The document discusses theoretical frameworks and variables in research. It defines a theoretical framework as the structure that supports a theory explaining a research problem. The purposes of a theoretical framework are to develop testable hypotheses, establish connections between observations, make findings meaningful and generalizable, identify research problems, and explain relationships between dependent and independent variables. It also defines different types of variables - independent variables that influence others, dependent variables that depend on others, moderating variables that modify relationships, and mediating variables that explain relationships.

2. Theoretical Framework & Variables
Business Research Method
Management Science’s
Presented By :
Khalid Saifullah

3. What Is Theoretical Framework?
OR

4. Theoretical Framework
 The theoretical framework is the structure that can
hold a theory of a research study. The theoretical
framework describes the theory that explains why the
research problem under study exists.

5. Purposes of Theoretical Framework
 Testable hypotheses can be developed.
 To establish connections between observations and facts.
 To make research findings meaningful and generalizable.
 Identifying and defining research problems
 It explains the relationship between dependent and independent
variables.
 To encourage development of a theory which is practicable.
 To give old data new interpretations and new meanings.
 TF allows to understand that what a variable means and what
different types of variables exist .

6. What is Variables?

7. Variables
 A simple definition of Variable is something that varies.
 A variable is an object, event, idea, feeling, time period, or any
other type of category you are trying to measure
 Examples
Gender, Color , Country ,Weight, Time, Height, etc

8. What Are Different Types OF Variables
 There are some types of Variables:
 Independent Variables
 Dependent Variables
 Moderating Variables
 Mediating Variables

9. Independent Variable
Independent variable: a variable whose variation does
not depend on that of another.
OR
It is a variable that stands alone and isn't changed by the
other variables.
Examples: if you open a faucet the quantity of water
Flowing changes in response--you observe that the water
Flow increases.

10. Dependent Variables
It is something that depends on other factors. It
depends on independent variable.
Example:

11. Moderating Variable
 Moderating variable is a variable, the presence of which,
modifies the original relationship between the independent
and the dependent variables. e-g,
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Organizational
Effectiveness
Workforce
Diversity
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Managerial
Expertise
Moderating Variable

12. Mediating Variable
 it explains the relationship between the dependent
variable and the independent variable. The process of
complete mediation is defined as the complete
intervention caused by the mediator variable.. e-g,
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Organizational
Effectiveness
Workforce
Diversity
Independent Variable Intervening Variable Dependent Variable
Creative
Synergy

13. EXAMPLE

14. Questioning Means =