STRAND 1 LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT

1. GRADE 5 SCIENCE NOTES
LIVING THINGS

2. FLOWERING AND NON-FLOWERING
PLANTS
 - Plants are living things.
- Plants can be grouped into different
groups depending on common
characteristics.
- This grouping is called classification.

3. CLASSIFYING PLANTS INTO FLOWERING AND NON-
FLOWERING PLANTS
Green plants are either flowering or non-
flowering.
- Flowering plants are those that produce flowers
during their growing time.
- Non-flowering plants do not produce flowers at
all.
- Some flowering plants are useful while others
are harmful.

4. FLOWERING PLANTS
 Some Examples of flowering plants include
 Grass
 Sugarcane
 Sisal
 Orange
 Onion
 Maize
 Beans
 Cabbages

5. CLASSIFYING PLANTS INTO FLOWERING AND NON-
FLOWERING PLANTS
 Some Examples of NON flowering plants include
Mushroom
Mold
Yeast
Cypress
Pine
Fir
Use a digital device to find some more nonflowering
plants

6. FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF A FLOWER
PETALS
Protect inner parts of a flower
SEPALS
Protect flower in bud stage
OVARY
Produce ovules (female sex cells)

7. FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF A FLOWER
STIGMA
Receives pollen grains
ANTHERS
Produces pollen grain (male sex cells)
STYLE
Hold the stigma

8. FUNCTIONS OF PARTS OF A FLOWER
FILAMENT
Hold the anthers
OVULES
Female sex cells
POLLEN GRAINS
Fertilize male sex cell

9. IMPORTANCE OF FLOWERING PLANTS
1. For beautification during special
occasions.
2. For sale.
3. For food.
4. Flowers develop into fruits.
5. Some flowers are used in making
medicine.

10. PRECAUTIONS WHEN HANDLING HARMFUL PLANTS
The following are some of the precautions when
handling harmful plants.
Wear googles.
Wear gloves.
Wear apron.
Using tongs.
Washing hands.

11. FUNGI
Fungi have some characteristics of living
things. Some of these characteristics are:
They grow.
They reproduce
They die.

12. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF
FUNGI
 - Yeast is used in baking industry during
preparation of bread and doughnut.
- Yeast helps in making the dough.
- Some mushrooms are grown for food.
- Some fungi are used in making medicine such
as Penicillin.
- Some fungi help to improve soil fertility by
helping in decomposition of dead living things.

13. PRECAUTIONS WHEN HANDLING FUNGI
Bread with mold should be disposed.
- One should wear gloves when handling
fungi.
- Avoid touching harmful fungi with bare
hands.
- Wash your hands with soap and water
after handling fungi.

14. ANIMALS: VERTEBRATES
Vertebrates are animals with a backbone.
- Invertebrates are animals without a backbone.
- Vertebrates are divided into five major groups.
Mammals
Fish
Reptiles
Amphibians
Birds

15. MAMMALS
Characteristics of mammals
They give birth to young ones.
2. They suckle their young ones.
3. Their bodies are covered with hair or
fur.
4. They use lungs during gaseous
exchange.

16. ANIMALS THAT HAVE ABOVE CHARACTERISTICS
INCLUDE
Man
Monkey
Bat
Dolphin
Elephant

17. BIRDS
Characteristics of birds
They have backbone.
They breathe through lungs.
They lay eggs.
They have scales in their legs.
Their bodies are covered with feathers.
Their body temperature remain constant.

18. BIRDS
 Some examples of birds include:
 Ostrich
 Dove
 Chicken
 Duck
 Flamingo

19. REPTILES
 Characteristics of Reptiles
 They have backbone.
 They have scales.
 They lay eggs.
 They use lungs during gaseous exchange.
 Their body temperature changes with time.
 Animals that have above characteristics include:
 Snake
 Lizard
 Frog
 Tortoise
 Chameleon

20. AMPHIBIANS
Characteristics of Amphibians
They have backbone.
They do not have scales.
They lay eggs.
They use lungs during gaseous exchange.
Their body temperature changes with time.
Some live on land while others in water.

