The document outlines key components of educational research, focusing on variables such as independent, dependent, control, and extraneous variables. It defines a research problem as a specific issue the study addresses and emphasizes the importance of a conceptual framework in illustrating the relationships among variables. The framework aids in hypothesis development, research design, and data analysis to interpret findings effectively.

1. Educational Research
Variables of Research Problem
and the Conceptual Framework

2. 1. Variables
 Independent Variable (IV):
This is the variable that you manipulate or
control in an experiment or study to observe its
control in an experiment or study to observe its
effect on other variables. It is the potential cause
or predictor.

3. Variables
 Dependent Variable (DV):
This is the variable that you measure or
observe to determine the effects of the
independent variable. It is the outcome or
independent variable. It is the outcome or
response variable.

4. Variables
 Control Variables:
These are variables that you keep constant or
control for to ensure that the relationship
control for to ensure that the relationship
between the independent and dependent
variables is not influenced by other factors.

5. Variables
 Extraneous Variables:
These are variables that could potentially
affect the outcome but are not the main
affect the outcome but are not the main
focus of the study. Researchers try to control
or account for these variables to minimize
their impact.

6. 2. Research Problem
 A research problem is a specific question,
issue, or gap in knowledge that a researcher
aims to address through their study.
aims to address through their study.
 It defines the scope and purpose of the
research and serves as the basis for the
research objectives or hypotheses.

7. 3. Conceptual Framework
 A conceptual framework is a theoretical
structure that outlines the key concepts,
variables, and their interrelationships in a
research study. It provides a visual or written
representation of how variables are expected
to relate to one another.

8. 3. Conceptual Framework
 The conceptual framework helps researchers
develop hypotheses, design their research, and
develop hypotheses, design their research, and
interpret their findings.
 It may consist of concepts, constructs, and
relationships among variables.

9. How these Elements are
How these Elements are
Connected

10. 1. Identifying Variables
 When formulating a research problem, you
need to identify the relevant variables.
need to identify the relevant variables.
What are the key factors or elements
related to your research problem that you
want to study?

11. 2 Hypothesis or Research
Question
Based on your research problem and
identified variables, you can formulate a
identified variables, you can formulate a
research question or hypothesis. For
example, "Does variable X (IV) have an
effect on variable Y (DV)?"

12. 3 Conceptual Framework
Development
 The conceptual framework visually or
conceptually represents the relationship
between the variables. It may include a
diagram or a written explanation of how
diagram or a written explanation of how
variables are connected.
 In a conceptual framework, you might specify
the expected direction of relationships (e.g.,
positive or negative) and propose potential
mediating or moderating variables.

13. 4 Research Design
 The conceptual framework guides your
research design, helping you decide how to
collect data, which variables to measure,
and how to analyze the data
and how to analyze the data

14. 5 Data Analysis and Interpretation
 When you collect data, you use statistical
methods to test the relationships proposed
in your conceptual framework.
in your conceptual framework.
 The results of your analysis help you
draw conclusions about whether the
relationships between variables are
supported or not

15. In summary, variables are integral to
defining research problems, and the
defining research problems, and the
conceptual framework provides a structured
way to understand the relationships between
these variables within a research study.