This document defines several medical terms and concepts related to urinary tract infections and diagnostics. It explains that a urinary tract infection usually starts in the bladder and can ascend to the kidneys, and are more common in women. It describes how to properly collect a clean catch urine sample and the use of intravenous pyelogram, KUB, and their purposes in examining the urinary system. It also defines bladder neck obstruction and its causes.

1. UTI- urinary tract infection
CC- clean catch specimen
IVP- Intravenous Pyelogram
KUB- kidneys, ureters, bladder
BNO- bladder neck obstruction

2.  Happens along the urinary tract
 Infection usually from bacteria of any
organs of the urinary system
 Begins with cystitis and may ascend into
the ureters and kidneys
 Most common in women because of their
shorter urethra

3.  Urine sample obtained after cleaning off
the urinary opening and catching or
collection a urine sample midstream
 Clean catch is usually done to minimize
contamination from the genitalia

4.  X-Rays the urinary system
 Kidneys excrete the dye into the urine
 X-Rays can then create pictures of every
structure which the urine passes

5.  Abdominal x-ray used to detect kidney stones and
gastrointestinal disorders
 X-ray taken of the abdomen demonstrating the
kidneys, ureters, and bladder without using any contrast
dye
 Also called a flat plate abdomen x-ray

6.  Blockage of the bladder outlet, often caused by
an enlarged prostate gland in males
 Condition where the bladder neck does not open
enough during voiding