document summarizes different theories on the origin of species:
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- Evolution theories include Lamarckism, which proposes evolution through the inheritance of acquired characteristics, Darwinism, which introduced natural selection and common descent, and Neo-Darwinism, which combines genetics and natural selection.
Evolution
There are three main theories of evolution: special creation, Lamarckism, and Darwinism. Special creation believes organisms were created in their current form with no evolution. Lamarckism proposes that acquired traits can be inherited, such as giraffes developing long necks, but it was rejected as traits are not inherited. Darwinism theorizes that populations vary, there is a struggle for existence, and natural selection leads to the survival of the fittest whose variations are inherited, resulting in evolution and speciation over generations.
Innovative lesson plan
This document outlines a biology lesson plan about the Theory of Evolution taught by Neethu L Devasia to 10th standard students. The lesson aims to teach students about Lamarck's Theory of Evolution through discussing how giraffe evolved long necks and snakes lost limbs. Students will learn about the four laws of Lamarck's theory through charts and activities involving group work and answering questions. Formative assessment and a follow up activity drawing giraffe evolution are also included.
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- 3. Charles Darwin Jean –Baptiste de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck
- 4. MODERN THEORIES OF EVOLUTION A.The Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics ( Lamarckism) B. The Theory of Evolution By Natural Selection (Darwism)
- 5. LAMARCK’S THEORY French naturalist Jean – Baptiste de Monet, chavelier de Lamarck proposed that organisms evolve through time, from being lower forms to higher forms. His theories are: a. Theory of Need b. Theory of Use and Disuse c. Theory of Acquired Characteristics
- 6. Theory of Need. - Organisms change in respond to their environment. Their ability to survive helped them develop characteristics necessary for them to adapt in a given environment.
- 8. Theory of Use and Disuse. Organs or body part frequently use will be developed and advanced while body parts not in use will disappear. This leads to new types of behaviour involving new uses of pre-existing organs. Their use leads to an increase in size or to other methods of functioning.
- 9. Theory of Acquired Characteristics. - Acquired characteristics of organisms developed through frequent use or infrequent use are passed on from parents to offspring.
- 11. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution Father of Evolution Proposed the Theory of Evolution By Natural Selection Wrote a book, “Origin of the Species”
- 12. Natural Selection According to natural selection, organisms that are best adapted to an environment survive and reproduce more than others
- 14. Darwin’s Finches
- 15. OTHER THEORIES OF EVOLUTION The Germ Plasm Theory or Neo – Darwism Theory of Evolution By Mutation/Mutationism The Synthetic Theory of Evolution