Could you clarify what you mean by "Ramchandra plot"? Are you referring to: 1. A plot (graph/diagram) related to a scientific concept or dataset (perhaps in physics or material science)? 2. A story or storyline involving Lord Ramchandra from Hindu mythology? 3. A land or property plot owned or related to someone named Ramchandra? Let me know so I can help accordingly! Thanks! Since "Ramchandra plot" could mean different things depending on context, here are some possible interpretations with a bit more detail: 1. Scientific or Mathematical Plot There’s no widely recognized scientific graph or chart specifically called a "Ramchandra plot" in mainstream physics, chemistry, or material science. It's possible you're referring to a plot or data visualization used or proposed by a researcher named Ramchandra. If you have a paper or topic in mind (e.g., neutron diffraction, magnetism, etc.), I could dig deeper. 2. Mythological Storyline (Ramayana) If you’re referring to Ramchandra (another name for Lord Rama), then a Ramchandra plot could mean: The plot/storyline of the Ramayana, the epic tale of Rama's journey, exile, war with Ravana, etc. A condensed version or retelling of the events focusing on Rama's perspective. 3. Real Estate / Land Plot In everyday Indian English, a "Ramchandra plot" might refer to: A piece of land (property/plot) owned by or named after someone called Ramchandra. Possibly a location like Ramchandra Plot, Nagpur or other place names that include "Plot" as part of an address or region. 4. Something Else? It might also be from a specific book, movie, local reference, or niche academic topic. If you can tell me which direction you’re going—scientific, mythological, geographical, or something else—I can give a much more targeted explanation or even visuals. Thanks! Since "Ramchandra plot" could mean different things depending on context, here are some possible interpretations with a bit more detail: 1. Scientific or Mathematical Plot There’s no widely recognized scientific graph or chart specifically called a "Ramchandra plot" in mainstream physics, chemistry, or material science. It's possible you're referring to a plot or data visualization used or proposed by a researcher named Ramchandra. If you have a paper or topic in mind (e.g., neutron diffraction, magnetism, etc.), I could dig deeper. 2. Mythological Storyline (Ramayana) If you’re referring to Ramchandra (another name for Lord Rama), then a Ramchandra plot could mean: The plot/storyline of the Ramayana, the epic tale of Rama's journey, exile, war with Ravana, etc. A condensed version or retelling of the events focusing on Rama's perspective. 3. Real Estate / Land Plot In everyday Indian English, a "Ramchandra plot" might refer to: A piece of land (property/plot) owned by or named after someone called Ramchandra. Possibly a location like Ramchandra Plot, Nagpur or other place names that include "Plot" as part of an address or regio

1. The Ramachandran
Angles
by
Mhdi Saber
PhD Student
Genetic Engineering and
Biotechnology

2. Each residue will have two bonds
that can rotate freely. These two
angles define the conformation of
that residue in a protein and are
called the Ramachandran angles, ψ
(psi) and φ (phi).

3. The ψ (psi) Angle :
The bond from the α-carbon to the carbonyl
group (at the C-terminus) of the amino acid
residue can rotate and turn the whole plane
of the amide group, which includes the
carbonyl carbon, in a 360-degree range. This
angle locate between Cα_C(C=O) bond. This
angle is labeled ψ (psi) and is measured from
–180° to +180° with the positive direction
being when you turn the rear group
clockwise so that the rear nitrogen bond is
clockwise of the front nitrogen bond.

6. The φ (phi) Angle
The bond from the nitrogen (at the N-terminus)
to the α-carbon of the amino acid residue can
rotate and turn the whole plane of the other
amide group. This angle locate between N_Cα
bond. This angle is labeled φ (phi) and is
measured from –180° to +180° with the positive
direction being when you turn the rear group
clockwise so that the rearcarbonyl bond is
clockwise of the front carbonyl bond (or when
you turn the front group counterclockwise so
that the rear carbonyl bond is clockwise of the
front.)

9. The Ramachandran Plot
We can vary ψ from –180° to 180° and we can
vary φ from –180° to 180° (that is 360° of
rotation for each). But many combinations of
these angles are almost never seen and others
are very, very common in proteins. Let us plot
the values of ψ vs. the values of φ for an
example globular protein. We will obtain a data
set for the positions of each atom in space. We
can get such data from one of the several
depositories of protein structural data. We will
use X-ray crystallography data, as it is the most
precise.