Retaining walls are concrete or rock structures that are put into place in order to restrain soil on the sides of hills and unnatural sloping ground. Where there is two differing elevations or areas where landscaping has to be severely shaped such as land near expressways or farming on a hillside.

2. Retaining walls are concrete or rock structures
that are put into place in order to restrain soil
on the sides of hills and unnatural sloping
ground. Where there is two differing elevations
or areas where landscaping has to be severely
shaped such as land near expressways or
farming on a hillside.
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3. Retaining walls are used in
hilly and mountainous
regions, and are used in
landscape and architectural
design to enhance the
natural surrounding
environment, yet serve a
purpose of holding back the
soil.
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4. A retaining wall is engineered to be
strong enough to resist and hold back
the lateral pressure of the soil when
there is a change in the elevation of
the ground that is in excess of the
repose angle of the soil.
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5. The most important factor in the design and the
construction of a retaining wall is the fact that
the retaining wall must counteract the soil
pressure being placed upon it by the ground
behind it.

6. Earth will move downhill
from its present position due
to gravity. The pressure
against an object is greater at
the lower levels of the
retaining wall because of all
the earth on top pressing
down. The lateral pressure at
the top of the wall is zero,
and at the bottom, a bunch.
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7. There are many materials that
are used in the construction
of retaining walls such as
concrete, steel, and rocks.
There are also complex
combinations of footings and
anchors that go back into the
soil at perpendicular angles to
keep the wall from moving.
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8. Some retaining walls are built into the side of a
hill for example, with techniques that actually
reduce the soil pressure behind the wall. The
way this is done is to mesh boxes made of wire,
and then filled with stone that is roughly cut.
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9. If done properly, retaining walls can add a great
deal of charm to an office, home or other type
of building and landscaping project in hilly,
steep areas.
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