21. FISH
Characteristics of Fish
They have backbone.
They have scales.
They lay eggs.
They breathe by gills.
Their body temperature changes with
time.

22. 1.3 THE HUMAN BREATHING SYSTEM
By the end of the sub strand the learner should be able
to:
Identify the main parts of the human breathing system,
Describe the functions of main parts of the human
breathing system,
Outline the symptoms and prevention measures for
common conditions and diseases of the breathing
system,

23. MAIN PARTS OF THE HUMAN BREATHING SYSTEM
USE PRINT AND NON- PRINT MATERIAL
TO IDENTIFY THE HUMAN BREATHING
SYSTEM

24. MAIN PARTS OF THE HUMAN BREATHING SYSTEM

25. ACTIVITY
Describe the functions of main parts of the human
breathing system

26. FUNCTIONS OF MAIN PARTS OF THE HUMAN
BREATHING SYSTEM,
Nose and Mouth: The primary entry points for air
into the respiratory system. They warm, moisten,
and filter the air as it enters the body.
Trachea (Windpipe): A tube-like structure that
connects the nose and mouth to the lungs. It
serves as a passageway for air to move in and out
of the lungs.

27. FUNCTIONS OF MAIN PARTS OF THE HUMAN
BREATHING SYSTEM,
Lungs: The main organs of the respiratory system, where
gas exchange occurs. Oxygen from the air is transferred
into the bloodstream, while carbon dioxide, a waste
product, is removed from the bloodstream and expelled
from the body through exhalation.
Diaphragm: A dome-shaped muscle located beneath the
lungs. It plays a crucial role in breathing by contracting
and relaxing to create changes in thoracic (chest) cavity
volume, which results in inhalation and exhalation

28. COMMON CONDITIONS AND DISEASES OF THE
BREATHING SYSTEM
Common Cold: Caused by a viral infection of the
upper respiratory tract, resulting in symptoms like
a runny or stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, and
sometimes fever.
Influenza (Flu): Another viral infection of the
respiratory tract, typically characterized by
sudden onset of symptoms such as fever, body
aches, cough, sore throat, and fatigue.

29. COMMON CONDITIONS AND DISEASES OF THE
BREATHING SYSTEM
 Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Symptoms may include fever,
cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, and fatigue.
 Asthma: A chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to
symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, coughing, and chest tightness. Triggers can include
allergens, exercise, cold air, and respiratory infections.

30. COMMON CONDITIONS AND DISEASES
OF THE BREATHING SYSTEM
COVID-19 : a sickness caused by a virus called the coronavirus. Some people who have COVID-19 might feel
sick, but others might not feel sick at all. The most common symptoms are:
Fever: Feeling hot and having a high temperature.
Cough: A dry or sometimes a wet cough that makes you feel like you need to clear your throat.
Tiredness: Feeling more tired than usual, like you want to rest a lot.
Headache: A pain in your head that can make it hard to concentrate or feel comfortable.

31. Prevention measures for common conditions and
diseases of the breathing system
 Wash Hands
 Cover Mouth and Nose
 Stay Away from Sick People
 Get Vaccinated
 Practice Good Hygiene
 Stay Active and Eat Healthy
 Avoid Smoking and Secondhand Smoke

32. ACTIVITY
With peers discuss symptoms and prevention
of common conditions and diseases that
affect the human breathing system and share
with the class in a plenary

33. EXTENDED ACTIVITY
Use online platforms or digital
images to illustrate major parts of
the human breathing system.

34. PROJECT:
Collaboratively(with peers) make models
of the human breathing system using
locally available materials

35. ASSESSMENT
Describe the functions of main parts of the human
breathing system
Outline the symptoms and prevention measures for
common conditions and diseases of the breathing
system measures for common conditions and diseases
of the breathing system on a chart and present to the
class in a plenary