Research: Chapter One
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This document discusses key concepts in research methods including theoretical framework, variables, and research instruments. A theoretical framework explains and predicts how phenomena exist and operate using abstract concepts and variable relations. Variables can be independent, affecting other variables, or dependent, being affected by other variables. Common research instruments are interviews, observations, and questionnaires, which should be valid, reliable, and usable.
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Research: Chapter One
- 1. Prepared by: Lea Sandra Fijo Banzon Highlights: • Theoretical Framework • Variable • Research Instrument ALLPPT.com _ Free PowerPoint Templates, Diagrams and Charts
- 2. It is a symbolic construction which uses abstract concepts, facts or laws, variables and their relations that explains and predicts how an observed phenomenon exists and operates is _ h _ _ r _ t _ c _ l _ r _ m _ _ o _ k T h e o r e t i c a l f r a m e w o r k (CALMORIN & PALER-CALMORIN, 2007)
- 3. It is a response variable which is observed and measured to determine the effect of stimulus variable is D _ p _ _ d _ n _ _ a _ i _ bl _ D e p e n d e n t v a r i a bl e (CALMORIN & PALER-CALMORIN, 2007)
- 4. It is a stimulus variables that determines relationships of variable to an observed phenomenon is _ n _ _ p _ _ d _ n _ _ a _ i _ bl _ I n d e p e n d e n t v a r i a bl e (CALMORIN & PALER-CALMORIN, 2007)
- 6. Framework - describe as the abstract, logical structure of meaning that guide the development of the study. https://www.slideshare.net/ludymae/chapter- 6theoretical-conceptual-framework
- 7. Theoretical Framework - is a symbolic construction which uses abstract concept, facts or laws, variables and their relations that explains and predict how an observed phenomenon exist and operates (CALMORIN & PALER- CALMORIN, 2007).
- 8. To make research findings meaningful and generalizable. Purpose of Theoretical Framework
- 9. To establish orderly connections between observations and facts Purpose of Theoretical Framework
- 10. To predict and control situations Purpose of Theoretical Framework
- 11. What is Variable? A variable is any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types
- 13. The effect of academic rank on the research performance of professors. • Group of high academic rank professors • Group of low academic rank professors INDEPENDENT VARIABLE: Academic rank
- 14. DEPENDENT VARIABLE: Research Performance The effect of academic rank on the research performance of professors. • Group of high academic rank professors • Group of low academic rank professors
- 15. Ex. 1 Educational qualification of teachers affect their socioeconomic status because the higher the educational qualification, the higher the salary will be. Educational qualification is ___ Independent Variable
- 16. Ex. 2 Performance is affected by civil status and gender because single female researchers are more efficient than married female researchers. To which variable does performance belong? Dependent Variable
- 18. It is an interaction in which oral questions are posed by the interviewer to elicit oral response from the interviewee. Interviews
- 19. is one of the very important methods for obtaining comprehensive data in qualitative research especially when a composite of both oral and visual data become vital to the research. Observation
- 20. This is a data collection instrument mostly used in normative surveys. This is a systematically prepared form or document with a set of questions deliberately designed to elicit responses from respondents or research informants for the purpose of collecting data or information. Questionnaire
- 23. References: • CALMORIN, M. A., & PALER- CALMORIN, L. (2007). RESEARCH METHODS and THESIS WRITING. REX Printing Company, INC. • https://www.slideshare.net/ludymae /chapter-6theoretical-conceptual- framework • https://www.slideshare.net/MhayeB arile1/research-instrument- 69813352 • https://www.scribd.com/document/ 78151508/Theoretical-Framework
Editor's Notes
- Why do we need theoretical framework in research? The Use of a Theoretical Framework as a Guide in a Research Study The theoretical framework plays an important role in guiding the entire process of the research study Theories are constructed in order to explain, predict and master phenomena (e.g. relationships, events, or the behavior).
- Independent Variable (IV) – this is the stimulus variable which is chosen by the researcher to determine its relationship to an observed phenomenon. Dependent Variable (DV) – This is the response variable which is observed and measured to determined the effect of the independent variable.
- Ex. A researcher wishes to determine the effect of academic rank on the research performance of professors. He takes a group of high academic rank professors, i.e., full professors and observes their performance. Likewise, he takes another of group of low academic rank professors i.e., assistant professors and observes their performance. In this particular example, academic rank is the independent variable because it is manipulated.
- Ex. A researcher wishes to determine the effect of academic rank on the research performance of professors. He takes a group of high academic rank professors, i.e., full professors and observes their research performance. Likewise, he takes another of group of low academic rank professors i.e., assistant professors and observes their research performance. In this example, the dependent variable is research performance. Because it changes as a result of variations in academic rank. If academic rank is high, what happens to research performance? If academic rank is low, what happens to research performance?
- Research-made instruments such as questionnaire, test, observation, interviews and many others should meet the qualities of a good research instruments before gathering or collecting data, and are important devices because the SUCCESS or FAILURE of a study lies on the data gathered.
- Validity means the degree to which a test or measuring instruments measures what it intends to measure. In other words, there is veracity or truthfulness of the response. Reliability means the extent to which a research instruments is dependable, consistent, and stable. In other words, the test agrees with itself. However, a reliable test may not always be valid. Usability means the degree to which the research instruments can satisfactory used by teachers, researchers, supervisors and school managers w/out undue expenditure of time, money and effort.